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in 1

,e;jpa murpayikg;G
murpayikg;G vd;why; vd;d> xU ehl;L kf;fis Ml;rp GhpAk; mbg;gilahd murpay; Kiwiaf; $WtNj me;ehl;bd; murpayikg;G MFk;. murpd; jiyaha mq;fq;fshfpa rl;lkpaw;Wk; rig> eph;thfk;> ePjpj;Jiw Mfpatw;iwj; Njhw;Wtpj;J> mtw;wpd; mjpfhuq;fis tiuaWj;J> nghWg;Gfisg; gFj;J> gu];guk; mtw;Wf;F ,ilNaAk;> mtw;Wld; kf;fSf;Fk; cs;s cwTfis newpg;gLj;JtNj murpayikg;G MFk;. murpay; eph;za rig Fwpg;Gfs; 1. 1922y; kfhj;kh fhe;jp ,e;jpah;fSf;nfd murpay; rl;lk; cUthf;f Ntz;Lnkd fUjpdhh;. Nk 16 1946 - fhgpndl; J}Jf;FO murpay; eph;za rigia Fwpj;J mwpf;if ntspapl;lJ. 9 brk;gh; 1946 - lhf;lh;. rr;rpjhde;j; rpd;`h ,e;jpa murpay; eph;za rigapd; jw;fhypf jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. 11 brk;gh; 1946 - lhf;lh; uhN[e;jpu gpurhj; ,e;jpa murpay; eph;za rigapd; epue;ju jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. ,e;jpa murpay; eph;za rig 13 FOf;fis mikj;jJ. Njhuhakhd tiuT tp.vd;. uht; mth;fshy; jahhpf;fggl;lJ. Murpayikg;G Kd;Djhuzq;fs; vd;w jiyg;gpy; %d;W thpirfspy; jug;gl;l me;jg; gpd;dzp tptuq;fspy; Rkhh; mWgJ ehLfspd; murpay;

2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

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rl;lq;fspd; rpwg;Gf; $Wfs; njhFj;Jj; jug;gl;bUe;jd. lhf;lh;. gp.Mh;. mk;ngj;fh; jiyikapy; murpay; rl;l tiut[f;F xd;W 1947 Mf];l; 29Mk; njjp epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. 8. tiuTf;FO 7 cWg;gpdh;fis nfhz;lJ. jiyth;: gp.Mh;. mk;Ngj;fh; kw;w cWg;gpdh;fs;: Nfhghy];thkp Ia;aq;fhh;> Myb fpU~;z];thkp Iah;> Nf.vk;. Kd;rp> iraJ KfkJ rJyh> vd;. khjtuht;> b.b. fpU~;zkhr;rhhp. 1949 etk;gh; 26Mk; Njjp murpay; eph;za rig thapyhf ,e;jpa ,iwahz;ik kf;fshl;rpf; Fbaurpd; murpayikg;ig ,e;jpa kf;fs; ,aw;wp Vw;W nfhz;L jkf;Fj;jhNk mspj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. murpayikg;ig cUthf;Fk; ,khyag; gzpia %d;W Mz;LfSf;Fs;shfNt murpay; eph;zarig ntw;wpfukhf epiwNtw;wptpl;lJ. Kjy; nfhz;L ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

9.

10. 1950 [dthp 26k; Njjp eilKiwf;F te;jJ. ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; %yq;fs; %yq;fs; 1935k; rl;lk; Mz;L ,e;jpa

filgpbf;fg;gl;l tpjpfs;
murhq;f murpayikg;gpy; fpl;lj;jl;l 75% ,jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. Ml;rp mikg;gpd; mbg;gil> khepy cwTfis newpg;gLj;JtJ> mtru epiy gpufldk;. NewpKiw Nfl;ghLfs;. FbauR jiyth; Njh;th;> uh[;a rigapd;

Ihp~; murpay; mikg;G

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epakd cWg;gpdh;fs; FbauR jiytuhy; Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gLtJ.

