IS 5553 ( Part 3 ):1990

( Reaffirmed 1998 )

Indian Standard REACTORS PART 3 CURRENT-LIMITING (

SPECIFICATION

REACTORS AND NEUTRAL EARTHING REACTORS

First Revision )
1994

First Reprint JANUARY

UDC

621316935

BIS 1990

BUREAU
MANAK

OF
BHAVAN, 9

INDIAN
BAHADUR NEW DELHI

STANDARDS
SHAH 110002 Price Cramp 3 ZAFAR MARG

September 1990

Transformers Sectional Committee, ETD 16

FOREWORD ThisIndian Standard ( Part 3 ) ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 18 January 1990, after the draft finalized by the Transformers Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division Council. This standard was first published in 1970. This revision has been undertaken with a view to bringing it in line with the revision of IEC Pub. 289 - 1988 Reactors, issued by the International Electrotechnicai Commission ( IEC ). In this revision, the requirements for reactors have been covered in eight parts as follows: Part 1 : Part2: Part3: Part 4 : Part 5 : Part 6 : Part7: Part 8 :
General

Shunt reactors Current limiting and neutral earthing reactors Damping reactors Tuning reactors Earthing transformers (neutral couples ) Arc suppression reactors Smoothing reactors

This standard ( Part 3 ) has been based on IEC Pub 289 ( 1988 ) Reactors ( Second Edition, 1988 ), Section Three, Current-limiting reactors and neutral-earthing reactors, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ). This part shall be read in conjunction with Part 1 of this standard. is also given in Part 1 of this standard. A list of referred standards for power

In this standard, references has been made to IS 2026 ( Parts 1 to 4 ) specification transformers* which is, therefore, a necessary adjunct to this specification.

The reactors meant for continuous duty may be overloaded under certain conditions. In the absence of any Indian Standard guide on the subject at present, this aspect may be checked with the manufacturer.

Indian Standard
PART 3 CURRENT-LIMITING ( 1 SCOPE ( Part 3 ) applies to reactors intended for limiting the current under-system fault condition, such as: a) Current Limiting Reactors Reactors intended for limit:ng the short time current and during normal operation, a continuous current flows through the current limiting reactor. b) Neutral-Earthing Reactors
1.1 This standard REACTORS

IS 5553 ( Part 3 ) : 1990

REACTORS - SPECIFICATION
AND NEUTRAL EARTHING REACTORS

First Revision )
2 REFERENCES
2.1 The

Indian Standards listed in Annex A of Part 1 of this standard are necessary adjuncts to the standard.

3 TERMINOLOGY 3.0 For the purpose of this standard the following definitions shall apply. 3.1 Rated Continuous Current, IN The current at rated frequency flowing through the terminals of the winding which the reactor is designed to carry continuously. Unless otherwise specified, no rated continuous current ia specified for neutral-earthing reactors. 3.2 Rated Short-Time Current, IKN The rms value of the steady-state symmetrical component of the short-time current at rated frequency to be carried for a specified duration for which the reactor is designed and which the reactor may withstand without undue heating or excessive mechanical stresses.
NOTE - The rated short-time from system fault conditions. current is derived

( Part 3 ),

Single-phase reactors for three-phase system, connected between the neutral of a system and earth, for limiting the line-to-earth current under system fault conditions_. Neutral earthing reactors generally carry no, or only a small continuous current. 1.1.1 Depending on their application, for other purposes may also be covered section. These reactors are, for example: the reactors in this

a) Load sharing reactors for balancing current in parallel circuits, and

b) Starter reactors connected in series to an ac motor for limiting the starting current. 1.1.2 Design With regard to design and installation, limiting reactors may be classified as: a) Single-phase or three-phase, b) Dry-type or oil-immersed type, c) With air core or without core, and d) With or without shield: current-

3.3 Rated Short-Time Current Doration, tKN

Duration of the rated short-time which the reactor is designed. 3.4 Rated Impedance, ZXN

current

for

The specified impedance in ohms per phase at rated frequency and rated short-time current. 3.4.1 For a three-phase current-limiting reactor or three-phase bank of single-phase reactor, the rated impedance is the average of the three single-phase impedances.
NOTE - In a three-phase current-limiting reactor, or a bank of single-phase reactors, the magnetic coupling between phases causes the virtual impedance per phase to be different from the rated impedance as defined above. This is of minor practical importance if the coupling factors are below 5 percent.

