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    Chemical Kinetics Presentation

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    Mohit Tomar
    Chemical kinetics is the branch of physical chemistry that deals with understanding reaction rates. It provides insights into how experimental conditions like concentration, temperature, and catalysts influence reaction speed and informs the reaction mechanism. Understanding reaction kinetics is important because it reveals chemical processes at a fundamental level and allows choosing conditions that favor desirable reaction pathways in industrial processes.

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    Chemical Kinetics Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Mohit Tomar
    495 views13 pages
    Chemical kinetics is the branch of physical chemistry that deals with understanding reaction rates. It provides insights into how experimental conditions like concentration, temperature, and catalysts influence reaction speed and informs the reaction mechanism. Understanding reaction kinetics is important because it reveals chemical processes at a fundamental level and allows choosing conditions that favor desirable reaction pathways in industrial processes.

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    Chemical kinetics is the branch of physical chemistry that deals with understanding reaction rates. It provides insights into how experimental conditions like concentration, temperature, and catalysts influence reaction speed and informs the reaction mechanism. Understanding reaction kinetics is important because it reveals chemical processes at a fundamental level and allows choosing conditions that favor desirable reaction pathways in industrial processes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    495 views13 pages

    Chemical Kinetics Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Mohit Tomar
    Chemical kinetics is the branch of physical chemistry that deals with understanding reaction rates. It provides insights into how experimental conditions like concentration, temperature, and catalysts influence reaction speed and informs the reaction mechanism. Understanding reaction kinetics is important because it reveals chemical processes at a fundamental level and allows choosing conditions that favor desirable reaction pathways in industrial processes.

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    Introduction

    Chemical kinetics, the branch of physical chemistry that is

    concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how different experimental conditions can influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction's mechanism. Importance of chemical kinetics is that it provides evidence for the mechanisms of chemical processes. Many commercial processes can take place by alternative reaction paths, and knowledge of the mechanisms makes it possible to choose reaction conditions that favour one path over others.

    Reaction Rates
    The Reaction Rates at any instant during the course of

    the reaction is the rate at which the concentrations of the reactants decreases with time or the concentration of products increases with time. For a reaction of the type aA + bB cC + dD The Reaction Rate can be given as

    Factors On Which Reaction Rates Depends


    Nature of the Reactants Physical State

    Concentration
    Temperature Catalyst

    Pressure

    Order Of Reaction
    The order of reaction with respect to a certain

    reactant, is defined as the power to which its concentration term in the rate law is raised. For a general reaction: aA +bB cC +dD rate = k[A]p[B]q Order of the reaction with respect to A is p, that of B is q and overall order is p+q Reaction order can be determined only by experiment. The constant of proportionality, k in rate law is called rate constant

    Molecularity Of A Reaction
    Molecularity in chemistry is the number of colliding

    molecular entities that are involved in a single reaction steps. It is a theoretical concept and can only be applied to elementary reactions. Molecularity of a reaction is always a whole number. Pseudo Molecular Reactions: when one of the reactant is present in excess then the order of the reaction is 1 but molecularity is 2.

    Integrated Rate Equations


    Zero Order Reaction:

    unit = mol lit-1 time-1 examples: The Photochemical reaction of H2 and Cl2 over water (saturated with HCl) surface is zero Order.
    First Order Reaction:

    unit = time-1 examples: Inversion of cane sugar. C12H22O11 + H2O H+ ions C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

    Second Order Reactions 1.

    When concentration of both reactants are equal:

    2.

    When concentration of the reactants are not equal:

    unit = lit mole-1 time-1 examples: Oxidation Of Hydrogen Bromide 4HBr + O2 2Br + 2H2O

    Half Life Period


    Half life period of a reaction can be defined as the time

    required when half of the reactant is converted into the products, or it can also be defined as the time required for the reaction to be half completed For Zero Order For First Order t1/2 = 0.5 a/k t1/2 = 0.693/k

    For Second Order t1/2 = 1/ka

    Arrhenius Equation
    K=Ae-Ea/RT is Called the Arrhenius Equation .

    K is the specific rate constant A is the frequency factor R is the molar gas constant T is the Temperature in Kelvin scale Ea is the Activation energy

    Activation Energy And Chemical Reaction


    The activated complex will decompose at a definite

    energy level at a definite way. If it decomposes at a higher energy level than the then the average energy of the molecule, the reaction will be endothermic in nature otherwise it will be exothermic in nature If the reaction is reversible and endothermic, the activation energy required for backward reaction will always be less than forward reaction but if t he reaction is exothermic the activation energy required for the backward reaction will always be greater than forward reaction.

    Effect of catalyst on activation energy and chemical reaction


    A catalyst alters the rate of the reaction but itself

    remain unchanged.
    A positive catalyst is used so the activated complex will

    always be formed at a lower energy level then the uncatalysed reaction


    In case of negative catalyst, the activated complex will

    be formed at a higher energy level than the uncatalysed reaction.

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