fdlh murpay; mikg;G

$l;luR mikg;G> xd;wpa khepy muRfSf;F ,ilNaahd cwT> mjpfhug; gfph;T

M];jpNuypa murpay; mikg;G

xd;wpa-khepyg; nghJg;gl;bay;> xd;wpa-khepy cwT> thzpfk;> ehlhSkd;w chpikfs; mtru epiy gpufldj;jpd; NghJ mbg;gil chpikfis ePfF ; tJ
$l;lhl;rp> ePjpj;Jiwapd; jdpTAhpik> ePjpj;Jiwapd; kWghprPyid> mbg;gil chpikfs;> cah; ePjpkd;w> cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfis ePfF ; tJ Fwpj;J xw;iwf;FbTAhpik> rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp> rl;lk; ,aw;Wk; Kiw.

n[h;kd; murpay; mikg;G A.v];.v. murpay; mikg;G

gphpl;b~; murpay; mikg;G

Kfg;Giu nghUs;: Kfg;Giu vdg;gLtJ> ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lj;ij mwpKfk; nra;J itf;Fk; gFjpahFk;. NkYk; mr;rl;lj;jpd; nfhs;iffis Ghpe;J nfhs;sTk;> rl;lkd;wj;jpd; fUj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; rl;lj;jpd; Kfg;Giu nghpJk; cjTfpwJ. hP ngUghhp tof;fpy; Kfg;GiuahdJ murpayikg;gpd; xU gFjp MfhJ vd $wg;gl;lJ. (1960)

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Nfrthde;jghujp tof;fpy; cr;r ePjpkd;wk; ngUghhp tof;fpd; fUj;jpid kWj;J Kfg;GiuahdJ murpayikg;gpd; xU gFjpNa MFk; vd;W $wg;gl;lJ. (1973) 1976k; Mz;by; 42tJ murpay; jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,j;jpUj;jk; Kfg;Giuapy; %d;W nrhw;fis GFj;jp cs;sJ. mjhtJ rkjh;knewp> rkar; rhh;gpd;ik> kw;Wk; xUikg;ghL. ,e;jpah kw;Wk; mjd; vy;iyfs;: gFjp 1 ~uj;J xd;wpypUe;J ehd;F tiu FbThpik - gFjp 2 ~uj;J Ie;J Kjy; gjpndhd;W tiu FbThpik rl;lk; 1955y; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. NkYk; NkYk; 1986k; Mz;L ,r;rl;lk; jpUj;jg;gl;lJ. mbg;gil chpikfs; (~uj;J 12ypUe;J 35 tiu gFjpgFjp-3) mbg;gil chpikfspd; tifg;ghL: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. rkj;Jt chpik (~uj;Jfs; 14-18) Rje;jpu chpik (~uj;Jfs; 19-22) Ruz;lYf;nfjpuhd chpik (~uj;Jfs; 23-24) rka Rje;jpu chpik (~uj;Jfs; 25-28) fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; fy;tpapy; chpikfs; (~uj;Jfs; 29-30) murpayikg;G jPht ; opfs; ngw chpik (~uj;Jfs; 32-35) Nkw;gb mbg;gil chpikfspy; nrhj;Jhpik ePff ; g;gl;Ls;sJ. mjdhy; ~uj;J 19(i) (f) k; ~uj;J 31k; murpay; mikg;gpypUe;J vL;fg;gl;L ~uj;J 300A = apy; NrHf;ff;gl;Ls;sJ.