gapped

iron

1) With or without taps, and: 2) For indoor or outdoor installation.

shield of current-limiting reactor is generally designed to be saturated when the reactor carries a high short-time current. 2 Since an unshielded dry type current-limiting reactor generates a high magnetic stray field when it carries a high short-time current, the location of the phase windings and their location-relative to other apparatus and to metallic structures shall be considered with a view to minimizing possible effects, such as, undue heating of adjacent metallic parts or dangerous forces on them during shorttime current.
NOTE 1 The magnetic

4 INSULATION LEVEL 4.1 The provisions shall apply. of IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981

4.2 Insulation Requirements for Corrent-Limiting Reactors The insulation requirements between phases and to earth shall generally correspond to the highest 1

IS

5553( Part 3 ) : 1990 facturer shall, on request, supply information on the coupling factors or mutual reactances between phases under short-time current conditions.
NOTE - For certain types of reactors, direct measurement of this quantity is difficult ( see 9.11 ).

voltage of equipment U, of the system in which the reactor is to be installed. The insulation requirements across the winding may be specified lower, particularly if surge arresters are connected in parallel -with the winding. It is recommended that the rated voltage of the surge arrester is selected not less than 1.2 times the voltage developed across the reactor by the rated short-time current. 4.3 Insulation Requirements for Neutral Eartbing Reactors The insulation requirements of a neutral earthing reactor shall correspond to insulation of the neutral of the system in which the reactor is to be installed. For the-earth terminal, the selection of a reduced insulation level may be appropriate ( non-uniform insulation ). ;;;;y;Ty TO WITHSTAND SHORT-TIME

7 TEMPERATURE-RISE 7.1 Temperatore-Rise at Rated Continuous Current The temperature-rise limits given in 3 of IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) : 1977 and IS 11171 : 1985, shall apply. 7.2 Temperature after Shbrt-Time Current Loading The temperature of the winding after short-time current loading shall not exceed the values prescribed for transformer windings under shortcircuit conditions in 9.1.4 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977. 8 RATING PLATES

5.1 The current limiting reactors and neutralearthing reactors shall be designed to withstand the thermal and dynamic effect of the rated short-time current and for the rated short-time current duration. 6 RATINGS 6.1 Rated Continuous Current Unley otherwise specified, the rated continuous current is a symmetrical three-phase current. 6.2 Rated Short-Time Current The rated short-time current shall be specified not less than the highest value of current under recognized system fault conditions. 6.3 Rated Short-Time CurrentDnration Unless otherwise specified, the short-time current duration shall be for: a) Current limiting reactors : 2 seconds, and b) Neutral-earthing reactors: 10 seconds.
several successive faults may occur within a short period of time, the duration, the interval 6f time between applications, and the number of applications shall he spectfled by the purchaser. The rated short-time duration shall be selected accordingly.
NOTE -If

8.1Each reactor shall be~provided with a rating

plate of weather-proof visible position, showing indicated below. . material, fitted in a the appropriate items

The sentries on the plate shall be indelibly marked ( for example, by etching, engraving or stamping ). 8.1.1 Information to be given in all cases: a) Type of reactors, b) Number of this specification*

4 d) 4 f) g) h) 3 k) 4
p) q) r) s) t)

Indication

of the source of manufacture serial number,

Manufacturers

m>

6.4 Rated Impedance The value of rated impedance shall be specified together with the rated short-time current in accordance with the system parameters and the recognized cases of system faults. This quantity has the character of a necessary minimum value. For a reactor with magnetic shield, the impedance for continuous current shall also be stated by the manufacturer, be measured, and shall be given on the nameplate. For a three-phase reactor, or a bank of separate reactors with defined installation, the manu3

Year of manufacture, Highest voltage of equipment, Insulation level, Rated frequency, Number of ~phases, Impedance ( measured value ) ( at rated continuous current ), Rated continuous current, Rated short-time current and specified duration, Type of cooling, Total mass, Mass of insulating oil, Mass of core atid winding assembly, and Temperature-rise in oil for which the reactor is designed. information to be given in

8.1.2 Additional certain cases:

a) Temperature class of insulation type reactors ); b) Temperature

( for dry-

rise ( if not a normal value );

