NRA TD 27/07 CROSSCROSS -SECTION AND HEADROOM

DMRB Vol 6 File 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF TD 27
Introduction Design Principles Cross Cross-Sections on Open Roads Cross Cross-Sections at Structures Headroom at Structures References

1.0
1.1 General

INTRODUCTION

This standard outlines the design principals and factors which should b considered be id d b by D Designers i i in selecting l ti road d crosscross-sections ti and d headroom. headroom . The standard applies to all National Roads and side roads diverted as part of a National Road Scheme. Where used for a Local Road Scheme, refer to the relevant Road Authority for their requirements.

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INTRODUCTION

1.2 Important Definitions (Clause 1.11) Central Reserve : - The area which separates the carriageway of a dual carriageway and includes the widths of offside hard strips strips. Cross Section : - The road cross section incorporates all elements between the boundaries including : Carriageways including cycle lanes Central Reserve if any Separation zones Hard shoulders and hard strips Verges including footpaths, cycle tracks Cutting or embankment slopes Berms B and d working ki spaces D2AP : :- Dual two lane all purpose road. S2 : - Two lane single carriageway with carriageway lane width of up to 3 3.65m. 65m
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1.2

INTRODUCTION

Important Definitions (Clause 1.11) Cont.

Mainline The c/w carrying the main flow of traffic. Nearside Left hand side of vehicle when viewing a forward vehicle from behind. Type T 1 Dual D l c/w / A divided di id d all ll purpose road d with ith t two l lanes i in each h direction constructed to the geometric standards of NRA TD9 and TD22. Type 2 Dual c/w A divided all purpose road with two lanes in each direction constructed to the geometric standards of NRA TD10. Type 3 Dual c/w A divided road with two lanes in one direction direction, one lane in the other direction, constructed to the geometric standards to NRA TD10.

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1.2

INTRODUCTION

Important Definitions (Clause 1.11) Cont. Urban Roads in a built up area and either a) single carriageway with a speed limit of 60kph or less; or b) dual carriageway with speed limit of 80kph or less. less Rural Roads : All other Roads:

Roads : Urban and Rural :

g : - The p part of the road cross section alongside g a Verge carriageway but not including embankment or cutting slopes (includes the width of hard strips but excludes hard shoulders widths).

2.0
2.1 General

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

The underlying principal is that Designers are given the maximum choice, so that there is flexibility to develop layout options that will meet NRA objectives (Clause 2.1). Designers should balance considerations of : Safety Environmental Impact Cost Buildability of the Road Elements Operation at o a and d Maintenance a te a ce Ope Other Design Constraints Health and Safety Responsibilities The Designer is not given choices over the widths of running lanes, hard strips, ti and dh hard d shoulders h ld f for a particular ti l t type of f road. d A Any variation i ti i is a Departure (Clause 2.5). berms, , side Designer does have flexibility over the width of work space, berms slopes, verges and central reserves although a reduction of verge or central reserve width id h below b l d desirable i bl minimum i i will ill require i aR Relaxation. l i
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2.0
2.2 Design Progress

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

In development of the road cross cross-section, the road pavement widths are fixed. fi d I In th the widths idth which hi h th the D Designer i h has fl flexibility, ibilit road d side id features will impact on the required widths such as : Location of Safety Barriers could be significant. Drainage, Ducting, Ducting, Services, Public Lighting. Provision of Footpaths Footpaths, , Cycle Tracks. Provision P i i of fD Designated i t dL Lanes (D ( (Departures D Departures t as per clause l 2 2.14). 14) Berms Berms, , Landscaping Requirements. Requirements for Visibility on curved alignments and approaches to junctions may necessitate wider crosscross-section to accommodate wider verges and central Reserves (Clause 2.25 and TD 9).