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,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpy; mbg;gil chpikfs; mikf;fg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fNk rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp eilngw Ntz;Lk;. rpWghd;ikNahh; eyd; ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ mbg;gil chpikfspd; kw;nwhU Nehf;fkhFk;. muR kw;Wk; muR rk;ge;jg;gl;l Jiwfs; jiyapLk;NghJjhd;> mbg;gil chpikfspd; Njitg;ghL vOk;. MjhtJ mbg;gil chpikfis muRf;F vjpuhfj; jhd; vOg;g KbAk;. jdp kdpj nray;fSf;F vjpuhf mbg;gil chpikfisf; Nfhu KbahJ. ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpy;> ePjpKiw kWrPuha;T mjpfhuk; gw;wp 13> 32> 226 Nghd;w ~uj;Jfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ~uj;J 14 rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; rl;lq;fspd; %yk; rk ghJfhg;G vd;w ,U nrhw;nwhlh;fSk;> ePjpapd; Ml;rpiaAk; rkePjpiaAk; Fwpf;fpd;wd. rl;lj;jpd;Kd; rkj;Jtk; vd;gjpy; xUikapy;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rl;lk; vd;gJ> ilrp vd;gth; Fwpg;gpl;l ePjpapd; Ml;rp my;yJ rl;lf; Nfhl;ghL my;yJ ePjpf; Nfhl;ghL vd;gijNa Fwpf;Fk;. ~uj;J 15 rhjp> rka> ,d> ghy;> gpwg;gpl NtWghLfspdhy; ghugl;rk; fhl;lhik. ~uj;J 16 rhjp> rka> ,d> ghy;> tk;rhtop> gpwg;gpl> ,Ug;gpl NtWghLfspdhy; kl;Lk; muRg;gjtpia my;yJ Ntiyiag; ngwj; jFjp ,y;iy vd;W ve;jf; FbkfDf;Fk; ghugl;rk; fhl;lf;$lhJ. 1992k; Mz;L etk;gh; 16k; Njjp kz;ly; fkp~d; ghpe;Jiuapd;gb gphptpdUf;F 27 r%fhPjpahfTk;> nghUshjhu hPjpahfTk; tpOf;fhL ,lxJf;fL P nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;jq;fpa

~uj;J 17 jPzl ; hik xopg;G - jPzl ; hikr; rl;lk; 1955> gpd;dh; ,jidNa rptpy; chpikfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; vd 1976y; khw;wg;gl;lJ. ~uj;J 18 gl;lq;fs; xopg;G vdpDk; uhZtj;jpYk; fy;tpj; JiwapYk; rhjid GhpNthUf;Fg; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ~uj;J 19 Rje;jpu chpik gl;lq;fs; toq;Ftjw;F tpjptpyf;F

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19 (1) a. Ngr;R kw;Wk; fUj;J ntspg;ghl;L Rje;jpuk; b. MAjq;fs; ,y;yhky; mikjpahff; $l;lk; $Ltjw;Fr; Rje;jpuk; c. rq;fq;fs; mikg;gjw;Fr; Rje;jpuk; d. ,e;jpa Ml;rpg;gFjpf;Fs; vy;yh ,lq;fSf;Fk; Ngha; tUtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; e. ,e;jpahtpd; ve;jg; gFjpapy; Ntz;LkhdhYk; trpf;fTk; FbapUg;gjw;Fk; Rje;jpuk; g. ve;jj; njhopiyNah> tpahghuj;ijNah> thzpfj;ijNah Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; 1978Mk; Mz;L nfhz;L tug;gl;l 44tJ murpay; rl;l jpUj;jj;jpw;F Kd;G nrhj;JhpikahdJ ~uj;J 31d; fPo; xU mbg;gil chpikahf ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; rpf;fy;fs; gy vOe;jjhy;> 44tJ murpay; rl;l jpUj;jkhdJ nfhz;Ltug;gl;L> mbg;gil chpikahf ,Ue;j nrhj;Jhpik> ~uj;J 300d; fPo; rhjhuz chpikahf;fg;gl;lJ. ~uj;J 31 ePff ; k; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Fw;wq;fSf;Fj; jz;lidaspg;gJ Fwpj;j ghJfhg;G: ~uj;J 20 ,e;jg; gphpT kpf Kf;fpakhdjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Vnddpy; mtru epiyapd; NghJk;$l gphpT 359d;gb Xh; Miz %yk; ,e;j chpikia epWj;jpitf;f KbahJ vd;W murpayikg;gpd; 42tJ jpUj;jr; rl;lk; $WfpwJ. ~uj;J 21 capUf;Fk; jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk; ghJfhg;G: rl;lj;jpdhy; eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kiwg;gb my;yhky; ve;j xU eghpd; capiuAk; jdpr; Rje;jpuj;ijAk; gwpf;f KbahJ vd;W murpayikg;gpd; 21MtJ gphpT cj;juthjkspf;fpwJ. ,JTk; mtru epiyapd;NghJk;$l gphpT 359d;gb Xh; Miz %yk; ,e;j chpikia epWj;jpitf;f KbahJ. ~uj;J 22 ifJ nra;ag;gLtjw;Fk;> fhtypy; itf;fg;gLtjw;Fk; vjpuhd ghJfhg;G.

