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    Mol or 2calk Mol Depending On The Limit of H

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    Anand Swarnkar
    The document discusses factors that affect the equilibrium constant K for chemical reactions. It states that: 1) Temperature affects K - as temperature increases for endothermic reactions K increases and for exothermic reactions K decreases. 2) Stoichiometry of the reaction affects K - the equilibrium constant relates to the balanced chemical equation. 3) The standard free energy change (ΔG°) is related to K - reactions with ΔG° < 0 have K > 1, and reactions with ΔG° > 0 have K < 1. It also discusses the relationship between different forms of the equilibrium constant Kp, Kc, and Kx, and notes factors that do not affect the equilibrium constant

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    Mol or 2calk Mol Depending On The Limit of H

    Uploaded by

    Anand Swarnkar
    15 views2 pages
    The document discusses factors that affect the equilibrium constant K for chemical reactions. It states that: 1) Temperature affects K - as temperature increases for endothermic reactions K increases and for exothermic reactions K decreases. 2) Stoichiometry of the reaction affects K - the equilibrium constant relates to the balanced chemical equation. 3) The standard free energy change (ΔG°) is related to K - reactions with ΔG° < 0 have K > 1, and reactions with ΔG° > 0 have K < 1. It also discusses the relationship between different forms of the equilibrium constant Kp, Kc, and Kx, and notes factors that do not affect the equilibrium constant

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    The document discusses factors that affect the equilibrium constant K for chemical reactions. It states that: 1) Temperature affects K - as temperature increases for endothermic reactions K increases and for exothermic reactions K decreases. 2) Stoichiometry of the reaction affects K - the equilibrium constant relates to the balanced chemical equation. 3) The standard free energy change (ΔG°) is related to K - reactions with ΔG° < 0 have K > 1, and reactions with ΔG° > 0 have K < 1. It also discusses the relationship between different forms of the equilibrium constant Kp, Kc, and Kx, and notes factors that do not affect the equilibrium constant

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views2 pages

    Mol or 2calk Mol Depending On The Limit of H

    Uploaded by

    Anand Swarnkar
    The document discusses factors that affect the equilibrium constant K for chemical reactions. It states that: 1) Temperature affects K - as temperature increases for endothermic reactions K increases and for exothermic reactions K decreases. 2) Stoichiometry of the reaction affects K - the equilibrium constant relates to the balanced chemical equation. 3) The standard free energy change (ΔG°) is related to K - reactions with ΔG° < 0 have K > 1, and reactions with ΔG° > 0 have K < 1. It also discusses the relationship between different forms of the equilibrium constant Kp, Kc, and Kx, and notes factors that do not affect the equilibrium constant

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    CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS AFFECTING EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT

    1. Temperature: log

    [ ] where H = heat or enthalpy of reaction in the

    temperature range T1 and T2 (T2>T1)


    For endothermic reaction: H = Positive as T
    Example : N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
    For endothermic reaction: H = Negative as T
    Example: N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

    NOTE: Put R = 8.314 JK-1mol-1 or 2calK-1mol-1 depending on the limit of H


    2. Stoichiometry of the reaction
    a) For A+B C+D of eqation constant = K then for C+D +
    equation constant =
    b) for N2+3H2 2NH3 of equation constant = k then for N2 + 3/2H2
    NH3 equation constant = and for 2N2 + 6H2 4NH3 equation
    constant = k2
    c) If for the reactions
    A B equilibrium constant = k1
    B C equilibrium constant = k2
    C D equilibrium constant = k3
    Then for the reaction A D eq. constant = k1k2k3
    3. Standard free energy change (G0) for the reaction
    for any reaction
    G = G0 + 2.303 RT log Q and
    at equilibrium Q = K and G = 0
    0
    G = -2.303RT logK
    Hence if G0 < 0 then k>1
    G0 > 0 then k<1
    G0 = 0 then k =1
    NOTE: If for a reaction kc kp then G0 would have two different values, one refer to
    standard state of unit molar concentration and the other two unit pressure.
    4. Relation between Kp , Kc and Kx
    kp = kc [RT]n = kx [P]n ; P = equilibrium total pressure
    for a reaction like H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) n=0
    Hence kp=kc=kx
    But for the reaction like
    PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ; n = +1
    Then kp>kc and kp = kx(p)1
    even at constant temperature as P
    Kx
    And for the reaction like
    N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ; n =-2
    Kp<kc and
    kp = kc (p)-2
    even at constant temperature as P

    Kx

    Problem: At 270C, kp for the reaction CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) is 0.1 atm. Calculate kc.
    Answer:
    for the given reaction n =1 and kp = kc [RT]n
    .
    kc = .
    = 4 x 10-3
    NOTE: In all the above calculation dealing with kp , kc relation take R = 0.082 L atm k-1 mol-1
    and T in terms of Kelvin
    5. Significance of equilibrium constant
    Generally if kc > 103 (products predominate) if k < 10-3 (reactant predominate) but if k is in
    the range 10-3 to 103, then appreciable concentrations of both products and reactants are
    present at equilibrium.

    FACTORS NOT AFFECTING EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT


    Time taken in the attainment of equilibrium
    Presence of catalyst
    Concentration of reactants and products involved.
    Pressure [kx will be affected if n 0]

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