Rjevqy cwieZ©b

Iwj †gvnv¤§` Avãyjvn †PŠayix

Rjevqy ej‡Z Avgiv mvaviYZ K‡qK eQ‡ii AvenvIqvi Mo
ZviZg¨‡K eywS| c„w_exi nvRvi eQ‡ii eq‡m Rjevqyi cwieZ©b
N‡U‡Q eûevi| MZ 100 eQ‡i ZvcgvÎvi e¨vcK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q
Ges AvMvgx eQi¸‡jv‡ZI ZvcgvÎvi e¨vcK cwieZ©b NU‡e e‡j
c~e©vfvm i‡q‡Q|
Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi KviY¸‡jv‡K `yÕwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq:
1. cÖvK…wZK KviY
2. gvbe-m„ó KviY
cÖvK„wZK KviY¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡h‡Q m~h©, c„w_ex, gnvmvM‡ii
ci¯ú‡ii Dci wµqv-cÖwZwµqv| B`vbxsKv‡j Aek¨ gvbe-m„ó
KviY¸‡jv Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡b e¨vcKZi f~wgKv ivL‡Q| cwiZv‡ci

1
welq n‡”Q Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ cÖavbZt we‡k¦i DbœZ †`k¸‡jv
`vqx n‡jI Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡e me‡P‡q †ewk|
Rjevqy cwieZ©b (climate change) bv Rjevqyi ˆewPΨ (climate
variability)
A‡b‡K Avevi cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡b Rjevqy‡Z †h cwieZ©b N‡U
Zv‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b ej‡Z bvivR| Zviv G‡K e‡jb Rjevqy
ˆewPΨ| c¶vš—‡i, gvbe-m„ó KviY hv Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡b f~wgKv
iv‡L †mme cwieZ©bB Rjevqy cwieZ©b|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Ges `vwi`ª we‡gvPb:

weÁvbxiv GKgZ †h, Rjevqy cwieZ©b NU‡Q| c„w_exi DcwifvM
MªxbnvD‡m Mv‡mi †h KvR †mB KvR m¤úv`b K‡i hvi d‡j
†mŠiKwYKvi AwaKvskB evavnxbfv‡e c„w_ex‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i,
wKš‘ cÖwZdwjZ Zvc‡K k~b¨gʇj wd‡i †h‡Z evav †`q| GB c×wZ
cwi‡e‡ki DòZv e„w× K‡i, †hgwbfv‡e Zv Kvq©Kix nq GKwU
MÖxbnvD‡m|
wkíwec‡ei mgq †_‡K MÖxbnvDm M¨vm (CHGs) we‡kl K‡i
Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW (Co2) wbM©g‡Yi nvi gvivZ¥Kfv‡e †e‡o
†M‡Q| dwmj R¡vjvbxi e¨vcK e¨envi Gi Rb¨ cÖavbZ `vqx| hvi d‡j,
cÖPzi Zvc AvUKv c‡o‡Q Ges hvi cwiYwZ‡Z f~c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv
e„w× Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q Ges eZ©gv‡b ZvcgvÎv e„w×i nvi 140 eQ‡ii
g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P nv‡i evo‡Q|
GgbwK MÖxbnvDm M¨vm wbMg©Y m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c eÜ K‡i w`‡jI
AvMvgx 50 eQi ch©š— f~c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|
ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e †Kbbv wbMg©Y Ges mvov
cÖ`v‡bi mg‡qi e¨eavb e¨vcK, Dciš‘, we`¨gvb MÖxbnvDm M¨vm
BwZg‡a¨B Nbxf~Z n‡q e¨vcK AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q|
Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi Dci Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve:
o 2050 mv‡ji g‡a¨ c„w_exi Mo ZvcgvÎv .5 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm
†_‡K 1.7 wWwMÖ ch©š— evo‡Z cv‡i| AÂj‡f‡` ZvcgvÎv
e„w×i g‡a¨ ZviZg¨ n‡Z cv‡i| 2100 mvj ch©š— wM‡q c„w_exi
Mo ZvcgvÎv GgbwK 5 wWwMÖ ch©š— evo‡Z cv‡i|
o AwZe„wó Ges Abve„wói g‡Zv NUbv¸‡jv e¨vcK nv‡i NU‡Z
cv‡i| `w¶Y Gwkqvq cwieZ©b¸‡jv e¨vcKfv‡e NUvi m¤¢vebv
i‡q‡Q |
o cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi NbNUv e„w× cv‡e| N~wY©S‡oi
ZxeªZv e„w× cv‡e| N~wY©S‡oi mv‡_ S‡ov-e„wó, `gKv nvIqvi
ZxeªZv _vK‡e|
o mgy`ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× cv‡e hv‡Z DcK~j Ges wbgœvÂj
Zwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

2
Rjevqy cwieZ©b Ges RjevqyMZ cwieZ©bkxjZv `vwi`ª
we‡gvP‡bi msMÖvg‡K KwVb K‡i Zyj‡e:
o A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i Dci FYvZ¥K cÖfve †dj‡e|
o Mixe gvby‡li RxweKvqb Ges m¤ú` hvi Dci †m Pigfv‡e
wbf©ikxj Zvi Dci cÖfve †dj‡e|
o B‡Zvg‡a¨ wec`vcbœ Ae¯’vi gy‡LvgywL †`k Ges RbM‡Yi
SuzwK I wecbœZv‡K evwo‡q Zzj‡e eû¸Y|