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~uj;J 22 (1) jLg;Gf;fhty; rl;lk;. MNyhridf;FO NghJkhd fhuzk; ,Ug;gjhff; $wpdhy; xopa ve;jr; rl;lj;jpd; gbAk; jLg;G %d;W khjq;fSf;F Nky; Nghf mDkjpf;ff;$lhJ. mj;Jld;> jLg;Gf; fhtYf;F tifnra;Ak; ve;jr; rl;lkhdhYk;> mjpfgl;rk; vt;tsT fhyj;jpw;Fj; jLg;Gf; fhtypy; itf;fyhk; vd;gijAk; fz;bg;ghff; $wpahf Ntz;Lk;. ~uj;J 23 Ruz;lYf;F vjpuhd ghJfhg;G. rl;ltpNuhjkhf kdpjh;fis tpahghuk; nra;tJ> ngfh; eph;gg ; e;jg;gLj;jp Ntiy thq;FtJ Nghd;w Ruz;ly;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;G mspf;fpwJ. ~uj;J 24 14 taJf;F cl;gl;l rpWth;fisj; njhopw;rhiyfspNyh> Ruq;fq;fspNyh> gpw mghafukhd njhopy;fspNyh Ntiyf;F mkh;jJ ; tijj; jil nra;fpwJ. ~uj;J 25. Fbkf;fs;> vt;tpjf; fl;Lg;ghLk; ,d;wp ve;jr; rkaj;ijAk; Vw;fTk;> gpd;gw;wTk; gug;gTk; midtUf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; cz;L. ~uj;J 26. vy;yh rkaj;jtUf;Fk;> rkag; gphptpdUf;Fk;> rka kw;Wk; mwepiya mikg;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpg; guhkhpf;f> rkak; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tp~aq;fisj; jhNk eph;tfpj;Jf;nfhs;s> nrhj;Jf;fis thq;fp eph;tfpf;fj; Njitahd mbg;gil chpikia mspf;fpwJ. ~uj;J 27. ve;j xU Fwpg;gpl;l rkaj;jpd; tsh;rr ; pf;fhfTk;> guhkhpg;gpw;fhfTk; MFk; nryTfSf;fhf thp nrYj;JkhW ve;j xU egiuAk; fl;lhag;gLj;j KbahJ. ~uj;J 28. Kw;wpYk; murhq;f epjpapy; nray;gLk; fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; rka Nghjid $lhJ vd;W $WfpwJ. ~uj;J 29. ,e;jpahtpd; ve;jg; gFjpapNyDk; trpf;fpd;w Fbkf;fspd; ve;j xU gphptpdUk; jkf;nfd;W gpuj;Nafkhd nkhopiaNah> vOj;J tbtj;ijNah> gz;ghl;ilNah nfhz;lth;fshf ,Ue;jhy; mtw;iwg; Ngzpf;fhf;Fk; chpik mth;fSf;F cz;L. ~uj;J 30. rpWghd;ikapdh; rpWghd;ikapduhdhYk; nkhopr; midtUk; mth;fs; rkar; rpWghd;ikapduhdhYk; - mth;fs;

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tpUg;gj;jpw;F chpikAz;L.

