MP1 WWW
MP1 WWW
MP1 WWW
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Assignment - Chapter 1
Due: 11:59pm on Thursday, January 14, 2010
Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy [Return to Standard Assignment View]
acceleration and mass acceleration and time acceleration and charge mass and time mass and charge time and charge Correct
), and time ( ). A combination of these three dimensions suffices to express any physical quantity, because when a new physical quantity is
needed (e.g., velocity), it always obeys an equation that permits it to be expressed in terms of the units used for these three dimensions. One then derives a unit to measure the new physical quantity from that equation, and often its unit is given a special name. Such new dimensions are called derived dimensions and the units they are measured in are called derived units. For example, area where has derived dimensions . (Note that "dimensions of variable " is symbolized as . Plugging this into the equation gives . .) You can find these dimensions by looking at the formula for the area of a square ,
Part B Find the dimensions Hint B.1 of volume. Equation for volume Hint not displayed Express your answer as powers of length ( ), mass ( ANSWER: = Correct ), and time ( ).
Part C Find the dimensions Hint C.1 of speed. Equation for speed Hint not displayed Hint C.2 Familiar units for speed Hint not displayed Express your answer as powers of length ( ), mass ( ANSWER: = Correct ), and time ( ).
The dimensions of a quantity are not changed by addition or subtraction of another quantity with the same dimensions. This means that as speed.
, which comes from subtracting two speeds, has the same dimensions
It does not make physical sense to add or subtract two quanitites that have different dimensions, like length plus time. You can add quantities that have different units, like miles per hour and kilometers per hour, as long as you convert both quantities to the same set of units before you actually compute the sum. You can use this rule to check your answers to any physics problem you work. If the answer involves the sum or difference of two quantities with different dimensions, then it must be incorrect. This rule also ensures that the dimensions of any physical quantity will never involve sums or differences of the base dimensions. (As in the preceeding example, quantitiy.) A valid dimension will only involve the product or ratio of powers of the base dimensions (e.g. ). is not a valid dimension for a physical
Part D
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), and time ( ).
Part A At what time(s) do the rockets have the same velocity? Hint A.1 How to determine the velocity Hint not displayed ANSWER:
Part B At what time(s) do the rockets have the same x position? ANSWER: at time at time at times only only and and
Part C At what time(s) do the two rockets have the same acceleration? Hint C.1 How to determine the acceleration Hint not displayed ANSWER:
Part D The motion of the rocket labeled A is an example of motion with uniform (i.e., constant) __________. ANSWER: and nonzero acceleration
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Part E The motion of the rocket labeled B is an example of motion with uniform (i.e., constant) __________. ANSWER: and nonzero acceleration velocity displacement time Correct
Part F At what time(s) is rocket A ahead of rocket B? Hint F.1 Use the diagram Hint not displayed ANSWER:
Determining the proper number of significant figures is straightforward, but there a few definite rules to follow. These are summarized in this tactics box.
TACTICS BOX 1.6
It is acceptable to keep one or two extra digits during intermediate steps of a calculation. The goal here is to minimize round-off errors in the calculation. But the final answer must be reported with the proper number of significant figures. 1. When multiplying or dividing several numbers, or when taking roots, the number of significant figures in the answer should match the number of significant figures of the least precisely known number used in the calculation. 2. When adding or subtracting several numbers, the number of decimal places in the answer should match the smallest number of decimal places of any number used in the calculation. 3. It is acceptable to keep one or two extra digits during intermediate steps of a calculation, as long as the final answer is reported with the proper number of significant figures. The goal here is to minimize round-off errors in the calculation. But keep only one or two extra digits, not the seven or eight shown in your calculator display.
Part A Your bedroom has a rectangular shape, and you want to measure its area. You use a tape that is precise to 0.001 and find that the shortest wall in the room is 3.547 long. The tape, however, is too short to measure the length of the second wall, so you use a second tape, which is longer but only precise to 0.01 . You measure the second wall to be 4.79 long. Which of the following numbers is the most precise estimate that you can obtain from your measurements for the area of your bedroom? Hint A.1 Find how many significant figures should be in your answer Hint not displayed ANSWER:
Part B Using the measurements described in Part A, which of the following numbers is the most precise estimate for the perimeter of your bedroom? Hint B.1 Find how many decimal places should be in your answer Hint not displayed
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ANSWER:
Part C If your bedroom has a circular shape, and its diameter measured 6.32 Hint C.1 The area of a circle Hint not displayed Hint C.2 Find how many significant figures should be in your answer Hint not displayed ANSWER: , which of the following numbers would be the most precise value for its area?
, you need to first divide the diameter by 2, then multiply your result by itself (or take the square of it), and finally multiply everything by :
Since here the number 2 and are exact numbers, they do not change the accuracy of the measured numbers involved in the calculation. Therefore, your answer should be expressed to the same number of significant figures as that used in the given diameter.