IS 5553 ( Part 3 ) : 1990 Insulation requirements for the earth terminal of winding with non-uniform insulation; Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage across the winding when surge arresters are connected in parallel with the winding ( for current-limiting reactors ); Transportation mass ( for reactors exceeding 5 t total mass ); Untaking mass ( for reactors exceeding 5 t total mass >; liquid, if not mineral oil; and Details regarding tappings, if any. of impedance 9.11 >; and b) Measurement ( see 9.12 ). 9.5 Measurement ous Current at short-time of acoustic current sound ( see level

of the Impedance

at Contiau-

4 f)

Ii9 Insulating
h)
9 TESTS

9.5.1 The impedance shall be measured at rated For single-phase reactors and threefrequency. phase banks of single-phase reactors, the impedance shall be measured at single-phase excitation and the impedance is the average of three single-phase impedances. 9.5.2 The impedance of a three-phase reactor where the magnetic coupling factors are higher than 5 percent shall be measured by applying a system of symmetrical voltages to the star-connected phase windings. 9.5.3 The impedance shall then be taken as: Line-to-line applied voltage Average measured current -7
NOTE -For reactors without magnetic shield, test shall also verify the rated impedance. this

9.1For general requirements

and special tests, the provision ( Part 1 > : 1977, shall apply.

for type, routine of 16.1 of IS 2026

9.2 Type Tests The following shall constitute the type tests: a) Measurement of winding resistance [ see 16.2 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1; b) Measurement of insulation resistance [ see 16.6 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1; c) Measurement of impedance of continuous current if applicable ( see 9.5 ); d) (&;,,rrent . . ; of loss, if applicable test test [ see

9.6 Measurement of Loss 9.6.1 This measurement applies only on reactors where a continuous current is specified. The measurement shall be done -at rated frequency. 9.6.2 The method for determination of loss is subject to agreement, satisfactory documentation regarding accuracy and reliability of the proposed method shall be provided. 9.6.3 As the power factor of a current-limiting reactor is normally very low, loss measurement using conventional wattmeter methods may be subject to considerable errors. 9.6.4 A bridge method age. may be used to advant-

voltage withstand e) Separate-source ( see 9.7 ); withstand overvoltage f) Induced ( see 9.8 ); g) Measurement of insulation resistance 16.6 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) ; 1977 1; h) Temperature-rise test at rated current ( see 9.9 ); and j) Lightning impulse test ( see9.10 9.3 Routine Tests

continuous ).

The following shall constitute routine tests: 4 Measurement of winding resistance [ see 16.2 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1; b) Measurement of insulation resistance [ see 16.6 of IS 2026 (Part 1 ) : 1977 1; 4 Measurement of the impedance of continuous current, if applicable ( see 9.5 ); of loss, if applicable 4 Measurement ( see 9.6 ); and e) Separate-source voltage withstand test ( see 9.7 ); f) 19n$ced overvoltage withstand test ( see . . 9.4 Special Tests The following shall constitute the special tests: a) Short-time current test and measurement 3

9.6.4.1 For reactors without magnetic shield, the measurement may be made at any current and corrected to rated continuous current. For temperature correction, refer to 16.4 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977. 9.6.4.2 For reactors with magnetic shield, the lossin the various parts of the reactor ( laR loss, iron loss and additional loss ) may not be sepaIt is thus preferable, in rated by measurement. order to avoid corrections to reference temperature, to perform the measurement when the average temperature of windings is practically equal to the reference temperature. This measurement may be made temperature-rise test, fo;J example. during the

If several units are to be tested, it is recommended that the unit which receives loss measurement as a type test at nearly reference temperature shall be measured at ambient

IS S553( Part 3 ) : 1990 temperature also. Remaining units shall then be measured at ambient temperature only and their loss figure shall be corrected to reference temperature by the same ratio as measured on the type-tested unit. 9.7 Separrte Source Voltage Withstand Test 9.7.1 The test shall be generally carried out in accordance with 10 of IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) ; 1981. 9.7.2 The test voltage shall be applied: a) between each winding t and earth, and b) between different windings. 9.8 InducedOvervoltage Withstand Test 9.10 Lightning Impulse Test 9.10.1 For general information, refer to I2 of IS 2026 (Part 3 ) : 1981 and IS 11171 : 1985. 9.10.2 Current -Limiting Reactors The test voltage is applied to each terminal of the tested winding in turn while the other terminal is earthed. The terminals of the other windings shall also be earthed. If reduced insulation requirements .across the winding are specified, the lightning impulse test procedure shall be subject to agreement between purchaser and manufacturer. 9.10.3Neutral-Earthing Reactors For neutral-earthing reactors, the test voltage is applied to the terminal which is to be connected to the transformer neutral whereas the other terminal is earthed. The duration of the front time may be in?reased up $0 13 seconds.
NOTE - The correct time to half value may not be achievable. This should normally be accepted.

