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    Euclidean vs. Noneuclidean Geometry

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    Euclidean geometry is based on 5 axioms, including the parallel postulate that through a point not on a line there is exactly one parallel line. Non-Euclidean geometries reject this postulate, allowing multiple parallels (hyperbolic) or no parallels (spherical/elliptic). Key differences include the sum of angles in a triangle being less than/greater than 180 degrees in hyperbolic/spherical geometries respectively and the existence of multiple parallel lines through a point in hyperbolic geometry.

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    Euclidean vs. Noneuclidean Geometry

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    qtstar
    13K views3 pages
    Euclidean geometry is based on 5 axioms, including the parallel postulate that through a point not on a line there is exactly one parallel line. Non-Euclidean geometries reject this postulate, allowing multiple parallels (hyperbolic) or no parallels (spherical/elliptic). Key differences include the sum of angles in a triangle being less than/greater than 180 degrees in hyperbolic/spherical geometries respectively and the existence of multiple parallel lines through a point in hyperbolic geometry.

    Original Description:

    differences between euclidean and noneuclidean geometry

    Original Title

    Euclidean vs. nonEuclidean Geometry

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    Euclidean geometry is based on 5 axioms, including the parallel postulate that through a point not on a line there is exactly one parallel line. Non-Euclidean geometries reject this postulate, allowing multiple parallels (hyperbolic) or no parallels (spherical/elliptic). Key differences include the sum of angles in a triangle being less than/greater than 180 degrees in hyperbolic/spherical geometries respectively and the existence of multiple parallel lines through a point in hyperbolic geometry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    13K views3 pages

    Euclidean vs. Noneuclidean Geometry

    Uploaded by

    qtstar
    Euclidean geometry is based on 5 axioms, including the parallel postulate that through a point not on a line there is exactly one parallel line. Non-Euclidean geometries reject this postulate, allowing multiple parallels (hyperbolic) or no parallels (spherical/elliptic). Key differences include the sum of angles in a triangle being less than/greater than 180 degrees in hyperbolic/spherical geometries respectively and the existence of multiple parallel lines through a point in hyperbolic geometry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that Euclidean geometry follows five axioms, while non-Euclidean geometries reject or modify the parallel postulate. The two most common non-Euclidean geometries are spherical and hyperbolic geometry.

    The main differences are that in Euclidean geometry there is exactly one parallel line through a given point, while in hyperbolic there are many and in spherical there are none. Additionally, the sum of angles in a triangle is 180 degrees in Euclidean but different in the others.

    The two most common non-Euclidean geometries are spherical geometry, which is modeled on the surface of a sphere, and hyperbolic geometry, which is modeled on a saddle-shaped plane.

    GEOMETRY

    What are the differences between Euclidean


    and Non-Euclidean Geometry?

    1
    What are the differences between Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometry?

    Euclidean geometry was named after Euclid, a Greek mathematician who lived in 300 BC.

    His famous work, Elements, contain five (5) axioms of geometry, to wit:

    1. There is exactly one straight line containing two distinct points.


    2. Every straight line may be extended.
    3. Given two points, there is one and only one circle with one point a member of the
    circumference of the circle and the other point the centre of the circle.
    4. All right angles are equal.
    5. Given a straight line and a point not on the line, there exists one and only one straight line
    through the point which is parallel to the original line.

    The fifth one is also known as the Parallel Axiom is simple in essence but has caused debates
    among mathematicians and led to the development of what is known as Non-Euclidean
    geometry. The two most common non-Euclidean geometries are spherical geometry and
    hyperbolic geometry.

    Listed on the table below are some of the differences between Euclidean and Non-Euclidean
    geometries.

    Euclidean Non - Euclidean

    Lobatchevski G.F.B. Riemann


    5th Axiom/Parallel Axiom: Given a Given a straight line and a point not Given a straight line and a
    straight line and a point not on the on the line, there exists an infinite point not on the line, there
    line, there exists one and only one number of straight lines through the are no straight lines through
    straight line through the point which point parallel to the original line. the point parallel to the
    is parallel to the original line. original line.

    The sum of the angles of a triangle is The sum the angles of a triangle is The sum of the angles of a
    180 degrees. less than 180 degrees. triangle is always greater
    than 180 degrees.

    There is a model of a space in which A model is the surface of a


    this Lobatchevskian geometry is true: sphere.
    the saddle shaped plane.

    2
    Euclidean Non - Euclidean
    Hyperbolic Geometry Spherical Geometry
    In Euclidean geometry, given a point In hyperbolic geometry there are at In spherical geometry there
    and a line, there is exactly one line least two distinct lines that pass are no such lines.
    through the point that is in the same through the point and are parallel to
    plane as the given line and never (in the same plane as and do not
    intersects it. intersect) the given line.
    Definition of a line is “breadthless Lines are defined such that
    length" and a straight line being a the shortest distance
    line "which lies evenly with the between two points lies
    points on itself". along them. lines in
    spherical geometry are great
    circles. A great circle is the
    largest circle that can be
    drawn on a sphere. Great
    circles are lines that divide a
    sphere into two equal
    hemispheres.
    If two lines are parallel to a third line, This is false in hyperbolic geometry.
    then the two lines are parallel to each
    other.
    If two lines are parallel then, the two This is false in hyperbolic geometry.
    lines are equidistant.
    Lines that do not have an end This is false in hyperbolic geometry.
    (infinite lines), also do not have a
    boundary (a point that they are
    headed toward, yet never reach).

    Euclidean Non - Euclidean


    Hyperbolic Geometry Elliptic Geometry
    5th Axiom/Parallel Axiom: Given a Given a line L and a point P not on L, Given a line L and a point P
    line L and a point P not on L, there is there are at least two lines passing not on L, there are no lines
    exactly one line passing through P, through P, parallel to L. passing through P, parallel
    parallel to L. to L.

    References:
    http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/GenRel/Geometry.html
    http://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/NonEuclid/noneuclidean.html
    http://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/NonEuclid/NonEuclid.html
    http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/7997/noneuclid.html

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