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Introduction To Programming

This document introduces programming and the program life cycle. It discusses that a program is a set of instructions that directs a computer, and a programmer designs programs. The key steps of the program life cycle are identifying the problem, planning the solution with flowcharts or pseudocode, coding the program in a programming language, testing for errors through desk checking, translation, and debugging, and documenting the program. The document also covers different levels of programming languages from machine language to natural language and types of languages as procedural, which executes instructions sequentially, or non-procedural which is event-driven.

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Fahmi Abdulla
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26 views

Introduction To Programming

This document introduces programming and the program life cycle. It discusses that a program is a set of instructions that directs a computer, and a programmer designs programs. The key steps of the program life cycle are identifying the problem, planning the solution with flowcharts or pseudocode, coding the program in a programming language, testing for errors through desk checking, translation, and debugging, and documenting the program. The document also covers different levels of programming languages from machine language to natural language and types of languages as procedural, which executes instructions sequentially, or non-procedural which is event-driven.

Uploaded by

Fahmi Abdulla
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
PROGRAM is a set of step-by-step instructions that tells or directs the computer what to do.
PROGRAMMER is the person who designs a program.

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PROGRAM LIFE CYCLE


Steps to follow in writing or creating a program: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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Identifying the problem. Planning the solution. Coding the program. Testing the program. Documentation.
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IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM

It involves determining the requirement of the program.

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PLANNING THE SOLUTION


TWO WAYS OF PLANNING THE SOLUTION: 1. Draw a flowchart. 2. Write a pseudo code.

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PLANNING THE SOLUTION


FLOWCHART is a graphical representation of the step-by-step instruction to be done in a program. PSEUDO CODE is listing down the set of instructions to be used in the program.

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CODING THE PROGRAM


After designing the program, next step is to code the program with the use of any chosen programming language. SYNTAX is a set of rules to follow. SYNTAX ERROR is the violation of the rule set by programming language used in a certain program that produce an error. MISSPELLING is one of the common causes of syntax error.
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TESTING THE PROGRAM


After coding the program, it is important to test if it is running. Three phases of testing the program: 1. Desk checking 2. Translation 3. Debugging
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TESTING THE PROGRAM


DESK CHECKING the programmer mentally traces or checks the logic of the program to make sure that it is error free. TRANSLATION the programming language uses a translator to ensure that the programmer did not violate any language rules by the chosen programming language. It translates the program line by line to locate any syntax error.
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TESTING THE PROGRAM

DEBUGGING it means detecting, locating and correcting bugs. BUGS means error or mistakes.
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DOCUMENTATION
In this step, the programmer makes a detailed description on how the program was created. It contains a brief narrative process undergone by the program, from identification of the problem up to testing of the results.

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LEVELS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

LEVELS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE


There are five levels of programming languages that are being used in their respective generation: 1. Machine Language (1st Generation) 2. Assembly Language (2nd Generation) 3. High Level Language (3rd Generation) 4. Very High Level Language (4th Generation) 5. Natural Language
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MACHINE LANGUAGE
It is considered as the lowest level of programming language. It is represented by 0 and 1.

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ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
It is considered as the low level language. It uses Mnemonic codes instead of 0 and 1. Mnemonic codes are abbreviations that are easy to remember.

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HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE


This language transformed programming in the early 1960s. It makes the language easier by means of the language is written in English. The Translator convert the program into a machine language.
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VERY HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE


This generation simplifies the 3rd generation language. It reduces the number of instructional statements. 100 lines of instructions in 3GLs can be reduced to 5 20 lines of instructions in 4GLs.
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NATURAL LANGUAGE
This generation is the resemblance to the English language. It has the capability to translate human instructions into code that a computer understands.

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PROCEDURAL AND NONPROCEDURAL LANGUAGES

PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES

PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES
It is a programming languages that uses a series of instructions or statements which are sequential from the beginning to the end. The execution of instruction is line by line and it is terminated after the last instructions.
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PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES
Some of the Procedural Languages are:

BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) FORTRAN (Formula Translator) PL1 (Programming Language 1) Pascal C
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NONPROCEDURAL LANGUAGES

NON-PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES
These programming languages are considered as Object-oriented Programming Languages. It is an event-driven program. The statements are not executed per line instead a series of instructions are executed as a whole when an event occurs.
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NON-PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES
Example of events are: click, double click, drag and drop, etc. Some of the Non-Procedural Languages are: Visual Basic C++ Java Delphi
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VALUES?

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AWARENESS DISCIPLINE VALUE OF DECISION MAKING

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If its a good idea, go ahead and do it. It is much easier to apologize than it is to get permission.
- Grace Murray Hopper Creator of COBOL

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END OF THE DISCUSSION

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