Characterization of gut metagenomes from 21,561 volunteers on omnivore, vegetarian or vegan diets shows how major food groups may shape the gut microbiome not only through the selection of microbes that aid in digestion, but also through the acquisition of microbes from foods themselves.

Here, using a multisystem approach, the authors characterize the impact of Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) on the gut-brain axis and its effects on cognitive and microbiome development in one-year-old children from Dhaka, Bangladesh, finding relationships between faecal microbiota (specifically the species Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococcus salivarius, and Bacteroides fragilis), plasma odd chain fatty acid concentrations, brain activity, and behavioral measurements.

Using 21,561 individuals, the authors present a cross-sectional study of how gut microbiome signatures are associated with dietary intake patterns and with host health outcomes.

Thermal sensitivity of mangrove leaf endosphere microbiome reveals distinct niche adaptations in generalist and specialist bacteria. Specialists dominate, while temperature significantly drives diversity, impacting mangrove ecosystem resilience.

Characterization of gut metagenomes from 21,561 volunteers on omnivore, vegetarian or vegan diets shows how major food groups may shape the gut microbiome not only through the selection of microbes that aid in digestion, but also through the acquisition of microbes from foods themselves.

In this study, Padhi et al. demonstrate the potential of metagenomics-based approaches for the discovery of natural products from complex ecosystems.

This Genome Watch article highlights recent findings that expand the known diversity of methanogenic archaea and the metagenomic evidence that led to their identification and cultivation.

Routine coffee consumption is associated with a gut microbiome signature characterized by elevated levels of Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus. The growth of this bacterium is stimulated by coffee in vitro and its activities may influence the biotransformation of coffee-associated metabolites.

Being first in a family to aim for a science career takes resilience and resourcefulness.

Although gut microorganisms have been associated with type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms involving specific microbial strains remain unidentified. Now, a comprehensive study has analyzed 8,117 shotgun metagenomes from the USA, Europe, Israel and China, providing cross-population microbial signatures in a strain-resolved manner and new mechanistic insights into type 2 diabetes.