VSEPR Handout PDF

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VSEPR Theory (Molecular Shapes)

A = the central atom, X = an atom bonded to A, E = a lone pair on A


Note: There are lone pairs on X or other atoms, but we don't care. We are interested in only the electron densities or domains around atom A.

Total
Domains 1 2

Generic Formula
AX AX2 AXE

Picture

Bonded Atoms
1 2 1 3

Lone Pairs
0 0 1 0

Molecular Shape
Linear Linear Linear Trigonal planar

Electron Geometry
Linear Linear Linear Trigonal planar

Example
H2 CO2

Hybridi -zation
s

Bond Angles
180

sp CNAlBr3

180

AX3

AX2E

Bent

Trigonal planar

SnCl2

sp2

120

AXE2

Linear

Trigonal planar

O2

AX4

Tetrahedral

Tetrahedral

SiCl4

AX3E

Trigonal pyramid

Tetrahedral

PH3 sp3 109.5

AX2E2

Bent

Tetrahedral

SeBr2

AXE3

Linear

Tetrahedral

Cl2

Total
Domains 5

Generic Formula
AX5

Picture

Bonded Atoms
5

Lone Pairs
0

Molecular Shape
Trigonal bipyramid

Electron Geometry
Trigonal bipyramid

Example
AsF5

Hybridi -zation

Bond Angles

AX4E

See Saw

Trigonal bipyramid

SeH4

sp3d AX3E2 3 2 T shape Trigonal bipyramid ICl3

90 and 120

AX2E3

Linear

Trigonal bipyramid

BrF2-

AX6

Octahedral

Octahedral

SeCl6

AX5E

Square pyramid

Octahedral

IF5

sp3d2

90

AX4E2

Square planar

Octahedral

XeF4

Notes

1. 2. 3. 4.

There are no stable AXE4, AX3E3, AX2E4 or AXE5 molecules. All bonds are represented in this table as a line whether the bond is single, double, or triple. Any atom bonded to the center atom counts as one domain, even if it is bonded by a double or triple bond. Count atoms and lone pairs to determine the number of domains, do not count bonds. The number of bonded atoms plus lone pairs always adds up to the total number of domains.

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