Vw;g>

fy;tp

epWtdq;fis

cUthf;fp

eph;tfpg;gjw;F

~uj;J 32. 1. ePjpg;Nguhiz Ntz;Lk; kDit cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jhf;fy; nra;ahky;> xU egh; Neubahf cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpYk; jhf;fy; nra;ayhk;. 2. murpayikg;gpd; 3tJ gFjpapy; cj;jputhjkspf;fg;gl;Ls;s mbg;gil chpikfs; kPwg;gLk; nghOJ> cr;r ePjpkd;wk; ePjpg;Nguhiz ntspapl mjpfhuk; gilj;Js;sJ. 1. Ml;nfhzh;tpf;Fk; ePjpg;Nguhiz: rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghd Kiwapy; rpiwg;gpbj;J itf;fg;gl;ltiu tpLtpf;fr; nra;a ,t;thiz ,lg;gLfpwJ. nraYWj;Jk; ePjpNguhiz: nghJf;flikahd xU nraiy Xh; mjpfhhp my;yJ $l;likg;G my;yJ fPo; ePjpkd;wk; nra;aj; jtwpdhy; mf;flikiar; nra;a ,t;thiz ,lg;gLfpwJ. jilAWj;Jk; ePjpg;Nguhiz: fPo; ePjpkd;wNkh> Ml;rp mjpfhhpNah jk; mjpfhu tuk;ig kPwp my;yJ rl;l Kuzhf VNjDk; eltbf;if vLj;jhy;> mij Nkw;nfhz;L elj;jhky; nra;a> ,t;thiz ,lg;gLfpwJ. newpKiwAWj;Jk; ePjpg;Nguhiz: ePjpKiw rhh;ej ; mYty;fisr; nra;Ak; jPHg;ghaq;fs;> mjpfhhpfs;> jk; mjpfhu tuk;ig kPwp nray;gl;lhNyh mwKiwf;F khwhf eltbf;if vLj;jhNyh mtw;iw kW Ma;T nra;J ePff ; k; nra;tjw;nfd mit rk;ge;jkhd Mtzq;fisj; jkf;F mDg;GkhW ePjpkd;wk; MizapLtJjhd; newpKiwAWj;Jk; ePjpg;Nguhiz MFk;. jFjpKiw tpdTk; ePjpg;Nguhiz: nghJ mjpfhug; gjtpapy; cs;stiu mth; vj;jFjpapy; mg;gjtp tfpf;fpwhh; vd;w tpdtp> gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; Mizjhd; jFjpKiw tpdTk; ePjpg;Nguhiz MFk;.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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mbg;gilf; flikfs; 1976Mk; Mz;bd; murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; (42tJ jpUj;jk;) rl;lkhdJ> ,e;jpaf; Fbkf;fSf;F gj;J mbg;gilf; flikfspd; njhFg;gpid 51mwpKfg;gLj;jp cs;sJ. ,jw;fhf 51 -A vDk; xU ~uj;ijf; nfhz;l gFjp Gjpjhf murpay; mikg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,r;~uj;jpd; fPo; mg;gj;J mbg; mb g;gilf; flikfs; gpd;tUkhW $wg;gLfpwJ. gj;J Gjpjhf murpay; mikg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j ~uj;jpd; fPo; mg;gj;J mbg;gilf; flikfs; gpd;tUkhW $wg;gLfpwJ. 1. murpayikg;gpidg; gpd;gw;Wjy;> kw;Wk; mjd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;> mikg;Gfs;> Njrpaf;nfhb kw;Wk; ,tw;wpw;F khpahij nrYj;J ; jy;; 2. ekJ ehl;L tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij J}z;ba cah;ej ; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis gpd;gw;Wjy; kw;Wk; Nghw;wp tsh;jj ; y; 3. ,e;jpahtpd; xw;Wik> ,iwik kw;Wk; xUikg;ghl;il epiyepWj;jy; kw;Wk; ghJfhj;jy; 4. ehl;bidg; ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; miof;fg;gLk; nghOJ Njrpag; gzpGhpjy; 5. rkak;> nkhop kw;Wk; tl;lhuk; my;yJ gphpT NtWghLfisf; fle;J ,e;jpa kf;fSf;Fs; nghJ rNfhjuj;Jt czh;T kw;Wk; ,zf;fj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jjy;; ngz;fspd; Nkd;ikiaj; jho;jJ ; fpd;w gof;fq;fisj; Jwj;jy;. 6. ekJ gy;tifahd fyhr;rhuj;jpd; cah;ej ; ghuk;ghpaj;jpw;F kjpg;G mspj;jy; kw;Wk; NgZjy; 7. fhLfs;> Vhpfs;> MWfs; kw;Wk; td tho;fi ; f cs;spl;l ,aw;if Rw;Wg;Gw #oiy ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; Nkk;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; thOk; caphpdq;fSf;fhf ,uf;fk; nfhs;Sjy; 8. Ma;twpT tpisT epiy> kdpj eyk; kw;Wk; tprhuiz czh;T ; pUj;jq;fis Nkk;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; rPhj 9. nghJr; nrhj;Jf;F ghJfhg;G mspj;jy;;

