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    What Are Ketone Bodies

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    Grace Nazareno
    The document discusses ketone bodies, which are produced when fatty acids are broken down for energy. The three main ketone bodies are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. Ketone levels rise during fasting and prolonged exercise. Diabetes is a common pathological cause of elevated ketones, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis where high ketone levels are produced due to low insulin. New inexpensive tests can now quantitatively measure beta-hydroxybutyrate levels using small blood samples, offering better monitoring and treatment of diabetes and other conditions involving abnormal ketone body metabolism.

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    What Are Ketone Bodies

    Uploaded by

    Grace Nazareno
    45 views10 pages
    The document discusses ketone bodies, which are produced when fatty acids are broken down for energy. The three main ketone bodies are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. Ketone levels rise during fasting and prolonged exercise. Diabetes is a common pathological cause of elevated ketones, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis where high ketone levels are produced due to low insulin. New inexpensive tests can now quantitatively measure beta-hydroxybutyrate levels using small blood samples, offering better monitoring and treatment of diabetes and other conditions involving abnormal ketone body metabolism.

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    The document discusses ketone bodies, which are produced when fatty acids are broken down for energy. The three main ketone bodies are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. Ketone levels rise during fasting and prolonged exercise. Diabetes is a common pathological cause of elevated ketones, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis where high ketone levels are produced due to low insulin. New inexpensive tests can now quantitatively measure beta-hydroxybutyrate levels using small blood samples, offering better monitoring and treatment of diabetes and other conditions involving abnormal ketone body metabolism.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    45 views10 pages

    What Are Ketone Bodies

    Uploaded by

    Grace Nazareno
    The document discusses ketone bodies, which are produced when fatty acids are broken down for energy. The three main ketone bodies are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. Ketone levels rise during fasting and prolonged exercise. Diabetes is a common pathological cause of elevated ketones, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis where high ketone levels are produced due to low insulin. New inexpensive tests can now quantitatively measure beta-hydroxybutyrate levels using small blood samples, offering better monitoring and treatment of diabetes and other conditions involving abnormal ketone body metabolism.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    By: Glenerson B. Ontiveros and Naoto T.

    Tanaka

    o These

    are three chemicals that are produced as by-products when fatty acids are broken down for energy.

    o Ketone

    bodies are produced by the liver and used peripherally as an energy source when glucose is not readily available.

    o The

    two main ketone bodies are acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3-betahydroxybutyrate (3HB), while acetone is the third, and least abundant, ketone body.

    Ketones

    are always present in the blood and their levels increase during fasting and prolonged exercise.

    Diabetes is the most common pathological cause of elevated blood ketones. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), high levels of ketones are produced in response to low insulin levels and high levels of counterregulatory hormones.

    In acute DKA, the ketone body ratio (3HB:AcAc) rises from normal (1:1) to as high as 10:1. In response to insulin therapy, 3HB levels commonly decrease long before AcAc levels.

    The frequently employed nitroprusside test only detects AcAc in blood and urine. This test is inconvenient, does not assess the best indicator of ketone body levels (3HB), provides only a semiquantitative assessment of ketone levels and is associated with false-positive results. Recently, inexpensive quantitative tests of 3HB levels have become available for use with small blood samples (5-25 microl). These tests offer new options for monitoring and treating diabetes and other states characterized by the abnormal metabolism of ketone bodies.

    o Occurs

    in Hepatic Mitochondria. Results from over production of Acetyl CoA formed during beta oxidation.

    BetaKetothiolase

    Acetyl CoA

    HMG CoA Synthethase

    3-Hydroxy, 3methylglutaryl CoA

    BetaHydroxybutyrate Acetoacetate

    HMG CoA lyase

    Acetone

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