Bibliografi

.
Abraham, M.R. (1997). The learning cycle approach to science instruction. Research
Matters to the Science Teacher, [Online], [Diakses 2 Mac 2005]. Boleh didapati:
http://www.educ.sfu.ca/narstsite/publications/research/cycle.htm
Abraham, M.R. & Renner J.W. (1986). The sequence of learning cycle activities in high
school chemistry. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 23(22), m.s. 121-143.
Abraham, M.R & Birnie, H.H. (1985). Secondary school students belief about the
physics laboratory. Science Education, 69(5), m.s. 649-663.
Abraham, R. (1985). Field independence-dependence and teaching grammar. TESOL
Quarterly, 19, m.s. 689-702.
Abtar Kaur (1998). Designing Web pages for effective learning. Dalam Prosiding
Konvensyen Persatuan Teknologi Pendidikan Malaysia, Kali ke 11, m.s. 1-9.
Abu Bakar Nordin (1986). Asas Penilaian Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Heineman (M) Sdn.
Bhd.
Ahmad Ghazie Ibrahim (1994). Fokus beberapa pendekatan penilaian dalam mata
pelajaran Pendidikan Seni KBSM. Masalah Pendidikan, Kuala Lumpur: Universiti
Malaya. m.s. 91-98.
Ahmad Ghazie Ibrahim (2000). Pengajaran dan pembelajaran Pendidikan Seni di
sekolah, dulu, kini dan masa hadapan. Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Kebangsaan
Pendidikan Seni Visual, m.s. 97-102.
Alessi, S.M. & Trollip, S.R. (1991). Computer-Based Instruction: Methods and
Development. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Ambron, J. (1987). Writing to improve learning in Biology. Journal of College Science
Teaching, XVI (4), m.s. 263-266.
Anderson, T.D. & Joerg, W.B. (1996). WWW to support classroom teaching. Canadian
Journal of Educational Communication, 25(1), m.s. 19-35.
Aspillaga, M. (1991). Screen design: Location of information and effects on learning.
Journal of Computer Based Instruction, (18), m.s. 89-92.
Baharuddin Aris, Mohamad Bilal & Muhamad Kasim (2001). Pembelajaran fizik secara
kolaboratif menggunakan laman web dan Internet. VirTEC Journal, 1 (1). m.s. 13-24.

Baek, Y.K. & Layne, B.H. (1988). Color, graphics, and animation in a computer-assisted
learning tutorial lesson. Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 15(4), m.s. 131-135.
Becker, D. A. & Dwyer, M. M. (1994). Using hypermedia to provide learner control.
Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 3 (2), m.s. 155- 172.
Best, J.W. & Kahn, J.V. (1998). Research in Education (8th ed), Needham Height, MA:
Allyn & Bacon.
Beyon, J. & Macky,
H. (1993). Computer based Instruction: Methods and
Development . NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bland, J., Sundberg, C.W. & Goldston, M.J. (2004). The impact of an on line Learning
Cycle Module with pre-service elementary science teachers, American Educational
Research Association. [Online], [Diakses 12 Feb 2005]. Boleh didapati:
http://convention.allacademic.com/aera2004/view_paper_info.html
Bodzine, A. & Cats, W. (2003). Enhancing preservice teachers understanding of Webbased scientific inquiry. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 14(4), m.s. 1006-1072.
Borg, C. & Gall, M.D. (1989), Educational Research: An Introduction (5th ed), New York:
Longman.
Broadband Technology in Malaysia (2004). International Business Strategies, [Online],
[Diakses
12
Feb
2005].
Boleh
didapati:
http://www.internationalbusinesstrategies.com/data/TOC/27180411malaysia_broad_pag
es1-2.pdf
Brooks, J.G. & Brooks, M.G. (1993). Traditional vs. constructivist classrooms.
Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, (ASCD).
Bruner, J.S. (1960). The Process of Education. New York : Vintage Books.
Brunner, J.B. (1974). Beyond the Information Given. New York: Notton.
Bruning, R., Schraw, G. & Ronning, (1995). Cognitive Psychology and Instruction. (2 nd
Ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Carin, A.A. & Sund, R.B. (1971). Developing Question Techniques: A Self-Concept
Approach. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.
Carlson, D.A. (1975). Training in formal reasoning abilities provided by the inquiry role
approach and achievement on the Piagetian formal operational level. Dissertation
Abstract, 36 (11) :7364A.

