XPR1 is the only annotated phosphate exporter protein in humans. Recent studies provide mechanistic clues to its cellular function; three posit non-export mechanisms to regulate phosphate homeostasis, while six present high-resolution cryo-EM data supporting a bona fide phosphate channel mechanism controlled by intracellular phosphate levels.

This work reveals a eukaryotic ribosome elongation cycle in situ, uncovers over 20 structural conformations, highlights the new role of compact eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) during peptidyl transfer and discovers new conformations of open-eEF3.

Many bacteriophages can modulate host transcription. Here, the authors uncover the anti-termination mechanism of phage satellite P4 protein, Psu. Psu dimers clamp two open rings of the termination factor ρ, promote ρ hyper-oligomerization, and trap nucleotides in ρ’s binding pockets.

Rab3GAP, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab18, regulates membrane trafficking and lipid droplet metabolism. The authors elucidated its molecular structure, mapped its potential substrate binding interface, and uncovered that disease-associated mutations likely impair Rab18 binding.

A small ferredoxin (Shethna protein II) of Azotobacter vinelandii can provide protection from O₂ stress that may be crucial for the maintenance of recombinant nitrogenase in food crops.

After RNA release, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) stays on DNA in a post-termination complex (PTC). PTCs can initiate RNA synthesis but produce cytotoxic R-loops. RapA induces an RNAP conformational change, dissociating PTCs and controlling R-loop formation.

This study presents cryogenic electron microscopy structural analysis of a diversity-generating retroelement (DGR) reverse transcription system from Bordetella bacteriophage, with results indicating that RNA surrounding the template controls reverse transcription through mechanisms that are conserved across distant taxa.

XPR1 is the only annotated phosphate exporter protein in humans. Recent studies provide mechanistic clues to its cellular function; three posit non-export mechanisms to regulate phosphate homeostasis, while six present high-resolution cryo-EM data supporting a bona fide phosphate channel mechanism controlled by intracellular phosphate levels.

Autoantibodies targeting glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) are found in people with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Two studies reveal that patient-derived autoantibodies are diverse in their epitope binding and modes of action on the NMDAR, providing insights into the mechanisms behind autoantibody-induced NMDAR hypofunction.

Direct visualization of polymer semiconductor structure in electrolyte environments and across length scales facilitates mechanistic understanding of this versatile but complex class of materials.