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10. vy;yhj; JiwfspYk;> jdpkdpjd; kw;Wk; $l;Lr; nray;ghLfspd; Kjd;ik epiyia Nehf;fp KaYjy; kw;Wk; ,jdhy;> ehL Kaw;rpapd; cah;gb epiy rhjidfis Nehf;fp epiyahf caUfpwJ. ,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiyth; ~uj;J 52. ,e;jpahtpw;F xU FbauRj; jiyth; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; ,th; ,e;jpa murpd; jiytuhf tpsq;Ffpwhh; vd;Wk; murhq;fj;jpd; nrayhl;rp mjpfhuk; FbauRj; jiythplk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vdTk;> ,th; mt;tjpfhuj;ij ,e;jpa murpay; mikg;Gf;Fl;gl;L NeubahfNth> jdJ fPOs;s mjpfhhpfs; %ykhfNth nraYWj;jyhk; vd;W $WfpwJ. jFjpfs; 1. xU ,e;jpa FbkfdhfTk; 2. 35 taJ epuk;gpatuhfTk; 3. ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; kf;fs; rigf;Fg; Nghl;baplj; jFjp ngw;wtuhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 4. kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpNyh my;yJ VjhtnjhU khepy murhq;fj;jpNyh my;yJ Nkw;fz;l murhq;fq;fspd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; VjhtnjhU tl;lhu my;yJ gpw mjpfhu mikg;gpNyh Mjha mbg;gilapy; mike;j ve;j xU gjtpiaAk; tfpg;gtuhf ,Uj;jy; $lhJ. Cjpak; khjr;rk;gsk; - &.1>50>000 NkYk; thlif chpikAz;L. juhky; murhq;f FbapUg;ig gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s

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xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; Xh; cah;ej P pkd;wk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lnkd murpayikg;G tpjpf;fpwJ. vdpDk; rl;lk; ,aw;Wtjd; %yk;> ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l ; khepyq;fSf;F nghJthdjhfTk; my;yJ ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l khepyq;fSf;Fk; xU Neub Ml;rpg; gFjpf;Fk; nghJthdjhfTk;> Xh; cah;ej P pkd;wj;ij ehlhSkd;wk; cUthf;fyhk;. cr;rePjpkd;wj;ijg; NghyNt xt;Nthh; cah;ej P pkd;wKk; Xh; Mtz ePjpkd;wkhfj; jpfo;tJld;> %ytprhuiz tuk;G> Nky;KiwaPlL ; tprhuiz tuk;G Mfpatw;Wld;> ePjpkd;w mtkjpg;Gf;fhfj; jz;lid mspf;Fk; mjpfhuKk; cilajhfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