`vwi`ª wbimb Ges mnmªvã j¶¨gvÎvi Dci Rjevqy

cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve
ZvcgvÎv e„w×, `vwi‡`ªi Dci cÖfve mnmªvã j¶¨gvÎvi
Rjevqy cwiZ©b,   Dci cÖfve
cÖvK„wZK
`y‡h©vM Ges
mgy`ª-c„‡ôi
n«vmgvb KviLvbv Ges j¶¨ 1
D”PZv e„w× Pig `vwi`ª I ¶zav wbimb
kªg Drcv`b, cÖKU
ˆel‡g¨i d‡j e¨emv
ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w× Ges j¶¨ 2
¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡e,
e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY K‡g mve©Rbxb cªv_wgK
A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯’weiZv
hvIqvq K…wl I wk¶v mgvcb
†`Lv †`‡e hv
cÖvK„wZK m¤ú‡`i
cÖe„wׇK e¨vnZ Ki‡e; j¶¨ 3
cwigvY K‡g hv‡e|
d‡j `vwi`ª we‡gvPb ˆjw½K mgZv AR©b Ges
evavMÖ¯’ n‡e | bvixi ¶gZvqb
j¶¨ 4
e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY K‡g wkï g„Zz¨i nvi †iva
hvIqvq my‡cq cvwbi
cwigvY K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i| j¶¨ 5
gvZ…-¯^v‡¯’¨i Dbœqb
n«vmgvb Drcv`b Ges j¶¨ 6
Mixe gvby‡li GBP-AvBwf/GBWm,
RxweKvqb I m¤ú` g¨v‡jwiqv, h²vmn
Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j
wb‡q AwbðqZv Ges cÖvYNvZx †ivM
m„ó `y‡h©vM
Mixe‡`i RxweKvq †gvKv‡ejv
AeKvVv‡gvi e¨vcK
AwbðqZv
¶wZ mvab Ki‡e|
j¶¨ 7
cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶v
j¶¨ 8
ZvcgvÎv, cvwb-¯^íZv Avš—R©vwZK
Ges Lv`¨vf¨vm Mixe‡`i AKvh©Ki Askx`vwiZ¡ e„w×
cwieZ©‡bi d‡j †ivM- Awf‡hvRb-¶gZv Ges
e¨vwa we¯—vi jvf Ki‡e| µgea©gvb f½yiZv

Avš—R©vwZK Askx`vwiZ¡
Rjevqy cwieZ©b †ewkifvM Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki `xN©‡gqv`x
Dbœq‡bi c‡_ GK weivU P¨v‡jÄ| MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi wbM©gY
3
Kvh©Kifv‡e Kwg‡q Avbv bv-†M‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©b e¨vcKZi
n‡e, `vwi‡`ª¨i cª‡Kvc e„w× cv‡e Ges mnmªvã Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv
AR©b evavMÖ¯’ n‡e| GUv cwi®‹vi †h, Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi
`wi`ªZv wbg~©‡ji Rb¨ DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡K MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi
wbM©gY Kgv‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î `ª“Z wkívq‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nIqv
ga¨-Av‡qi †`k¸‡jv‡K hviv h‡_ó cwigv‡Y MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi
wbM©gb NUvq, Zv‡`i‡KI c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| wbi‡c¶fv‡e wePvi
Ki‡Z †M‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©b-RwbZ ûgwK †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨
Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi Dbœqb evavMÖ¯’ nIqvi g‡Zv c`‡¶c MÖn‡Y
eva¨ Kiv DwPZ bq, KviY G mgm¨v Av`‡Z Zviv m„wó K‡iwb|
AvMvgx w`‡bi msjv‡c G w`KUv n‡e we‡klfv‡e we‡eP¨ GKwU
welq|
we‡k¦i me‡P‡q †ewk wg‡_b M¨vm Drcv`bKvix †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨
Av‡gwiKv, BD‡iv‡ci 15wU †`k, ivwkqv, Rvcvb, KvbvWv Ges
A‡÷ªwjqv Ab¨Zg| hw`I me¸‡jv BD‡ivcxq †`k, Rvcvb Ges
A‡÷ªwjqv wK‡q‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj Aby¯^v¶i (ratify) K‡i‡Q;
Av‡gwiKv Ges ivwkqvi h_vh_ AskMÖnY Qvov MÖxbnvDm
M¨v‡mi wbM©gY Kvh©Kifv‡e Kwg‡q Avbvi Dcvq †bB|
Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi welqUv †h G‡Kev‡i bZzb GKUv welq, Zv
wKš‘ bq| †mB mËi Ges Avwki `kK †_‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b wb‡q
D‡Ø‡Mi ïi“| GB D‡ØM Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b gvby‡li
µgea©gvb f~wgKv †_‡K 1988 mv‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤úwK©Z
Avš—tivóªxq c¨v‡bj hv AvBwcwmwm bv‡g cwiwPZ Zvi Rb¥|
Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤úwK©Z Avš—tivóªxq c¨v‡bj
(AvBwcwmwm) hvi g¨v‡ÛU Av‡Q Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤úwK©Z
ˆeÁvwbK, cÖhyw³MZ Ges Av_©mvgvwRK cÖfve Dc¯’vc‡bi,
Zvi cÖ_g wi‡cvU© cÖKvwkZ nq 1990 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m|
Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤úwK©Z cÖv_wgK ˆeÁvwbK cÖgv‡Yi
m~ÎcvZ GLvb †_‡KB hv cieZx©‡Z wek¦e¨vcx msjv‡ci `iRv Ly‡j
†`q|
BDGbGdwmwmwm n‡”Q Rjevqy cwieZ©b wb‡q
wek¦m¤cÖ`v‡qi †hŠ_ A½xKv‡ii †dvivg| 1992 mv‡j eªvwR‡ji wiI-
wW-†Rwb‡iv‡Z AbywôZ RvwZmsN cwi‡ek I Dbœqb m‡¤§j‡b
GwU M„nxZ nq Ges 1994 mvj †_‡K Zv Kvh©Ki nq| mb‡`i g~j
D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, cwi‡e‡k MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi cwigvY‡K mnbkxj
Ae¯’vq ivLv, hv‡Z Zv Rjevqy‡K Aw¯’wZkxj bv K‡i| GB j¶¨‡K
mvg‡b †i‡L ¯^v¶iKvix †`k¸‡jvi MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi wbM©gY
Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ c`‡¶c †bIqv DwPZ Zv‡`i GKB wKš‘ wfbœ
`vwqZ¡‡eva‡K mvg‡b †i‡L| DbœZ †`k¸‡jv Zv‡Z m¤§Z nq Ges
2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 1990 mv‡ji MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi wbM©gY
gvÎvq wd‡i †h‡Z m¤§Z nq| GB mb‡` Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡K
†Kv‡bv mywbw`©ó `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv nqwb eis DbœZ †`k¸‡jv
Zv‡`i‡K Avw_©K Ges KvwiMix mnvqZv †`‡e hv‡Z Zviv
MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi wbM©gY Kgv‡Z cv‡i Ges Rjevqy
cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Awf‡hvRb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

