The nurse tells the students she is giving them a "vaccination" that will stop the "virus." As was mentioned, syphilis is caused by a bacterium known as Treponema pallidum. In addition, there is no vaccination for syphilis; the intramuscular injection that the nurse was giving the students is Penicillin G, an antibiotic.
This movie stated that syphilis is caused by a virus. Syphilis is actually a bacterium.
When the students are being treated, the nurse injects them in their arms. Syphilis injections are supposed to be administered in the buttock.