CHAPTER 4: MATHEMATICAL REASONING 1 (a) Write down a false statement using both of the following statements: Statement I : 23 = 6 Statement

II: 5 > 4 (b) State the antecedent and consequent of the implication. If h = 3, then h3 = 27 (a) Complete the conclusion in the following argument: Premise 1: All regular polygons have equal sides. Premise 2: PQRS is a regular polygon. Conclusion:__________________________________ [5 marks] 2 (a) (b) Write the converse of the implication below : If the gradient of the two straight line are the same, then they are parallel. Determine whether the following statement are true or false :(i) 9 is an odd number and 9 is a prime number (ii) 5 is a multiple of 10 or 10 is a multiple of 5 5, 14, 29, 50, is a list of number pattern and can be written as: 5 = 3(1) + 2 14 = 3(4) + 2 29= 3(9) + 2 50= 3(16) + 2 .. .. Make a general conclusion by induction regarding the list of number pattern based on the information above. [5 marks] 3 (a) State whether the following statements are true or false. (i) (ii)
a3 = a a a and 1 = 0.2 2

(c)

Number 5 is an odd number or number 2 is a prime number.

(b) State the antecedent and consequent of the implication: If y is less than zero, then y is a negative number. (c) Complete the following argument. Premise 1 : If y > 3, then 5y > 15. Premise 2 : _________________________________________ Conclusion : 5y > 15. [6 marks]

4.

(a) State whether each of the following statements is true or false. (i) A square has 4 right angles or a square has 2 axes of symmetry. (ii) 5 is a prime number and 19 is a factor of 29. (b) Write down Premise 2 to complete the following argument: Premise 1 : All square numbers are greater than zero. Premise 2 : . Consclusion : (x + 1) is greater than zero. (c) Write down two implications based on the following sentence: Two lines are parallel if and only if they have the same gradients. [ 5 marks] 5. (a) State why the sentence All factor of 12 are factors of 24 is a statement. (b) Complete the premise in the following argument. Premise 1 : Premise 2 : x is an obtuse angle. Conclusion : x > 90 [4 marks] 6. (a) Combine the following pair of statements to form a true statement. Statement I: An octagon has six sides. Statement II: 23 is a prime number. (b) Write down Premise 2 to complete in the following argument: Premis 1: If x = 4 , then x = 16. Premis 2:.. Conclusion: x 4

(c) Write down two implication based on the following statement: mn is an odd number if and only if m and n are odd numbers [ 6 marks] 7. (a)Determine whether the following sentence is a statement. 7 is not a factor of 40 (b) Write two implications from the following statement. P R if and only if P R = P (c) Make a general conclusion by induction for the following number pattern. 5 = 4(1) + 13 16 = 4(2) + 23 37 = 4(3) + 33 80 = 4(4) + 43

[5 marks]

8. (a) (i) (ii) (b)

State whether each of the following statement is true or false. 6 is a factor of 36 and 1 is a prime number. 2 ( 5) = 10 or 3 ( 6) = 18. Write down two implications based on the following statement. x2 < 25 if and only if 5 < x < 5.

(c)

Complete the premise in the following argument: Premise 1 Premise 2 Conclusion : : 2m + 5 13. : m 4. [6 marks]

9. (a)

State whether the following statement is true or false. 33 = 9 or

8 = 2

(b)

Write down two implications based on the sentence below. The inverse matrix of a 2 2 matrix exists if and only if the determinant is 0

(a)

Given the number sequence 3, 8, 15, 24, .. and 3 = 1 2 + 2(1) 8 = 2 2 + 2(2) 15 = 3 2 + 2(3) 24 = 4 2 + 2(4) Make a general conclusion by using the induction method for the numerical sequence above. [5 marks]

10

(a)

Complete the box in the answer space with and / or (i) This statement is TRUE. 23=5 This statement is FALSE. 23=5 2+3=5

(ii)

2+3=5

(b)

(i)

Complete the conclusion in the following argument: Premise 1: All parallel lines have equal gradient. Premise 2: PQ and RS are parallel lines. Conclusion:

(ii)

x O 2x DIAGRAM 5 Based on Diagram 5, complete the premise in the following argument: Premise 1: If x is an angle at the circumference, then the angle at the centre is 2x. Premise 2:.. Conclusion: Angle at the center is 250. [5 marks]