Express your answer in centimeters to three significant figures. ANSWER: 82.3 Correct
Sometimes you will need to change units twice to get the final unit that you want. Suppose that you know how to convert from centimeters to inches and from inches to feet. By doing both, in order, you can convert from centimeters to feet. Part B Suppose that a particular artillery piece has a range Hint B.1 Convert yards to feet Hint not displayed Express your answer in miles to three significant figures. ANSWER: 9520 = 5.41 Correct = 9520 . Find its range in miles. Use the facts that and .
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Often speed is given in miles per hour ( Part C What is the speed of a car going and Hint C.1 .
), but in physics you will almost always work in SI units. Therefore, you must convert
).
in SI units? Notice that you will need to change from miles to meters and from hours to seconds. You can do each conversion separately. Use the facts that
Hint C.2
Express your answer in meters per second to three significant figures. ANSWER: = 0.447 Correct
. It might be valuable to remember this, as you may frequently need to convert from miles per hour into more useful SI units. By
remembering this relationship in the future, you can reduce this task to a single conversion.
Consistency of Units
In physics, every physical quantity is measured with respect to a unit. Time is measured in seconds, length is measured in meters, and mass is measured in kilograms. Knowing the units of physical quantities will help you solve problems in physics. Part A Gravity causes objects to be attracted to one another. This attraction keeps our feet firmly planted on the ground and causes the moon to orbit the earth. The force of gravitational attraction is represented by the equation , where force are Hint A.1 is the magnitude of the gravitational attraction on either body, , the units of mass are , and the units of distance are and are the masses of the bodies, is the distance between them, and is the gravitational constant. In SI units, the units or
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B One consequence of Einstein's theory of special relativity is that mass is a form of energy. This mass-energy relationship is perhaps the most famous of all physics equations: , where units of Hint B.1 is mass, is the speed of the light, and is the energy. In SI units, the units of speed are . For the preceding equation to have consistent units (the same units on both sides of the equation), the
must be which of the following? How to approach the problem Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
Correct
To solve the types of problems typified by these examples, we start with the given equation. For each symbol whose units we know, we replace the symbol with those units. For example, we replace with . We now solve this equation for the units of the unknown variable.
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Correct
Part B 62.1 Express your answer using one significant figure. ANSWER: =3
Correct
Part C 0.620 Express your answer using one significant figure. ANSWER: =3
Correct
Part D 0.062 Express your answer using one significant figure. ANSWER: =2
Correct
ANSWER:
Part B Determine the sign (positive or negative) of the velocity for the particle in the figure. ANSWER: Negative Positive Correct
Part C Determine the sign (positive or negative) of the acceleration for the particle in the figure. ANSWER: Negative Positive Correct
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Part A Determine the sign (positive or negative) of the position for the particle in the figure in the textbook.
ANSWER:
Part B Determine the sign (positive or negative) of the velocity for the particle in the figure. ANSWER: Positive Negative Correct
Part C Determine the sign (positive or negative) of the acceleration for the particle in the figure. ANSWER: Positive Negative Correct
To add
to
1. Draw
at the tip of
to the tip of
. This is vector
Part A Create the vector by following the steps in the Tactics Box above. When moving vector , keep in mind that its direction should remain unchanged.
The location, orientation, and length of your vectors will be graded. ANSWER:
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View Correct
Part B Create the vector by following the steps in the Tactics Box above. When moving vector , keep in mind that its direction should remain unchanged.
The location, orientation, and length of your vectors will be graded. ANSWER:
View Correct
To subtract
from
1. Draw
at the tip of
to the tip of
. This is vector
Part A Find vector by following the steps in the tactics box above. When drawing , keep in mind that it has the same magnitude as but opposite direction.
The location, orientation, and length of your vectors will be graded. ANSWER:
View Correct
Part B Find vector by following the steps in the tactics box above. When drawing , keep in mind that it has the same magnitude as but opposite direction.
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ANSWER:
View Correct
ANSWER:
Problem 1.18
The figure shows the motion diagram of a drag racer. The camera took one frame every 2 .
View Correct
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ANSWER: The position of the object is increasing to the right with time, and its speed is decreasing. The position of the object is not changing in time. The position of the object is increasing to the right with time, and its speed is increasing. The position of the object is increasing to the left with time, and its speed is increasing. Correct
Motion diagrams
Represent the moving object as a particle. Make simplifying assumptions when interpreting the problem statement. motion diagram consists of:
VISUALIZE: A complete
The position of the object in each frame of the film, shown as a dot. Use five or six dots to make the motion clear but without overcrowding the picture. More complex motions may need more dots. The average velocity vectors, found by connecting each dot in the motion diagram to the next with a vector arrow. There is one velocity vector linking each set of two position dots. Label the row of velocity vectors . The average acceleration vectors, found using Tactics Box 1.3. There is one acceleration vector linking each set of two velocity vectors. Each acceleration vector is drawn at the dot between the two velocity vectors it links. Use to indicate a point at which the acceleration is zero. Label the row of acceleration vectors .
