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    Pipe Fittings

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    alinor_tn
    Pipe fittings have various shapes and functions to connect, change the direction or diameter of pipes, or control fluid flow. Common fittings include elbows to change pipe direction, tees and wyes to add branches, couplings and unions to join pipe sections, reducers and bushings to change pipe diameter, caps and plugs to seal pipe ends, and valves to regulate fluid flow. PVC, copper, and other pipe materials each have their own fitting designs that are either threaded, glued or compression-fit to join pipe sections according to the type of material.

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    Pipe Fittings

    Uploaded by

    alinor_tn
    4K views32 pages
    Pipe fittings have various shapes and functions to connect, change the direction or diameter of pipes, or control fluid flow. Common fittings include elbows to change pipe direction, tees and wyes to add branches, couplings and unions to join pipe sections, reducers and bushings to change pipe diameter, caps and plugs to seal pipe ends, and valves to regulate fluid flow. PVC, copper, and other pipe materials each have their own fitting designs that are either threaded, glued or compression-fit to join pipe sections according to the type of material.

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    Pipe fittings have various shapes and functions to connect, change the direction or diameter of pipes, or control fluid flow. Common fittings include elbows to change pipe direction, tees and wyes to add branches, couplings and unions to join pipe sections, reducers and bushings to change pipe diameter, caps and plugs to seal pipe ends, and valves to regulate fluid flow. PVC, copper, and other pipe materials each have their own fitting designs that are either threaded, glued or compression-fit to join pipe sections according to the type of material.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    4K views32 pages

    Pipe Fittings

    Uploaded by

    alinor_tn
    Pipe fittings have various shapes and functions to connect, change the direction or diameter of pipes, or control fluid flow. Common fittings include elbows to change pipe direction, tees and wyes to add branches, couplings and unions to join pipe sections, reducers and bushings to change pipe diameter, caps and plugs to seal pipe ends, and valves to regulate fluid flow. PVC, copper, and other pipe materials each have their own fitting designs that are either threaded, glued or compression-fit to join pipe sections according to the type of material.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that pipe fittings come in different shapes and sizes to allow pipes to change direction and diameter for proper plumbing.

    Common types of pipe fittings include elbows, tees, couplings, reducers, bushings, unions, adapters, caps, plugs, nipples, wyes and valves.

    Examples of pipe fittings that change the direction of flow include elbows, which come in 90 degree and 45 degree turns, and street elbows, which have one end with male threads and the other with female threads.

    Pipe Fittings

    Purpose of Pipe Fittings

    Plumbing fittings have different shapes which allow rigid straight pipe to change both direction and diameter.

    Elbows

    Used to change the angle or direction of the pipe run. The most common elbows come in 90 degree and 45 degree turns.
    The sweep of the fitting describes how fast a transition or change in direction is made.

    Street Elbows

    One end of the fitting has male threads and the other end has female threads.
    Street elbows are common in galvanized steel and copper pipe. They are convenient because they do away with the need for a nipple and work well in tight quarters.

    Tee or T-fittings

    Allow for branch lines. They are shaped like the letter T. DWV tees are known as waste or sanitary Ts.
    In these fittings the intersection is slightly curved in order to avoid clogs. Gradual bends are best for smooth flow of waste.

    Couplings

    Used to join two straight pieces of pipe of the same diameter.

    Reducers
    Used

    to join pipe of different diameters.


    Galvanized steel reducers are called bell reducers because they look like a bell. All reducers make a gradual transition between different diameters of pipe and therefore they take up considerable space

    Bushings

    Used to make the diameter of a pipe fitting smaller. They differ from reducers in that they make abrupt changes in diameter and take very little space.
    Two examples of galvanized steel bushings are

    face bushings, which take the least amount of space, and hex bushings which can be tightened with an adjustable wrench.

    Unions

    Used to join pieces of pipe where pipes cannot be turned or when a piece of equipment may have to be removed for maintenance or replacement.

    Adaptor fittings

    are used to change the end of a nonthreaded pipe to male or female threads as needed. Adaptors are commonly used in copper and plastic plumbing jobs.
    For example adaptors are used to convert from a PVC glue connection to a threaded connection or from a copper soldered connection to a threaded connection.

    Male adapters and female adapters are both common.

    Caps

    Used to close the end of a dead end pipe.

    Plugs

    Close an opening on a pipefitting normally used for inspection and cleanout.

    Nipples

    Short lengths (under 12") of pipe threaded at both ends.

    Wyes

    Pronounced like the letter Y Used primarily to gain inside access to DWV systems.

    Valves
    Devices

    that control the flow of liquid or gas through or from a pipe.


    Types of plumbing valves are:
    compression

    valves,

    ball

    valves, sleeve-cartridge valves, ceramic disc valves and more

    PVC Fittings

    PVC fitting come in a wide variety of configurations. They many be glued (S) or threaded (T) or both. Glued fittings are referred to as slip fittings.
    When specifying a PVC fitting the size and type of connection are specified. Some examples are: x ST Ell A reducing ell with a slip x thread x x SST Tee A reducing tee with a threaded outlet x SS Bushing = A bushing with slip connections.

    No Threads Threads

    Copper Tubing Fittings

    Copper tubing use compression fittings. Fittings are available to adapt from compression to IPS and from compression to soldered fittings. Common fittings include couplings, ells, and tees.

    Valves and Hose Bibs

    Valves are used to control the flow of water or other fluids in a plumbing system. Common types of valves include the following:

    A gate valve is a valve situated between the point of connection and the rest of the plumbing system. It usually remains wide open, but can be shut down in case repairs or additions have to be made to the system. A gate valve is not designed to be opened and closed on a regular basis.

    A check valve allows the fluid in the pipe to flow in one direction only.
    Check valves are used in water wells to prevent the backflow of water. There are two basic types: swing or flapper and lift check valves. Both work automatically.
    Arrow Depicts Direction of Flow

    globe valve is a valve used when frequent adjustment of the flow rate is necessary.
    It is a compression-type valve with a disk or washer that is compressed into a seat to form a tight seal. Repair is made by replacing the stem washer or disk.

    hose bib is a threaded exterior faucet that allows for the attachment of a garden hose or appliance hose.

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