4
hw`I ˆewk¦K GKwU mgm¨v mgwš^Zfv‡e †gvKv‡ejvi GKwU
Dcvq ˆZwi K‡iwQj GB mb`, wKš‘ AwZ kxNÖB GUv cÖwZfvZ
nq †h MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi wbM©g‡Yi Dci Av‡iv wbqš¿Yv‡ivc
Qvov wbivc` cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e bq| Dc‡iv³ welqwU gv_vq
†i‡LB BDGbGdwmwmwmi c¶¸‡jv 1997 mv‡j wK‡q‡Uv
cÖ‡UvK‡j ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z m¤§Z nq| mb‡`i g~j welq‡K we‡ePbvq
†i‡L cÖ‡UvK‡j wk‡ívbœZ 38wU †`k‡K QqwU MÖxbnvDm
M¨v‡mi wbM©gY n«v‡mi mywbw`©ó j¶¨gvÎv †eu‡a †`Iqv nq|
2008-2012 mv‡ji g‡a¨ GB j¶¨gvÎv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cwigvc‡hvM¨ j¶¨
w¯’i K‡i GB cÖ‡UvKj| cÖ‡UvK‡ji eva¨evaKZv Av‡iv‡ci Rb¨
wb‡`bc‡¶ 55wU †`‡ki hviv Kgc‡¶ 55% MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi
wbM©g‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx, Zv‡`i Aby¯^v¶‡ii cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| mb‡`i
g‡ZvB cÖ‡UvK‡j Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡K Ae¨vnwZ †`Iqv nq
wbM©gY e‡Üi `vwqZ¡ †_‡K|
A_©‰bwZK ¶q-¶wZ mnbxq gvÎvq ivLvi Rb¨ wK‡q‡Uv
cÖ‡UvK‡j DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡K MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi wbM©gY
n«v‡mi wZbwU mnR Dcvq evZjv‡bv nq| GB wZbwU mnR c×wZ
n‡”Q :
1. Avš—R©vwZK wewbgq c×wZ (International Emissions
Trading)
2. †hŠ_ ev¯—evqb (Joint Implementation)
3. wbivc` Dbœqb c×wZ (The Clean Development Mechanism -CDM )
GB cÖ‡UvKj Avm‡j Pzw³c‡Îi evwn¨K KvVv‡gv wVK K‡i †`q,
hw`I Avmj ev¯—evq‡bi KvR i‡q hvq cieZx©
BDGbGdwmwmwmi Awa‡ekb¸‡jvi Dci| 1998 mv‡j ey‡qÝ
AvBwi‡m BDGbGdwmwmwmi 4_© Kbdv‡i‡Ý c¶¸‡jv GKwU
Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i| GwU GKwU D”Pvwfjvlx Kg©m~wP
hv 2000 mv‡ji 6ô m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡MB we¯—vwiZ Kg©‡KŠkj
cÖYq‡bi j¶¨gvÎv w¯’i K‡i|
ev¯—‡e j¶¨gvÎv AR©‡bi c‡_ DbœwZ wQj LyeB mvgvb¨ Ges
ga¨¯’Zvi KvRwU wQj †ek KwVb| ey‡qÝ AvBwim Kg©cwiKíbv
ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ cwiex¶Y, g~j¨vqb Ges wi‡cvwU©s‡qi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q| wbqg-Kvbyb wb‡q gZwe‡iva, ivR
‰bwZK we‡iva b‡f¤^i 2000 mv‡ji †nM m‡¤§j‡b APjve¯’v
m„wó K‡i| Zvic‡ii NUbv meviB Rvbv| A‡b‡KB Av‡gwiKvi
†cÖwm‡W›U RR© ey‡ki †mB Av‡jvwPZ-mgv‡jvwPZ fvl‡Yi
K_v Rv‡bb| Av‡gwiKv wK‡q‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj‡K Av‡gwiKvi
A_©bxwZ weKv‡ki cÖwZeÜK e‡j cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| Av‡gwiKvi
Av‡iKwU Awf‡hvM wQj †h cÖ‡UvK‡j Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡K
Ae¨vnwZ †`Iqv nq wbM©gY e‡Üi `vwqZ¡ †_‡K we‡kl K‡i
ewa©Z RbmsL¨vi †`k Pxb I fviZ‡K ev` †`Iqvq Av‡gwiKv Zxeª
AvcwË Rvbvq|
Av‡gwiKv cÖ‡UvKj †_‡K †ewi‡q hvIqv m‡Ë¡I msjvc Pj‡Z _v‡K
Ges Rvg©vbxi eb-G (RyjvB 2001) cybtAvnevbK…Z 6ô m‡¤§j‡b
5
ivR‰bwZK wm×vš— M„nxZ nq| GB eb m‡¤§jb wK‡q‡Uv
cÖ‡UvKj ev¯—evq‡bi w`K-wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i| b‡f¤^i 2001
mv‡j gvivKv‡m AbywôZ cieZx© ˆeV‡K Zv AvBbx KvVv‡gv jvf
K‡i| gvivKvm †NvlYv wbM©gY †iva Ges Uv‡M©U m¤ú‡K©
DbœZ †`‡ki Kg©cš’v wel‡q h_vh_ w`K-wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i|
AvMvgx wW‡m¤^‡i †Wbgv‡K©i †Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡b AbywôZ n‡Z
hv‡”Q cieZx© wek¦ Rjevqy m‡¤§jb| GB m‡¤§j‡b cÖavb PviwU
Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡e :
1. MÖxbnvDm M¨vm wbM©gY wK cwigvY n«v‡m DbœZ
†`k¸‡jv ivRx n‡e ?
2. fviZ Ges Px‡bi g‡Zv `ª“Z Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv Zv‡`i
MÖxbnvDm M¨vm wbM©gY wK cwigvY n«v‡m m¤§Z n‡e?
3.Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv MÖxbnvDm M¨v‡mi wbM©gY eÜ Ges
Awf‡hvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Avw_©K mvnvh¨ wKfv‡e cv‡e?
4.cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© wKfv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡e?