Model It is appropriate to use the particle model for the car. You should also make some simplifying assumptions. Part A The car's motion can be divided into three different stages: its motion before the driver realizes he's late, its motion after the driver hits the gas (but before he sees the police car), and its motion after the driver sees the police car. Which of the following simplifying assumptions is it reasonable to make in this problem? A. B. C. D. During each of the three different stages of its motion, the car is moving with constant acceleration. During each of the three different stages of its motion, the car is moving with constant velocity. The highway is straight (i.e., there are no curves). The highway is level (i.e., there are no hills or valleys).
Enter all the correct answers in alphabetical order without commas. For example, if statements C and D are correct, enter CD. ANSWER: ACD Correct
In addition to the assumptions listed above, in the rest of this problem assume that the car is moving in a straight line to the right.
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Visualize
Part B In the three diagrams shown to the left, the position of the car at five subsequent instants of time is represented by black dots, and the car's average velocity is represented by green arrows. Which of these diagrams best describes the position and the velocity of the car before the driver notices he is late?
ANSWER:
A B C Correct
Part C Which of the diagrams shown to the left best describes the position and the velocity of the car after the driver hits the gas, but before he notices the police officer? ANSWER: A B C Correct
Part D Which of the diagrams shown to the left best describes the position and the velocity of the car after the driver notices the police officer? ANSWER: A B C Correct
Part E Which of the diagrams shown below most accurately depicts the average acceleration vectors of the car during the events described in the problem introduction?
ANSWER:
A B C Correct
You can now draw a complete motion diagram for the situation described in this problem. Your diagram should look like this:
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Part A What is the direction of the acceleration of the object at moment 5? Hint A.1 How to approach the problem Hint not displayed Hint A.2 Definition of acceleration Hint not displayed Hint A.3 Change of velocity: a graphical interpretation Hint not displayed Enter the letter of the arrow with this direction from the compass rose in the figure. Type Z if the acceleration vector has zero length. ANSWER: A Correct
Part B What is the direction of the acceleration of the object at moments 0 and 10? Hint B.1 Find the direction of the velocity Hint not displayed Hint B.2 Definition of acceleration Hint not displayed Hint B.3 Applying the definition of acceleration Hint not displayed Enter the letters corresponding to the arrows with these directions from the compass rose in the figure, separated by commas. Type Z if the acceleration vector has zero length. ANSWER: directions at time step 0, time step 10 = D,F Correct
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Correct
ANSWER:
Problem 1.11
Part A Figure shows two dots of a motion diagram and vector . Draw the vector if the acceleration vector at dot 2 points up.
Draw the vector with its tail at the dot 2. The orientation of your vectors will be graded. The exact length of your vectors will not be graded but the relative length of one to the other will be graded. ANSWER:
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View Correct
Part B Figure shows two dots of a motion diagram and vector . Draw the vector if the acceleration vector at dot 2 points down.
Draw the vector with its tail at the dot 2. The orientation of your vectors will be graded. The exact length of your vectors will not be graded but the relative length of one to the other will be graded. ANSWER:
View Correct
Problem 1.12
Part A Figure shows two dots of a motion diagram and vector . Draw the vector if the acceleration vector at dot 3 points to the right.
Draw the vector with its tail at the dot 3. The orientation of your vector will be graded. The exact length of your vector will not be graded but the relative length of one to the other will be graded. ANSWER:
View Correct
Part B Figure shows two dots of a motion diagram and vector . Draw the vector if the acceleration vector at dot 3 points to the left.
Draw the vector with its tail at the dot 3. The orientation of your vector will be graded. The exact length of your vector will not be graded but the relative length of one to the other will be graded. ANSWER:
View Correct
Problem 1.55
The figure shows a motion diagram of a car traveling down a street. The camera took one frame every 10 . A distance scale is provided.
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ANSWER:
View Correct
Problem 1.10
Part A Find the average acceleration vector at point 1 of the threepoint motion diagram shown in the figure. Draw the acceleration vector with its tail at the dot. The orientation of your vector will be graded. The exact length of your vector will not be graded.
ANSWER:
View Correct
Part B Is the object's average speed between points 1 and 2 greater than, less than, or equal to its average speed between points 0 and 1? ANSWER: greater less equal Correct
True
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False Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 96.3%. You received 28.9 out of a possible total of 30 points.
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