Chang H.W. (1997). Teori Seni Tampak: Asas Seni Reka. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Chinien, C. & Boutin, F. (1993). Cognitive style FD/FI: An important learner
characteristic for educational technologists. Journal of Educational Technology
Systems, 21(24), m.s. 303-311.
Ching, L., Chen, S.Y. & Macredie, R.D. (2002). Cognitive styles and hypermedia
navigation: Development of a learning model. Journal of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology, 53(1), m.s. 375-402.
Chou, C. & Lin, H. (1998). The effect of navigation map types and cognitive styles on
learners performance in computer-networked hypertext learning system. Journal of
Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 7(2/3), m.s. 151-176.
Collins, A. & Stevens, A.L. (1983). A cognitive theory of inquiry teaching. Di dalam
Reigeluth (Ed.) Instructional Design Theories and Models: An Overview of Their Current
Status, Hillsdale: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. m.s. 250-276.
Collins, B. (1996). The Internet as an educational innovation: Lessons from experience
with computer implementation. Educational Technology, 36 (6), m.s. 21-30.
Cook, T.D. & Campbell, D.F. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation Design & Analyisis Issues
for Field Settings. Chicago: Rand Mc Nally.
Day, T.M. (1996). The effects of www instruction on learning styles on achievement and
changes in student attitudes in a technical writing in agricommunication course. MSc
Thesis, Mississippi State University, Dissertation Abstract, [Online], AA113824767,
[Diakses
12
Jan
2005].
Boleh
didapati:
http://education.ti.com/us/resources/research/parta.html
De Grave, W.S., Dolmans, D. & Van Der Vleuten, C.P.M. (1999). Profiles of effective
tutors in PBL: Scaffolding student learning. Medical Education, 33, m.s. 901-906.
Dershem, H. (1996). Finding and developing research experiences for undergraduates
in the small college setting. The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges, 12(12), m.s.
94-95.
Dick, W., Carey, L. M., & Carey, J.O. (2001). The Systematic Design of Instruction (5 th
Ed.). New York: Addison-Wesley.
Duin, A.H. (1988). Factors that influence how readers learn from text: Guidelines for
structuring technical documents. Technical Communication, (36), m.s. 97-101.

Durfensne, A. & Turcotte, S. (1997). Cognitive style and its implications for navigation
strategies.
[Online],
[Diakses:
5
April
2004].
Boleh
didapati:
http://www.esi.umontreal.ca/~dufresne/CONTENU2.html.
DiVesta, F. (1975). Trait-treatment interaction, cognitive processes, and research on
communication media. A V Communication Review, (23), m.s. 185-196.
Driver, R., Squires, A., Rushworth, P. & Wood, R.V. (1994). Making Sense of Secondary
Science: Research into Childrens Ideas. New York: Routhledge.
Eager, B. (1994). Using the World Wide Web. Indianapolis: Que Corporation.
Eager, B., Pike, M. A., Chandler, D., Cook, D. Kirkner, B. & Minatel, J.M. (1995). Using
The World Wide Web and Mosaic (Special Edition). Indianapolis IN: Que Corporation.
Ebel, R.L. (1979). Essentials of Education Measurement (2nd ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice Hall.
Faeza Mohamed Asri & Merza Abbas (2005). Kesan kitar pembelajaran terhadap
kefahaman konsep dan penaakulan saintifik di kalangan pelajar tingkatan satu dalam
subjek sains. Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke- 18, m.s. 756-775.
Ford, N. & Chen, S.Y. (2000), Individual differences, hypermedia navigation and
learning: An empirical study. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 9 (2),
m.s. 73-81.
Fortier, F. (2000). Virtual communities, real struggles: Seeking alternatives for
democractic networking: Dalam Gurstein, M. (Ed) Community Informatics: Enabling
Communities with Information and Communication Technologies. London: Idea Group
Publishing.
Fosnot, C.T. (1989). Enquiring Teacher, Enquiring Learners: A Constructivist Approach
to Teaching. Wolfebro, NH: Teachers College Press.
Gagne, R.M. (1985). The Condition of Learning (4th ed.). New York: Holt Rine Hart &
Winston.
Gagne, R.M. & Driscoll, M.P.(1988). Essential of Learning for Instruction. (2 nd. ed.).
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Gagne, R.M., Wager, W. & Rojas, A. (1981). Planning and authoring computer-assisted
instruction lessons. Educational Technology, (29), m.s. 17-6.
Gatlin, L. S. (1998). The effect of pedagogy infomed by constructivism: A comparison of
student achievement across constructivist and traditional classroom enviroments

