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    T10 Folded Cascode - Simone

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    Matei Laurentiu
    The document discusses the folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) circuit. It covers the schematic, biasing, gain, input and output capacitances, frequency response, and common-mode feedback of the folded cascode OTA.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    T10 Folded Cascode - Simone

    Uploaded by

    Matei Laurentiu
    213 views21 pages
    The document discusses the folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) circuit. It covers the schematic, biasing, gain, input and output capacitances, frequency response, and common-mode feedback of the folded cascode OTA.

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    T10 Folded Cascode_simone

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    The document discusses the folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) circuit. It covers the schematic, biasing, gain, input and output capacitances, frequency response, and common-mode feedback of the folded cascode OTA.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    213 views21 pages

    T10 Folded Cascode - Simone

    Uploaded by

    Matei Laurentiu
    The document discusses the folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) circuit. It covers the schematic, biasing, gain, input and output capacitances, frequency response, and common-mode feedback of the folded cascode OTA.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21
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    The document discusses the folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), including its characteristics, analysis, design considerations, and techniques to modify its performance.

    The folded cascode OTA has good general purpose performance as a single-stage OTA. The document discusses analyzing the bias, gain, input and output capacitances, frequency response, feedback and stability, settling time, noise, and common mode feedback of the folded cascode OTA.

    The document discusses that the gain of a folded cascode OTA can be increased moderately by increasing the length of the transistors or by using more substantial techniques like a double cascode, gain boosting, or using a multi-stage amplifier design.

    EECS 240 Analog Integrated Circuits Topic 10:

    Folded Cascode OTA


    Bernhard E. Boser, Ali M. Niknejad,S.Gambini Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Folded Cascode
    Good general purpose single-stage OTA Analysis
    Bias Gain Input capacitance Frequency response Feedback, stability Settling time Noise Common-Mode Feedback

    Design
    Specications Circuit parameters
    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode 2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad & S.Gambini

    Schematic

    Many more transistors, but overall characteristics very similar to common-source stage.
    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode 2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad & S.Gambini

    Bias Subcircuit

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    DC Gain, Bias

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Bias Differential Inputs

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Low Frequency Gain, Adm


    Gain / Output Range tradeoff
    Adm=120 Vod = 4.3V Adm=200 Vod = 3.6V (nominal parameter)

    Increasing Adm:
    Moderate:
    Increase L Affects V*, phase margin

    Substantial:
    Double Cascode Gain boosting Multi-stage amplier

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Increased Adm

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Output Resistance

    Beware of imbalance between NMOS and PMOS current source


    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode 2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad & S.Gambini

    Gm, Cod Test Circuit

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Transconductance

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Differential Output Capacitance

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Differential Input Capacitance


    CGS1 = 2/3 Cox W L = 117 fF Miller effect signicantly increases Cid at low frequency Cascoding M1, M2 helps (at the expense of reduced input commonmode range)

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Frequency Response (Adm)


    Bandwidth
    Strong function of CL Increasing fu?

    Feedback
    Stability Phase margin Increasing m Increasing CL increases m in single-stage amplier (costly)
    & S.Gambini

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    Common Mode Feedback (CMFB) (See G&M, Ch. 13)


    Essential in all fully-differential amplifiers How to implement it? Main choices: Continuous-time CMFB Resistors (mostly academic) Triode Devices Double Differential Pair Discrete-time CMFB Switched capacitor CMFB Issues: Bandwidth, rejection

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Ideal CMFB
    +cmc -+ vop
    A

    von

    Issue: How do we sense the output common-mode without disturbing the amplifier? (See next)

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Resistive CMFB
    Consider Folded Cascode Amplifier Gain=Gm Rout=70dB (~3000 V/V) Rout=2.5M Rsense> 2.5M to avoid gain degradation-impractical + vop cmc - + von Rsense Rsense

    What about using transistors?

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Triode Device CMFB


    vdd biasP von biasP vop
    What about using transistors? Advantage:Simple Problem:one side shuts off for large signal-> this become DMFB (differential mode feedback)

    Vref vss
    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    Vref

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Triode Device CMFB


    vdd biasP von biasP vop
    What about using transistors? Advantage:Simple Problem:one side shuts off for large signal-> this become DMFB (differential mode feedback) Similar version with double diff pair and same problems

    Vref vss
    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    Vref

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Switched Capacitor CMFB


    What about using capacitors? Problem:initialization vop + cmc - + von Csense Csense

    Solution: Switched Capacitor (see next)

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

    Switched Capacitor CMFB


    Solution: Switched Capacitor + vop cmc - + von 1 Csense 1 Csense 1 2 2 2 Vcmref Vbias Vcmref

    EECS 240 Topic 10: Folded Cascode

    2011 B. Boser,A. Niknejad

    & S.Gambini

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