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    Atmosphere

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    Dr Arvinder Pal Singh (A P Singh)
    The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. It is composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with smaller amounts of gases like argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The atmosphere exhibits a layered structure, with four main layers defined by changes in temperature: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Key functions of the atmosphere include providing gases necessary to support life, screening harmful solar radiation, regulating temperature through the greenhouse effect, and enabling telecommunications by reflecting radio waves.

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    Atmosphere

    Uploaded by

    Dr Arvinder Pal Singh (A P Singh)
    34 views1 page
    The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. It is composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with smaller amounts of gases like argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The atmosphere exhibits a layered structure, with four main layers defined by changes in temperature: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Key functions of the atmosphere include providing gases necessary to support life, screening harmful solar radiation, regulating temperature through the greenhouse effect, and enabling telecommunications by reflecting radio waves.

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    The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. It is composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with smaller amounts of gases like argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The atmosphere exhibits a layered structure, with four main layers defined by changes in temperature: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Key functions of the atmosphere include providing gases necessary to support life, screening harmful solar radiation, regulating temperature through the greenhouse effect, and enabling telecommunications by reflecting radio waves.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    34 views1 page

    Atmosphere

    Uploaded by

    Dr Arvinder Pal Singh (A P Singh)
    The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. It is composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with smaller amounts of gases like argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The atmosphere exhibits a layered structure, with four main layers defined by changes in temperature: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Key functions of the atmosphere include providing gases necessary to support life, screening harmful solar radiation, regulating temperature through the greenhouse effect, and enabling telecommunications by reflecting radio waves.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    of 1

    Atmosphere

    S No 1 Topic Definition Description Gaseous envelope around the earth; often referred as air It is held to earth surface by force of gravity It is dynamic (as shows movements), continuously renewed and is an open (subject to import/export of matter and energy) system. It has oxidizing conditions; but was once reducing in the past geological history of earth. It has variable composition It exhibits layered structure. It is composed of mixture of gases (Nitrogen 78 %, Oxygen 21 %, Argon 0.09 %, Carbon dioxide 0.035 %), water vapours (traces) and particulates (traces). CO2 occurs in lower layer; Ozone in high altitude and N 2 up to very high altitude On the basis of temperature changes, atmosphere exhibits at least 4 concentric layers or stratas: 1. Troposphere. - accounts for 75 % of air mass - 8 (15)Km in thickness - cloud formation, dust storms, particulates, rains occur in it - Temperature decreases with altitude 2. Stratosphere. - 35 Km thick - ozone concentration highest at 20-25 Km, called Ozonosphere (screens UV rays of Sun) - Good for aviation as visibility good as no dust storms or clouds - Temperature first constant; and later increases with altitude 3. Mesosphere. - 40 Km thick - Temperature decreases with height 4. Thermosphere or Ionosphere - 90 300 Km thick - High temperature due to ionization by high energy radiations - absorb X-rays and Cosmic rays - Reflect radio waves. It is a source of life giving gases O2 (for animals),CO2 ( for plants),N2 ( for bacteria in root nodule of legumes) It act as a screen against harmful radiations: - Ozonosphere against UV rays - Ionosphere against X-rays and Cosmic rays It cleanses itself by precipitation (rain and snow - remove gases and particulates) It brings Global warming by trapping Infrareds rays; average temperature of earth surface would have been -15 C (otherwise everything should have been in frozen state)instead of present 15 C (important for existence of life and water in liquid state) It serves as store house for water vapours It acts as a dump for gaseous pollutants It burns down intruding bodies from outer space It enables telecommunications Thermosphere reflects radio waves back to earth

    Important Characteristics

    Composition

    Structure

    Functions

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