3.0

CROSSCROSS-SECTIONS ON OPEN ROADS

(I.E. AWAY FROM STRUCTURES) 3.1 General Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 gives detailed dimensions for the road pavements, verges and central reserves for National Roads both rural and urban in the open. Wide dual carriageways are not to be used without NRA agreement (Clause 3.2). Cross section of a side road which is not a National Road should be agreed with the NRA and the relevant Road Authority (Clause 3.3). Any reduction or increase (except as per Clause 3.6) in paved elements is a Departure from standard (Clause 3 3.4). 4) Where there are different nearnear-side edge treatment at merge / diverge locations, the transition is to take place over the length of the taper (Cl (Clause 3 3.10). 10)
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3.0

CROSSCROSS-SECTIONS ON OPEN ROADS

(I.E. AWAY FROM STRUCTURES) 3.1 General Cont. Where kerbs are used on high speed roads they are to have a maximum height of 80mm and a 45 degree splay (clause 3.61 3.61). ). Verge or central reserve widths greater that the desirable widths do not require a Relaxation or Departure Departure. . Width less than desirable shall be regarded as a Departure Departure. . Urban Roads shall have raised verges (and kerbs) and footpaths as per Table 1. For Urban Roads should also refer to NRA TD 9 and Roads and Traffic in Urban Areas Areas for further guidance guidance. It should be noted that all the road cross sections are currently being reviewed wrt non non-motorised users.

REDUCED SINGLE CARRIAGEWAY (S2)

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STANDARD SINGLE CARRIAGEWAY (S2)

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TYPE 3 DUAL CARRIAGEWAY

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TYPE 2 DUAL CARRIAGEWAY (D2AP)

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TYPE 1 DUAL CARRIAGEWAY (D2AP)

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STANDARD DUAL CARRIAGEWAY MOTORWAY (D2M) & (D2UM)

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WIDE DUAL CARRIAGEWAY MOTORWAY (D2M)

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SLIP ROADS, INTERCHANGE LINKS AND LOOPS: 1 LANE

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SLIP ROADS, INTERCHANGE LINKS AND LOOPS: 2 LANE

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DIVERGE SLIP ROADS ONLY 2 LANE

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4.0
4.1 General

CROSSCROSS-SECTIONS AT STRUCTURES

NRA RCD 000/11 give cross cross-section details at bridge structures. H However widening id i maybe b required i dt to give i th the stopping t i sight i ht distances where the road alignment is on a curve (Clause 4.1). Variations of cross cross-section provision at bridges in close succession are to be avoided (Clause 4.2). Carriageway widths, hard shoulder and hard strip widths are to be g or over structures ( (Clause 4.6 and 4.7). ) maintained through Width of Central Reserves applicable to the adjacent open road section should be continued through or over the structure. structure.

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4.0
4.1

CROSS-SECTIONS AT STRUCTURES

General Cont.

Verges at Underbridges shall be raised (80mm maximum on high speed d roads) d ) with ith widths idth as per Table T bl 6 (varying ( i between b t 0.6m 0 6 and d 2.0m) (Clause 4.13). Verges beneath Overbridges shall be not less than 2.0m. Where there is an abutment adjacent to the carriageway, the face of the abutment is to be at least 4.5m from the edge of the road pavement. If the bridge support is a pier closest to the road, the set set-back to the face of th pier the i maybe b 2 metres t minimum. i i

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CROSSCROSS -SECTIONS AT STRUCTURES

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TABLE 6: VERGE WIDTHS ON UNDERBRIDGES

Road Type

Location

Pedestrian Usage (see Paragraph 4.11) Regular Regular Occasional All

Bridge Length m All All < 100 >100 All All

Raised Verge Width m 0.60 0 60 0.60 2.00 1 50 1.50 1.50 0.60

Motorway All-Purpose Road

Nearside Offside Nearside

Offside*

Note: * For bridges carrying NonNon-National Roads it may be appropriate to treat one side as the offside despite the road carrying twotwo-way traffic. See paragraph 4.5.

