Yes. The film opens with some home movies Peter made about his trip to Berlin.
The main villain is "The Vulture" (Michael Keaton). The Vulture is a classic villain from the original Marvel comic books and was originally going to appear in Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man 4" before that sequel was scrapped.
Yes, there's a mid-credit scene that sets up "The Sinister Six" and an inconsequential snippet with Captain America at the very end of the credits.