The Maharashtra Floods of 2005

INDE X
No. Particulars
1. The Maharashtra Floods of 2005.
2. Financial Effect.
3. Effect on Mumbai.
4. Threat to Public Health.
5. Uncontrolled Development.
6. Antiquated Drainage System.
7. Conclusion.
Gr oup Intr oduction
Roll Na mes .
No .
22. Parmar Rishi.
23. Patel Ankit.
24. Patel Falgun.
25. Patel Mehul.
26. Patel Pragenesh.
27.
28.
T he Mahar ashtr a flood s of
2005
The Maharashtra floods of 2005 refers
to the flooding of many parts of the Indian state
of Maharashtra including large areas of the
metropolis Mumbai, a city located on the coast
of the Arabian Sea, on the western coast of
India, in which at least 1,000 people died. It
occurred just one month after similar flooding in
Gujarat.
The floods were caused by the eighth
heaviest ever recorded 24-hour rainfall figure of
994 mm (39.1 inches) which lashed the
metropolis on 26 July 2005, and intermittently
continued for the next day. 644 mm
(25.4 inches) was received within the 12-hr
period between 8am and 8pm. Torrential rainfall
continued for the next week. The highest 24-
hour period in India was 1,168 mm (46.0 inches)
in Aminidivi in the Union Territory of
Lakshadweep on 6 May 2004 although some
reports suggest that it was a new Indian record.
The previous record high rainfall in a 24-hour
period for Mumbai was 575 mm (22.6 inches) in
1974.
Other places to be severely affected
were Raigad, Chiplun, Ratnagiri and Kalyan in
Maharashtra and the southern state of Goa.
The rains slackened between the 28
July and 30 July but picked up in intensity on
July 31. The Maharashtra state government
declared 27 and 28 as a state holiday for the
affected regions. The government also ordered
all schools in the affected areas to close on
August 1 and August 2. Mumbai Police
commissioner Anami Narayan Roy requested all
residents to stay indoors as far as possible on
July 31 after heavy rains disrupted the city once
again, grounding all flights for the day.
Fi nancia l ef fect
The financial cost of floods was
unprecedented and these floods caused a
stoppage of entire commercial, trading, and
industrial activity for days. Preliminary
indications indicate that the floods caused a
direct loss of about Rs. 450 crores (€80 million
or US$100 million). The financial impact of the
floods were manifested in a variety of ways:
• The banking transactions across the
counters were adversely affected and many
branches and commercial establishments
were unable to function from late evening of
26 July 2005. The state government
declared the 27th (and later, 28th) of July as
a public holiday. ATM networks of several
banks, which included the State Bank of
India, the nation's largest national bank;
ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, and several foreign
banks like Citibank and HSBC, stopped
functioning from the afternoon of 26 July
2005 at all the centers of Mumbai. ATM
transactions could not be carried out in
several parts of India on 26 July 2005 or 27
July 2005 due to failure of the connectivity
with their central systems located in
Mumbai.
Ef fect on Mumbai 's li nks to the
rest of the wor ld
• For the first time ever, Mumbai's domestic
and international airports (including
Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport,
Sahar and Juhu aerodrome) were shut for
more than 30 hours due to heavy flooding of
the runways and extremely poor visibility.
Over 700 flights were cancelled or delayed.
The airports reopened on the morning of 28
July 2005. Rediff. Within 24 hours of the
airports becoming operational, there were
185 departures and 184 arrivals, including
international flights. Again from early
morning of 31 July, with increase in water
logging of the runways and different parts of
Mumbai, most of the flights were indefinitely
cancelled.
• Rail links were disrupted, and reports on late
evening of 30 July indicated cancellation of
several long distance trains up to 6 August,
2005.
Transport stats
• 52 local trains damaged
• 37,000 auto rickshaws spoilt
• 4,000 taxis
• 900 BEST buses damaged
• 10,000 trucks and tempos grounded
T hr ea t to pub lic hea lth
The rain water caused the sewage system
to overflow and all water lines were contaminated.
The Government ordered all housing societies to
add chlorine to their water tanks while they
decontaminate the water supply.
Thousands of animal carcasses floated in
the flood waters, raising concerns about the
possibility of disease.
Reports in the media warned of the threat
of waterborne diseases, and hospitals and health
centers geared up to distribute free medicines to
check any outbreak.
Map showing wards declared critical areas
for being hygienically sensitive
On August 11, the state government
declared an epidemic of leptospirosis in Mumbai
and its outskirts, later clarifying that there was no
such threat anywhere else in Maharashtra. 66
people died of fever suspected to be leptospirosis.
749 people were admitted with such fever, with 41
cases "unstable" and in an advanced stage of the
disease. The BMC declared three zones - P South
(Goregaon) ward, L ward (Kurla) and H East
(Bandra-Kalina) - as critical areas for being
"hygienically sensitive".
Uncontr ol led , unplan ned
de velop ment in Nor ther n
Suburb s
Unlike South Mumbai, development in

northern suburbs of Mumbai is haphazard and
buildings are constructed without proper
planning. The drainage plans in northern
suburbs is chalked out as and when required in
a particular area and not from an overall point of
view.
No environment clearance is mandatory
for large urban construction projects in northern
Mumbai. Officials in the environment ministry
claimed that it was not practical to impose new
guidelines with retrospective effect "as there are
millions of buildings"
Ant iqua te d dr aina ge sy stem
The present storm-water drainage
system in Mumbai was put in place in the early
20th century and is capable of carrying only 25
millimetres of water per hour which was
extremely inadequate on a day when 994 mm of
rain fell in the city. The drainage system is also
clogged at several places.
Only 3 'outfalls' (ways out to the sea)
are equipped with floodgates whereas the
remaining 102 open directly into the sea. As a
result, there is no way to stop the seawater from
rushing into the drainage system during high
tide.
In 1990, an ambitious plan was drawn to
overhaul the city's storm water drainage system
which had not been reviewed in over 50 years. A
project costing approximately 600 crore rupees
was proposed by UK based consultants hired by
the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation to
study the matter. Implementation of the project
would have ensured that rainwater did not flood
the streets of Mumbai. The project was planned
to have completed by 2002 and aimed to
enhance the drainage system through larger
diameter storm water drains and pipes, using
pumps wherever necessary and removing
encroachments. The project, if implemented
would have doubled the storm water carrying
capacity to 50 mm per hour.
The BMC committee had rejected the
proposed project on the grounds that it was "too
costly".
CO NC LUSIO N
Thousands of schoolchildren were
stranded due to flooding and could not reach
home for up to 18 hours. The subsequent two
days were declared as school and college
holidays by the state government. The city
region and the suburbs that make up the
metropolis of Mumbai received 994 mm
(39.1 inches).
Areas in Mumbai badly affected by the
flooding
The rains hit the state of Goa and parts
of western Maharashtra on July 25. Adding to
the chaos was the lack of public information.
Radio stations and many television stations did
not receive any weather warnings or alerts by
the civic agencies. The Met department blamed
it on the lack of sophisticated weather radars
which would have given a 3 hour prior warning.
References
 News Paper
 Web sites
Yahoo.com & Google.com
ACKN OWLED GME NT

We are extremely grateful to Mrs.
SACHIN JOSHI for giving me this opportunity
of working upon this project. We are thankful
to her in valuable guidance & advice.
We are thank over librarian Mrs.
ALKA WADHWANA. Who help in us in
research of book? I am grateful to thanks
class mates for cooperating me on this subject
for making the project.
Presented To:-
(Sachin
Joshi)

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INDE X

Unlike South Mumbai, development in

ACKN OWLED GME NT

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