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5.0

HEADROOM AT STRUCTURES

5.1 General At Overbridges and at other structures over a road, Table 7 gives the New Construction Headroom and Maintained Headroom varying between 5 5.03m 03m and 5.7m 5 7m (Clause 5 5.1). 1) Additional Headroom is to be provided: At location of vertical sag curves (Table 8) To allow for deflection of the structure (Clause 5.9) 5 9) Where required by Utility Companies. Headroom requirements are the minimum greater headroom may be provided if it is economical and / or environmentally acceptable (Clause 5.3). The relevant standard headroom is to be provided over: over: pavement width ( (carriageway, g y hard shoulder and or hard The full p strip). The full verge width unless protected by a safety fence (see Clause 5.6 (e) and Figure 1). The Th full f ll central t l reserve width. idth
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TABLE 7 STANDARD HEADROOM AT STRUCTURES

TYPE OF STRUCTURE Overbridges g Footbridges and Sign / Signal Gantries Free Standing Temporary Structures

NEW CONSTRUCTION HEADROOM (M) 5.30 5.70 N/A

MAINTAINED HEADROOM (M) 5.03 5.41 5.41

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FIGURE 1: HEADROOM AT STRUCTURES

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GUIDANCE ON WHICH ROAD STANDARD TO USE

1 Strategic Decision Government has decided on certain minimum standards for certain elements l t of f the th network. t k For F example, l the th National N ti lD Development l t Plan 2000 to 2006 contains a development strategy to develop the major national primary routes to Galway, Limerick, Cork, Waterford and to the border north of Dundalk Dundalk, to motorway / high quality dual carriageway standard in their entirety. This decision is aimed at providing a minimum level of service C on the major national primaries (i.e. average interinter-urban speed of 94kph on a dual carriageway and 105 kph on a motorway). This decision is based on national strategic considerations and not on traffic flows alone.

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GUIDANCE ON WHICH ROAD STANDARD TO USE

2 Rural Roads

Guidance for the layout features appropriate for various types of rural road d crosscross-sections ti i is given i i in T Table bl 4 of f TD 9/07 (Cl (Clause 6.2 6 2 of f TD 9/07). Table 4 gives recommendations for each road type under : Traffic Capacity for LOS D D (may need to be verified) Access Treatment Junction J ti Treatment T t t at t Minor Mi Roads R d Junction Treatment at Major Roads

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TABLE 4 FROM NRA TD 9: RECOMMENDED RURAL ROAD LAYOUTS

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GUIDANCE ON WHICH ROAD STANDARD TO USE

3 From the road scheme traffic studies the predicted design year AADT fl flows ( (normally ll t taken k as 15 years from f the th year of f opening) i ) should h ld not exceed the capacity for LOS D for the selected road cross crosssection and category of road. The chosen road type using traffic flows should then be checked against the achievement of recommended junction types, access treatment and environmental impacts.

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GUIDANCE ON WHICH ROAD STANDARD TO USE

4 UK DMRB The equivalent Table 4 in the UK TD 9/93 does not state any traffic capacities iti f for th the diff different t road d crosscross-sections. ti Withi Within the th advice d i note TA 46/97 in the UK Volume 5, recommended traffic flow ranges for new Rural Road Links are listed in Table 2.1 for the year of opening These flow ranges are given so that the resulting chosen opening. road cross section can be economically assessed. This procedure has not been adopted by the NRA.

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GUIDANCE ON WHICH ROAD STANDARD TO USE

5 URBAN ROADS As stated in Clause 6.3 of TD 9/07, it is not possible to tabulate overall layout characteristics for Roads in urban areas in the same way as for rural areas as the constraints of the existing urban fabric will result in Designs tailored to meet the site specific requirements requirements. . The capacity of the road scheme is likely to be controlled by the capacity of the junctions rather than the capacity of the link link. . Guidance on urban road cross cross-sections to use can be found by referring to: Road Cross Sections stated for different categories g of roads in local Road Authority Publications. Roads and Traffic in Urban Area as published by the Stationary Office in London. TA 79/99 in Volume 5 of the UK DMRB which gives guidance on traffic capacities of Urban Roads. TA 44/92 in Volume 5 of the UK DMRB which advises on capacities, queues etc at Road Junctions.
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