11

(a)

Complete the following mathematical sentence in the answer space by writing the symbol > or < in the box provided to make a true statement.
10

(b)

Complete the conclusion in the following argument: Premise 1 : If x is a factor of 12, then x is a factor of 24. Premise 2 : x is not a factor of 24. Conclusion : . Make a general conclusion by induction for the sequence
3, 3 3 3 , , ,... which follows the following pattern: 2 4 8
1 1

(c)

1 3 = ( 3) 2

3 1 = ( 3) 2 2 3 1 = ( 3) 4 2

2 1

3 1

3 1 = ( 3) 8 2

4 1

[5 marks] 12 (a) (b) State whether the following statement is true or false. 1 < 0 or 23 = 6 Complete the premise in the following argument: Premise 1: If a number is a multiple of 12, then the number is a multiple of 6. Premise 2: Conclusion: 28 is not a multiple of 12.

(c)

Make a general conclusion by induction for the sequence 5, 17, 37, 65, which follows the pattern below :

5 = 1 + 4(1)2 17 = 1 + 4(2)2 37 = 1 + 4(3)2 65 = 1 + 4(4)2 [5 marks] 13 a)Complete the following Mathematical sentences using > or < in the provided box to form: (i) a true statement -2 (ii) 1 12 b) Statement I Statement II c) Premis I Premis II Kesimpulan 32 2 13 : -6 - 7 = -13 : 51 is a prime number. : If a nnumber is the factor for 6, therefore the number is a factor for 48. :. : 3 is a factor for 48 ( 4 marks)

a false statement

Combine the two statements below to form a new true statement.

Complete the premise in the following argument:

14. (a) Using the object and feature below, write a true statement using the quantifiers all or some. Object: Even number. Feature: Divisible by 5 and 3. (b) State the converse of the implication below and determine its truth. If a triangle PQR is an isosceles triangle, then triangle PQR has two interior angles with the same size. (c) Complete the following premise: Premise 1: ______________________________________ Premise 2: Determinant of matrix P is zero. Conclusion: Matrix P does not have an inverse. [5 marks] 15. (a) Write the true statement using the quantifiers all or some using the object and feature below
Object : proper fraction Feature : value less than 1. (b) State the converse of the implication below: If the value of lies between 180 and 270,then cos = cos ( - 180) (c) 88, 82, 72, 58. . is a list of number pattern and can be written as: 88 = 90 2 1 82 = 90 2 4 72 = 90 2 9 58 = 90 2 16 Make a general conclusion by induction regarding the list of number pattern based on the information above. [4 marks]

16

(a) Complete the following mathematical sentences using symbol < or > in the boxes to construct statements which are false. (i) 7 9

(ii) 52 (b)

1112

Combine the two statements below using or / and to construct a compound statement which is true. Statement 1:9 is an even number Statement 2: 51 is a multiple of 3

(c) Complete the premise in the following argument: Premise 1 : If PQR is an equilateral triangle, then PQR has 3 axes of symmetry. Premise 2 : ___________________________________________________ Conclusion : PQR is not an equilateral triangle. 17. [5 marks] (a) Write the converse of the implication below:If the gradient of two straight lines are the same, then they are parallel. (b) Determine whether the following statements are true or false:(i) 9 is an odd number and 9 is a prime number (ii) 5 is a multiple of 10 or 10 is a multiple of 5. (c) 5, 14, 29, 50, is a list of number pattern and can be written as 5 = 3(1) + 2 14 = 3(4) + 2 29 = 3(9) + 2 50 = 3(16) + 2 Make a general conclusion by induction regarding the list of number pattern based on the information above. [5 marks] 15 a) (i) Complete each of the following statements with the quantifier all or some so that it will become a true statement. (a) .. sets with 2 elements will have 4 subsets. (b) .. prime numbers are divisible by 3. (ii) (a) If x < 2, then x < 7. State the antecedent and consequent of the above implication. (b) Write the converse of the above implication and hence determine whether its converse is true or false.

(c )

Based on the information below, make a general conclusion by induction. 12 = 2 (2) (2 + 1) 24 = 2 (3) (3 + 1) 40 = 2 (4) (4 + 1) 60 = 2(5) (5 + 1) [8 marks] <END OF QUESTION PAPER> Let us pursue victory!