9.8.1 The test shall be performed in accordance With 11.1of IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981. The test voltage shall be twice the voltage occurring across the winding at ratedshort-time current. 9.8.2 If the power and the voltage requirements for this test exceed those available at the test station, the test shall be replaced by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer by a lightning impulse test. 9.9 Temperatare-Rise Test at Rated Continuous Current The test shall be generally carried out in accordance with IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) : 1977. 9.9.1 Dry- Type Reactors 9.9.1.1The test shall be carried out at a value of test current as near as possible to the rated current IN and not less than 90 percent of this value and the run continued until the temperature rise increment of any part of the reactor is less than 2C in 1 hour. 9.9.1.2 The temperature-rise of the winding above the temperature of the cooling air for rated current, A BN is calculated from the formula: A~N = be, where
IN =

9.11 Short-Time Current Test and Measurement of Impedaoce of Short-Time Current 9.11.1 For general information, IS 2026~( Part 1 ): 1977 applies. The short-time current test is designed to prove the mechanical capability at rated short-time current and, in the case of a reactor with magnetic shield, to permit measurement of the rated impedances. 9.11.2Unless otherwise specified, the first peak of short-time current shall have a peak value of 18 x flZ_ times the rms value (Certain service conditions may result in asymmetry factor different from 18 X ,f_Z ). 9.11.3From the records of the symmetrical values of test voltage and current, the impedance at short-time current shall be determined. Its value shall be equal to the rated impedance within the appropriate tolerance. 9.11.4For a three-phase reactor, three singlephase impedance values shall be determined from the single-phase current applications. Their arithmetical average value shall apply. 9.11.5 For a three-phase reactor, three singlephase impedance values shall be determined from the single-phase current applications. Their arithmetical average value shall apply. 9.11.6 During the tests; the induced voltages in non-tested phases shall be recorded, in order to determine coupling factors or mutual impedances between phases. 9.11.6.1Test procedure For single-phase reactors, the test shall consist of two applications of rated short-time current of duration 050 B 005 .seconds. 4

q L-

P t1

rated continuous

current,

II = test current, and A& = temperature rise at test current. The value of q shall be taken as: AN cooled reactors = 16, and AF cooled reactors = 18. The temperature 0, of the winding shall be calculated from its measured resistance according to 4.6 of IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) : 1977. 9.9.2 Oil Immersed Type Reactors The determination of top oil temperature rise and of winding temperature rise shall be made in accordance with 4 of IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) : 1977.

IS 5553(Part3):1990
Three-phase reactors, or a bank of separate reactors with defined installation, shall be submitted to one single-phase test for each phase with full asymmetry, and to one three-phase test with approximately equal three-phase current.
NOTE -

the purchaser.

10 TOLERANCES 10.1Tolerances of the impedance established by test and/or calculation at rated short-time current shall be: a) +20 percent, and b) -0 percent of rated impedance.
In case of three phase reactors, the current measured in each phase winding under the conditions~defined in 9.5, shall not deviate by more than 5 percent from the average value but the impedance per phase shall al;v$s be within the above mentioned range of _., percent. Tolerances for impedance at continuous current, if stated, shall be r percent.

If the duration 05 seconds may not be obtained during test because of insufficient power capacity of the test equipment. shorter durations are subject to agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

9.11.2 Thermal Behaviour at Short-Time Current 9.11.2.1 The thermal short-time withstand capability shall be demonstrated by calculation according to 9.1of IS 2026 (Part 1 ) : 1977.
NOTE - This calculation leads to conservative result for long rated short-time current duration.

9.12 Measurement

of Acoustic Sound Level

The method of test and criteria for conformity shall be agreed between the manufacturerand

Tolerance on loss ( only with a continuous current is assigned to the reactor ) shall be f15 percent of the declared value.

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Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Jssue Text Affected

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