Z‡e Rjevqy cwieZ©b wel‡q Av‡gwiKvi bxwZi mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j

cwieZ©b j¶ Kiv hv‡”Q| Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U evivK Ievgv
Zvi RjevqybxwZi Kvi‡Y GBevi kvwš—‡Z †bv‡ej cyi®‹vi
†c‡q‡Qb| MÖxbnvDm M¨vm wbM©gY e‡Ü Av‡gwiKvi
`vwqZ¡ me©vwaK Ges Av‡gwiKvi mwµq AskMÖnY Qvov
wbM©gY e‡Ü †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM djcÖm~fv‡e Kvh©Ki n‡e bv|

ˆewk¦K cwieZ©‡bi g‡Wj (GLOBAL CHANGE MODEL)

Abymv‡i Gwkqv / `w¶Y Gwkqvq mvwaZ cwieZ©b
AvenvIqvi weiƒcZv Pi‡g †cuuŠQv‡bvi AvksKv i‡q‡Q Rjevqy
cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y| hvi d‡j:
 e„wócvZ AwbqwgZ n‡q hv‡e| we‡kl K‡i e„wócv‡Zi
mgqm~wP I cwigvY e`‡j hv‡e|
 mgy`ª-c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ S‡ov-e„wó Ges
N~wY©S‡oi ZxeªZv †e‡o hv‡e ivZvivwZ| D`vniY¯^ic ejv hvq
†h, e‡½vcmvM‡ii f~-Mf©¯’ ZvcgvÎv 1 wWwMÖ e„w× †c‡j
mvB‡K¬v‡bi cÖ‡Kvc 10 kZvsk †e‡o hv‡e|
 jy-nvIqv cÖev‡ni ZxeªZv †e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i eû¸Y|
Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi Dci cÖfve
Gwkqv Z_v `w¶Y Gwkqvi †jvK‡`i ¯^v¯’¨, K…wl, ebR m¤ú`,
cvwbm¤ú`, DcK~jxq AeKvVv‡gv GgbwK ¯’jfvM Rjevqy
cwieZ©b Ges Pigfvevcbœ AvenvIqv Øviv fwel¨‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡e|