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cr;rePjpkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjpiaAk;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepy MSeiuAk; fye;jhNyhrpj;J> cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpd; ePjpgjpfisf; FbauRj; jiyth; epakdk; nra;fpwhh;. cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpd; jiyik ePjpgjpiaj; jtpu kw;w ePjpgjpfis epakpf;Fk;NghJ> cah;ej P pkd;w jiyik ePjpgjpiaAk;> FbauRj;jiyth; fye;jhNyhrpj;J KbntLg;ghh;. 62 tajhFk; tiu cah;ej P pkd;w ePjpgjpahfg; gjtpapy; ,Uf;fyhk;. cr;rePjpkd;w ePjpgjpiag; gjtp;ef P f ; k; nra;tjw;fhd eilKiwiag; gpd;gw;Wtjd; %yNk cah;ej P pkd;w ePjpgjpiaAk; gjtpePff ; k; nra;aKbAk;. khjr;rk;gsk; : njhd;D}W Mwhapuk; &gha; cr;rePjpkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjpiaf; fye;jhNyhrpj;J> Xh; cah;ej P p kd;wj;jpypUe;J ,d;Ndhh; cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpw;F ePjpgjpfisf; FbauRj; jiyth; ,lkhw;wk; nra;ayhk; vdpDk; cah;ej P pkd;w ePjpgjp xUtiu mtUila xg;Gjy; ,d;wp ,lkhw;wk; nra;af;$lhJ vd;W cr;rePjpkd;wk; jPhg ; g ; spj;jpUf;fpwJ. FbauRj;jiythpd; xg;Gjiyg; ngw;W> Xa;Tngw;w ePjpgjp xUtiu cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpy; nghWg;G ePjpgjpahf cah;ej P pkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjp epakpf;fyhk;. Xt;nthh; cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpw;Fk; jd;Dila mYtyh;fs; kPJ KOikahd fl;Lg;ghL ,Uf;Fk;. ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; Vida mYtyh;fspy; CjpaKk; kw;wgbfSk;> me;je;j khepyj;jpd; xUq;fpizg;G epjpaj;jpypUe;J toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpd; ePjptuk;G kw;Wk; mjpfhuq;fs; gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk; ePjpkd;wk;. ~uj;J 215 ~uj;J 227

vy;yh ePjpkd;wq;fisAk; Nkw;ghh;itapLk; mjpfhuk;.

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tof;Ffisj; jhNd vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; mjpfhuk;. rpy ePjpg;Nguhizfis ntspapLk; mjpfhuk;. nghJ ePjptuk;G. ~uj;J 225

~uj;J 228 226

~uj;J

mjpfhhpfisAk; Copah;fisAk; epakpf;Fk; mjpfhuk; Ml;rpnkhop

kj;jpa murpd; Ml;rpnkhop Njtehfhp vOj;JUtpYs;s ,e;jp Mf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> kj;jpa murpy; mYty; Kiw Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba vz;fspd; tbtk;> ,e;jpa vz;fspd; gd;dhl;L tbtkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> ~uj;J 343 (1) $WfpwJ.

,e;jpa murpayikg;G njhlq;fpa 15 Mz;L fhy msTf;F mj;jifa njhlf;fj;ij xl;b Kd;G Mq;fpy nkhop> kj;jpa murpd; ve;j mYty; Kiw Nehf;fq;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;jNjh me;j mYty; Kiw Nehf;fq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; ,J njhlh;eJ ; gad;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Mdhy; Nkw;nrhd;d fhy mstpd; NghJ> kj;jpa murpd; mYty;Kiw Nehf;fq;fspy; vjw;fhfNtDk; Mq;fpy nkhopNahLk; $l Njtehfhp tbt vz;fisAk; (,e;jp nkhop vz;fs;) gad;gLj;Jtjw;F FbauRj; jiyth; Miz thapyhf mjpfhukspf;fyhk; vd ~uj;J 343 (2) $WfpwJ.

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