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    Cyclotron

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    Nguyễn Thành Công
    1) The cyclotron accelerates positively charged particles using oscillating electric and uniform magnetic fields perpendicular to each other. 2) It consists of two D-shaped metal chambers called dees between which a potential difference alternates, accelerating particles in a circular path due to the Lorentz force. 3) The cyclotron frequency does not depend on particle speed, allowing continuous acceleration, but it is limited to non-relativistic speeds and can only accelerate positively charged particles.

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    Cyclotron

    Uploaded by

    Nguyễn Thành Công
    91 views2 pages
    1) The cyclotron accelerates positively charged particles using oscillating electric and uniform magnetic fields perpendicular to each other. 2) It consists of two D-shaped metal chambers called dees between which a potential difference alternates, accelerating particles in a circular path due to the Lorentz force. 3) The cyclotron frequency does not depend on particle speed, allowing continuous acceleration, but it is limited to non-relativistic speeds and can only accelerate positively charged particles.

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    143789602-Cyclotron

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    1) The cyclotron accelerates positively charged particles using oscillating electric and uniform magnetic fields perpendicular to each other. 2) It consists of two D-shaped metal chambers called dees between which a potential difference alternates, accelerating particles in a circular path due to the Lorentz force. 3) The cyclotron frequency does not depend on particle speed, allowing continuous acceleration, but it is limited to non-relativistic speeds and can only accelerate positively charged particles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views2 pages

    Cyclotron

    Uploaded by

    Nguyễn Thành Công
    1) The cyclotron accelerates positively charged particles using oscillating electric and uniform magnetic fields perpendicular to each other. 2) It consists of two D-shaped metal chambers called dees between which a potential difference alternates, accelerating particles in a circular path due to the Lorentz force. 3) The cyclotron frequency does not depend on particle speed, allowing continuous acceleration, but it is limited to non-relativistic speeds and can only accelerate positively charged particles.

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    Q1. Give the principle, construction and working of the cyclotron.

    Also write the


    limitations of it.
    Ans: Cyclotron is the device which is used to accelerate positively charged particles.

    Principle: A positively charged particle can be accelerated to high energy with the help
    of an oscillating electric field, by making it cross the same electric field time and again
    with the use of a strong magnetic field. The frequency of revolution of charged particle is
    not dependent on the energy.
    It acts on principle of cross action of fields in which the +vly charged particle or ions is
    made to move time and again in a region of strong magnetic field and high frequency
    electric field which are mutually perp. to each other then it can acquire sufficiently high
    k.e energy.
    Construction: It consists of two dees or D-shaped metal chambers D1 and D2. The dees
    are separated by a small distance. The two dees are perpendicular to their plane. P is the
    position where the ion source is placed.

    The dees are maintained to a potential difference whose polarity alternates with the same
    frequency as the circular motion of the particles. The dees are closed in a steel box
    placed between the poles of a strong electromagnet. The magnetic field is perpendicular
    to the plane of the dees.

    Theory and Working: The positive ion P to be accelerated is placed in between the two
    dees. If at any instant, D1 is at negative potential and D2 is at positive potential, then the
    ion gets accelerated towards D
    1
    but since its perpendicular to B, it describes a circular
    path of radius r and Lorentz force provides the centripetal force.

    Time taken to describe a semicircle is

    If this time is equal to the time during which D
    1
    and D
    2
    change their polarity, the ion
    gets accelerated when it arrives in between the gaps. The electric field accelerates the ion
    further. Once the ion is inside the dee D2, it now describes a greater semicircle due to the
    magnetic field. This process repels and the ion goes on describing a circular path of
    greater radius and finally acquires a high energy. The ion is further removed from a
    window W. The maximum energy acquired by the ion source is


    The frequency of cyclotron is given by

    Limitations of Cyclotron: Only when the speed of the circulating ion is less than 'c'
    the speed of light, we find the frequency of revolution to be independent of its speed. At
    higher speeds, the mass of the ion will increase and this changes the time period of the
    ion revolution. This results in the ion lagging behind the electric field and it eventually
    loses by collisions against the walls of the dees. The cyclotron is suitable for accelerating
    heavy charged particles but not electrons. Cyclotrons cannot accelerate in charged
    particles. It is not suited for very high kinetic energy.
    Q1. Write an expression for the force experienced by the charged particle moving in
    a uniform magnetic field B With the help of labeled diagram explain the working
    of cyclotron? Show that cyclotron frequency does not depend upon the speed of
    the particle?

    Q2. A particle of mass m and charge q moving with a uniform speed normal to a
    uniform magnetic field B describes a circular path of radius & Derive
    expressions for (1) Radius of the circular path (2) time period of revolution (3)
    Kinetic energy of the particle?

    Q3. Can neutrons be accelerated in a cyclotron? Why?

    Q4. A uniform magnetic field 0.5 T is applied normal to the plane of the Dees of a
    Cyclotron. Calculate the period of the alternating potential to be applied to the
    Dees to accelerate deutrons (mass of deuteron = 3.3 10-27 kg and its charge =
    1.6 10-19C)
    *********************

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