Lv`¨ wbivcËv

6
†gŠmy‡gi cwieZ©b Ges AwbwqwgZ e„wócvZ Lv`¨ wbivcËv‡K
ûgwKi m¤§yLxb Ki‡e| K…wl-wfwËK A_©bxwZi cÖe„w× Zv‡Z
e¨vnZ n‡e `viƒYfv‡e, hvi d‡j Mixe‡`i Lvevi †RvMv‡bvi msMÖvg
`~iƒn n‡e|
 e„wócv‡Zi Dci wbf©ikxj K…wlR Drcv`b AwbqwgZ e„wócv‡Zi
Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡e| AwaK djbkxj exR, hvi Kvi‡Y Gwkqvq
meyR wece msNwVZ n‡q‡Q e‡j wek¦vm Kiv nq-AvMvg eb¨v,
jeYv³Zv Ges Livi Kvi‡Y †mBme cÖRvwZi Drcv`b mvaviY
cÖRvwZ¸‡jvi Zzjbvq †ewk evavMÖ¯’ n‡e|
 ZvcgvÎv I †gŠmy‡gi cwieZ©b Lv`¨ Drcv`b‡K gvivZ¥Kfv‡e
e¨vnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 Pigfvevcbœ AvenvIqv Ges cÖK…wZi weiƒcZvq cy‡iv `w¶Y
Gwkqv Ry‡o grm¨ Drcv`b ivZvivwZ K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i e‡j
weÁvbxiv AvksKv cÖKvk Ki‡Qb|

¯^v¯’¨
¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z cÖZ¨¶ Ges AcÖZ¨¶ `y-iK‡gi cÖfveB co‡e| cÖZ¨¶
cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ g„Zz¨nvi e„w×, AcÖZ¨¶ cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †f±i-
m„ó †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve Ges cywónxbZv e„w×|
Pigfvevcvbœ Rjevqy-RwbZ NUbvi d‡j msµvgK †ivM evo‡Z cv‡i,
G‡Z e¨vcK cÖvYnvwbi AvksKvI i‡q‡Q, ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq e¨vNvZ
NUv‡Z cv‡i Ges gvbyl ¯’vbvš—‡i eva¨ n‡Z cv‡i|

K. †Quvqv‡P †ivM Ges g„Zz¨

Rjevqyi Pigfvevcbœ Ae¯’vi mv‡_ †Quvqv‡P †ivM Ges g„Zz¨i
cÖvqB †hvMm~Î _v‡K| `wi`ª †jv‡Kiv G ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZi mnR
wkKv‡i cwiYZ nq, †Kbbv wb‡R‡`i i¶v Kivi g‡Zv h‡_ó m¶gZv
Zv‡`i †bB |
o nvwi‡Kb wg‡Pi (1999) ci †h eb¨v nq Zvici ¸‡q‡Zgvjvq cuvP¸Y
Ges wbKviv¸qvq 6 ¸Y †e‡o hvq K‡jivi cÖvej¨|
o †g 2000 mv‡j Mig cÖev‡n `w¶Y fvi‡Z 1000 †jvK gviv hvq
hv‡`i AwaKvskB nq RbvKxY© GjvKvq emevm KiZ A_ev iv¯
—vq emevmiZ kªwgK‡kªYxi †jvK|
o evsjv‡`‡k MZ 70 eQi a‡i B-1 wb‡bv-RwbZ eb¨vi cÖvej¨ †e‡o
hvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ K‡jiv †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve NU‡Q|
o AwZwi³ e„wócvZ Mevw` cïi we‡kl ai‡bi †ivM m„wó Ki‡Q|
L. ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq AcÖ‡ekMg¨Zv
AvenvIqvi weiƒcZv Z_v eb¨v Ges S‡ov nvIqvi d‡j AeKvVv‡gv
Ges cwienb-e¨e¯’v ¶wZMÖ¯’ nIqvq ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq weNœ N‡U|
o 1997-1998 mv‡ji B-1 wb‡bv-RwbZ eb¨v Ges nvwi‡K‡b
BKz‡qWi Ges †ci“‡Z 34wU nvmcvZvj Ges 485wU ¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª
7
 gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq, A_P ¯^v¯’¨‡mev jv‡fi Rb¨ GB
†K›`ª¸‡jvB wQj H GjvKvi †jvK‡`i GKgvÎ fimv|
o †gvRvw¤^‡Ki 1999 mv‡ji eb¨vq moK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v
e¨vcKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq hvi g~j¨gvb 16 wgwjqb Wjvi| hw`I
†h‡Kvb `y‡hv©‡Mi ciciB ¯^v¯’¨‡mev LyeB Riƒix n‡q c‡o,
wKš‘ `yM©Z GjvKvq Ri“ix c_¨ †cuŠQv‡bv Ges ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
cybt¯’vcb `yiƒn n‡q c‡o|

