Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Delta Modulation
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dkishoreDifferential Pulse Code Modulation and Delta Modulation
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dkishoreELG3175
Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Delta Modulation
Differential PCM
In PCM, the data rate is Nfs, where fs = sampling rate and N = number of bits per sample. Consecutive samples are encoded independently. L = 2N is the number of quantization levels and depends on the dynamic range, -mp < m(nTs) < mp. When we sample at the Nyquist rate or higher, consecutive samples are correlated, which means the dynamic range of m(nTs)-mQ((n-1)Ts), is much smaller than the dynamic range of m(nTs). In differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), it is the difference between the current sample and the previous quantized sample that is encoded.
DPCM structure
m(nTs) +
c(nTs)
+ mQ(nTs) Q T=1
cQ(nTs) = c(nTs)+eQ(nTs) To encoder
+
DPCM Receiver
cQ(nTs) + T=1 mQ(nTs)
Advantages and disadvantages
Dynamic range of quantizer is smaller Same N (compared to PCM) Lower quantization noise Same quantization noise Lower N = Lower bit rate Error propagation If an error detecting mQ(nTs), this error is added into all future samples as current detected sample depends on previous ones.
Delta Modulation (DM)
Extreme version of DPCM. Difference between current sample and previous quantized sample is encoded by one bit. If m(nTs)-mQ((n-1)Ts)>0, transmitted bit = 1 If m(nTs)-mQ((n-1)Ts)<0, transmitted bit = 0. At receiver, if received bit = 1, receiver adds to previous quantized sample value to estimate current sample value If received bit = 0, receiver subtracts from previous quantized value to obtain current value.
Granular noise and slope overload in DM
Granular noise occurs when there are relative flat sections in m(t) and the encoder produces 1010101 output (effect of having a large ). Slope overload occurs when m(t) increases of decreases too rapidly for the receiver to keep up Results in the transmission of many 1s or many 0s in succession Solution: Adaptive DM (ADM).