M. ¯’vbvš—i
weiƒc `y‡h©v‡Mi d‡j RbmvaviY ev¯‘Pz¨Z n‡q c‡o, AcÖZzj
RvqMvq Avkªq †bq Ges cywó-¯^íZvq †fv‡M| kiYv_x©
wkwei¸‡jv‡Z RbeûjZv Ges wbivc` cwi‡e‡ki Afv‡e h²v Ges
g¨v‡jwiqvi g‡Zv †iv‡Mi msµgY NU‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q|

Rjevqyi †gvo / w`K-cwieZ©b (climate shifts)

`kK a‡i Rjevqyi cwieZ©bkxjZvq Rwgi e¨env‡i cwieZ©b N‡U
Ges †jvKRb ¯’vbvš—‡i (gvB‡MÖkb) eva¨ nq| Rwgi cwiKwíZ
e¨envi cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ eRvq iv‡L hvi d‡j wKQy †ivM-e¨vwa
wbqš¿‡Yi g‡a¨ _v‡K| c¶vš—‡i, gvB‡MÖk‡bi d‡j wKQy †ivM-
e¨vwa (†hgb-GBPAvBwf/ GBWm) Qwo‡q covi AvksKv _v‡K|

cwiewZ©Z Rjevqyi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z Dbœqbkxj

†`k¸‡jvi A¶gZv:
wb‡æv³ Kvi‡Y Rjevqy ¯^v¯’¨LvZ‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i:
 `wi`ª Rbmvavi‡Yi wecbœZv
 ûgwK Z_v Rjevqy cwieZ©b-RwbZ ûgwK †gvKv‡ejvq cwiKíbvi
Afve
 cÖ¯‘wZ Ges cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Y Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi
A¶gZv

`wi`ª Rbmvavi‡Yi wecbœZv

weï× cvwbi Afve, Awbivc` †kŠP-e¨e¯’v, Nb-emwZ Z_v RbeûjZv
Ges gvbe I cïm¤ú‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi AcªZzjZv Mixe
Rbmvavi‡Yi ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci Rjevqyi cÖfv‡e †gŠj Kvi‡Yi Ab¨Zg|
Px‡bi `yBwU eb¨v-cieZx© cwiw¯’wZi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv
Ki‡jB welqwU cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e| 1954 mv‡j eb¨vq †hLv‡b 90
kZvsk g„Zz¨ N‡UwQj msµgYkxj †iv‡M (wW‡mw›Uª, UvBd‡qW
Ges K‡jiv), †mLv‡b cvwb Ges cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi DbœwZi d‡j
1998 mv‡ji eb¨vq G-iKg †Kv‡bv gnvgvwii NUbv N‡Uwb|

8
cwiKíbvi Afve
cvwb Ges Lv`¨ wbivcËv †h ïay cÖvßZv Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq Zv bq
eis ivR‰bwZK Ges cÖvwZôvwbK wm×vš— ØvivI wbqwš¿Z nq|
cwiKíbvq A‡bK mgqB Rjevqyi ˆewPΨ Ges `wi`ª‡`i Dci Zvi
cÖfve‡K we‡ePbvq Avbv nq bv| Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi cwiKíbv
c×wZ (GgbwK `vwi`ª we‡gvPb †KŠkjcÎ) ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Zi Dci
Rjevqyi cÖfve‡K we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|

cÖ¯‘wZ Ges cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’vi AcÖZzjZv

cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ Ges cÖwZKvi bv-_vKvi Kvi‡Y Dbœqbkxj
†`k¸‡jv ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Zi Dci Rjevqyi ¶wZKi cÖfv‡ei ûgwKi
m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h, g¨v‡jwiqv †mBme †`‡ki
Rb¨ eo mgm¨v bv †hLv‡b miKvwi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev e¨e¯’v cwi‡e‡ki
Dci wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †ivM Dck‡gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges RbMY e¨w³MZfv‡eI
wbivcËvg~jK e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cv‡i|
cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ Ges cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ Z_¨vw`I AZ¨š—
¸iƒZ¡c~Y© hv‡Z SuzwK Kgv‡bv hvq Ges mZKx©KiY e¨e¯’v
Pvjy _v‡K| Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Zv cÖvqB Abycw¯’Z _v‡K|

`xN©‡gqv`x Rjevqy cwieZ©b:

Rjevqy cwieZ©b ïay c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ki‡e bv, Zv
cwieZ©b Ki‡e Rjevqy-Av”Qv`b, FZz‰ewPΨ, Avš—tevwl©K
ˆewPΨ Ges Pig `y‡h©v‡Mi msL¨v Ges ZxeªZv| wb‡gœv³
cwieZ©b hv Mixe‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ Ges cïm¤ú‡`i Dci ¶wZKi cÖfve
†dj‡e:
o cÖejZi Lv`¨vfve
o `xN©Zi cvwb-¯^íZv
o cvwb-evwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve
o bZzb GjvKvq †f±i-evwnZ †iv‡Mi msµgY

AvksKv Kiv n‡”Q, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j AwZwi³ 1 wewjqb

†jv‡Ki †W½y‡Z Avµvš— nIqvi AvksKv i‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz †W½yi
GL‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡laK Avwe®K…Z nqwb, ZvB kû‡i ew¯—
GjvKvi Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci Zv weiƒc cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i|
o evqy-evwnZ †iv‡Mi msµgY
o Zvc-k‡Ki ZxeªZv
o Mevw` cïi †ivMevjvB

9
 Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve:
cwieZ©‡bi m~PK
Rjevqy,
cwieZ©bkxjZv,  Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci
Pig NUbv Ges cÖfve  cÖfve
mgy`ª-c„‡ôi
D”PZv e„w×

Lv`¨ NvUwZ
µgea©gvb ZvcgvÎv Ges cvbxq R‡ji Afve wkï‡`i IRb n«v‡mi
e„wócv‡Zi cwigv‡Y
cÖvej¨
cwieZ©b K…wlR Ges
cÖvK„wZK m¤ú‡`i
NvUwZ m„wó Ki‡e eb¨v Ges ¯’vbvš—‡i b~¨bZ‡gi †P‡q Kg
eva¨ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Lv`¨MªnYKvix †jv‡Ki
cvwb-evwnZ †iv‡Mi msL¨v e„w×
e„wócv‡Zi cwigv‡Y
cwieZ©b, wbt‡kwlZ cÖv`yf©ve
nIqv Ges wewfbœZv cvwbk~b¨Zv Ges cvwb
cvwbcÖvw߇K `yiƒn †f±i-evwnZ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ mgq e¨q
K‡i Zzj‡e †ivMe¨vwai goK Ki‡Z wM‡q wecbœZv
e„w×
µgea©gvb Pigfvevcbœ a~jv-evwji ¯’vbvš—‡ii
Rjevqyi cÖvej¨ (eb¨v Kvi‡Y evqy-evwnZ ¯^v¯’¨ Ges Ab¨vb¨
Ges mvB‡K¬vb ) †iv‡Mi cÖvej¨ †mev jv‡fi †¶Î
msKywPZ

Zxeª Mi‡g ew¯—

evmx‡`i †ivM-e¨vwa PigfvevcbœZvi mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z †ivM-
ZvcgvÎv, cvwb Ges
evjvB‡qi (†hgb-h²v )
Lv`¨vf¨v‡m cwieZ©‡bi
`i“Y cwi‡e‡ki Dci weiƒc cÖv`yf©ve
cÖfve
Mixe cwiev‡i we‡kl K‡i
wkï‡`i gv‡S msµvgK
†iv‡Mi we¯—vi

wkï I beRvZ‡Ki g„Zz¨i

nvi e„w×

bZyb bZzb RvqMvq

†f±i-evwnZ †iv‡Mi
msµgY (g¨v‡jwiqv Ges
†W½yi cÖv`yf©ve)

evqy-evwnZ †iv‡Mi
(†hgb-g¨vwbbRvBwUm)
we¯—vi
10
cvwb
cvwb-¯^íZv †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i mviv Gwkqv Ry‡o| hvi weiƒc cÖfve
co‡e †m‡P, my‡cq cvwb mieiv‡n Ges Rjwe`y¨r Drcv`‡b|

ev¯‘Pz¨wZ
mvM‡ii cvwbi D”PZv e„w×i d‡j bxPy eØxc Ges DcK~jxq A‡ji
RbRxeb ûgwKi gy‡L co‡e| mvM‡ii cvwbi D”PZv 1 wgUvi e„w×
n‡j evsjv‡`k, fviZ Ges B‡›`v‡bwkqvi 24 wgwjqb †jvK ev¯‘wfUv
nviv‡Z cv‡i e‡j weÁvbxiv AvkswKZ|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Ges evsjv‡`k

c„w_exi †h-KqwU †`‡ki Dci Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi me‡P‡q †ewk
cÖfve covi AvksKv i‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`k Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg| hy³ivR¨ miKvi
KZ©…K cÖKvwkZ Avš—R©vwZK Dbœqb m¤úwK©Z †k¦Zc‡Î
(2009) ejv n‡q‡Q †h, mgy‡`ªi cvwbi D”PZv e„w×i d‡j 2050 mvj
bvMv` evsjv‡`‡ki 6-8 kZvsk wbgœvÂj Zwj‡q hv‡e, hvi d‡j K‡qK
jvL †jvK ev¯‘nviv n‡e| †`‡ki eb¨vµvš— GjvKvi cwigvY 25 kZvsk
†_‡K †e‡o 40 kZvs‡k †cuŠQv‡e hvi cwiYv‡g 2050 mvj bvMv`
cÖwZeQi 7 †KvwU gvbyl ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡e|

Rjevqy Awf‡hvR‡bi c‡_ c`hvÎv:

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iƒc| ûgwK †gvKv‡ejvi
Rb¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Awf‡hvRb‡K Dbœqb bxwZgvjvi
Ask K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e|
A‡bK Dbœqbkxj †`kB Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z
wewfbœ D‡`¨vM wb‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q, cÖ_‡gB wb‡R‡`i wecbœZvi
GjvKv wPwýZ Kiv ïi“ K‡i‡Q|
Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Awf‡hvRb Dbœqb-cwiKíbvi Awe‡”Q`¨
A½| †h-†Kv‡bv cÖKvi D‡`¨vM †bIqv †nvK bv †Kb, Zv †hb nq
mgwš^Z Dbœqb cwiKíbvi Ask| GUv †gvUv `v‡M wZbfv‡M Kiv
hvq :
1. wecbœZvi ¯^iƒc Ges `wi`ª‡`i m¶gZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf
2. `wi`ª‡`i SzuwK n«vm
3.Dbœqb cwiKíbvq Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K Aš—fy©w³KiY

evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K

Aš—f©yw³KiY:
evsjv‡`k Rjevqyi cwieZ©b RwbZ `y‡h©v‡Mi wkKvi n‡e a‡i
wb‡q evsjv‡`k miKvi wWGdAvBwW Ges BDGbwWwcÕi
11
mn‡hvwMZvq evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z Rjevqy
cwieZ©b‡K Aš—fy©w³KiYi GKwU Kg©m~wP nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q|
wZb eQie¨vcx Pjgvb Kg©m~wP‡Z GKwU bZzb K¬vB‡gU †mj,
cwi‡ek gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b Ab¨vb¨ gš¿Yvjq, GbwRI Ges Rb‡Mvôxi
mv‡_ Rjevqy cwieZ©b wel‡q MY-m‡PZbZv ˆZwi‡Z Ges GKB
mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z KvR Ki‡e| wewfbœ ms¯’vi m¶gZv ˆZwi‡Z
we‡kl K‡i Avc`-e¨e¯’vcbv †_‡K wb‡q †fŠZ KvVv‡gv Ges Rwg
e¨envi †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †mP M‡elYvi g‡Zv welq¸‡jv wb‡q KvR
Ki‡e|
GB ¯^-D‡`¨vMx †KŠkj mevi Rb¨ wnZKi hv Avc` e¨e¯’vcbv Ges
¯’vwqZ¡kxj RxweKvqb‡K GKxfyZ Ki‡e| D`vniY¯^i“c ejv hvq †h,
Kv‡Ri †¶Î¸‡jv n‡Z cv‡i-Rjevqy-cÖwZ‡ivaK M„nvqb, DbœZ
km¨ Ges cÖvK„wZK m¤ú‡`i myô e¨e¯’vcbv|

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SuzwK Ges Awf‡hvRb

ïK‡bv Ges Avav-ïK‡bv mu¨vZ‡mu‡Z DcK~j Ges
ØxcvÂj
 cvwb-¯^íZv  N~wY©S‡oi  eb¨v Ges
mgm¨v

 `ª“Z gi“KiY ¶wZ Ges S‡oi d‡j

AvKw¯§K DcK~jxq
 cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i eb¨vi Kvi‡Y emwZ,
Abyrcv`bkxjZv emwZ, KvVv‡gv
 Lv`¨ wbivcËv RbmvaviY, Ges
KvVv‡gv RbRxe‡bi
 MÖvgxY RxweKvqb Ges Ges cÖwZ ûgwK
MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ RbRxe‡bi  K„wlR Rwgi
 ¯^v¯’¨ cÖwZ ûgwK cwigvY
 K…wlR n«vm
Drcv`bkxjZv  Rjvkq Ges
 Rj-we`¨y‡Zi b`x‡Z
Drcv`bkxjZv jeYv³Zv
 ¯^v¯’¨ e„w×
 cvwb-¯^íZv
 Lv`¨
wbivcËv
 grm¨ m¤ú`
Ges RjR
m¤ú‡`i
webvk
AMA

 DbœZ km¨, Z„Yf~wg Ges  eva Ges †fŠZ-  DcK~jxq

ivKawvÖM

Mevw` e¨e¯’vcbv KvVv‡gvq cÖwZi¶v

 wewfbœ Rv‡Zi DbœZ av‡bi cwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbv: k³
ˆewPΨ Avbqb, weZiY Ges Avbqb cÖwZi¶v-
M‡elYv  eb¨v Ges So eva, mnbkxj
cÖwZ‡ivaK cÖwZi¶v-
 Lv`¨ weZi‡Yi Rb¨ Rb‡Mvôx g¨vb‡MÖvf,
†Kw›`ªK Lv`¨km¨ msi¶Y wbg©vY
bxwZgvjv †Kvivj, nvIi
e¨e¯’v Pvjy msi¶Y
12
 AvenvIqv-†Kw›`ªK exgv-  b`x kvmb  emwZ, moK
e¨e¯’vAwf‡hvR‡bi welq¸‡jv g~javivi
 Avkªq‡K›`ª Ges †fŠZ
Dbœq‡b Aš—fy©w³KiY e¨e¯’vcbv AeKvVv‡gv
cybt¯’vcb
 eb¨v,
f~wgamcÖeY  mgwš^Z
GjvKvi DcK~j
Dbœq‡b e¨e¯’vcbv
weKí  †jvbv-
e¨e¯’vcbv mnbxq Pviv

1.RvZxq Awf‡hvRb
Kg©m~wP (NAPA)

cÖYqY

2. `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
†KŠkjcÎ Ges Ab¨vb¨
RvZxq †KŠkjMZ
Kg©m~wP
ch©v‡jvPbv

3.m¤¢ve¨ †jvKmv‡bi
wnmve-wbKvk

4.mvkªqx
Awf‡hvR‡bi
Dcvqmg~n
wPwýZKiY

13