(Science education). (Ph.D Dissertation, University of New Orleans). UMI ProQuest

Digital Dissertations Publications No.AAT 9900967.
Geber, C. (1993). Booming commercial use changes face of Internet, Infoworld, 15(15),
m.s.1-53.
Governor, D. (1998). Cognitive styles and metacognition in web based instruction.
[Online],
[Diakses:
5
April
2004].
Boleh
didapati:
http://www.members.cox.net/vogannod/THESIS.html
Green, S.M., Salkind, N.J. & Akey, T.M. (1997). Using SPSS for Windows: Analysing
and Understanding Data. NJ: Prentice Hall.
Grunwald Associates (1999). [Online]. [Diakses 2 Feb 2000]. Boleh didapati:
http://www.grunwald.com/survey/figures.htm
Hackbart, S. (1997), Web-based learning in the context of K-12 school curriculums.
Educational Technology, 37 (3), m.s. 59-71.
Hair, J.E., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. & Black, W.C. (2003). Multivariate Data
Analysis, (5th Ed). NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hall, J.K. (2000). Field dependence-independence and computer-based instruction in
geography. (Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic and State University). ProQuest
Digital Dissertations Publications No.AAT 9900988.
Hambric, P.J. (1997). An investigation of World Wide Web use on problem solving of
fifth grade students. EdD Dissertation, United States International University.
Dissertation Abstracts International,AA19809443
Hamidah Maidinshah (2004). Keberkesanan kaedah pengajaran Metakognisi-inkuiri
(MI) dalam pencapaian matematik dan perkembangan keupayaan penaakulan saintifik
di kalangan pelajar IPT. Tesis Doktor Falsafah tidak diterbitkan. Universiti Sains
Malaysia.
Hanafi Atan, Ahmad Hanizar, Saw Kim & Rozhan (2003). Science Educational Software
in Malaysian Smart Schools: An Evaluation of Pedagogical and Communicative
Dimensions. Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke-16, m.s. 351-356.
Handal, B. & Herrington, A., (2003). Re-Examining categories of computer-based
learning in mathematics education. [Online], [Diakses: 15 April 2005]. Boleh didapati:
http://www.citejournal.org/vol3/iss3/mathematics/article1.cfm
Heines, J.M. (1984). Screen Design Strategies for Computer-Assisted Instruction.
Bedford, MA: Digital.

Heinich, R. Molenda, M. Russell,J.D. & Smaldino, S. (1999). Instructional Media and

Technologies for Learning. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Merrill
Herron, M.D. (1971). The nature of scientific inquiry, School Review,79(2), m.s. 171212.
Hobs, D.L. (2002). A constructivist approach to web design: A review of the literature.
International Journal on E-Learning, 2002(2), m.s. 60-65.
Hu, J. (1998). The relationship between hypermedia features and the learning
style/cognitive control of hypermedia developers. (Doctoral Dissertation, West
Virginia University). [Online], [Diakses: 15 April 2005]. Boleh didapati:
http://www.etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=691
Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Pendidikan Seni Visual (2003). Pusat Perkembangan
Kurikulum, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka.
Iberahim Hassan (2000). Matlamat dan objektif pendidikan seni (visual) untuk sekolah
menengah: Perlu kajian semula. Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Kebangsaan Pendidikan
Seni Visual, 23-25 Mei 2000, Kuala Lumpur: Balai Seni Lukis Negara. m.s. 6-16.
International Business Strategies (2004). [Online]. [Diakses 12 Feb 2005]. Boleh
didapati:
http://www.internationalbusinesstrategies.com/data/TOC/27180411malaysia_broad_pag
es1-2.pdf
Internet World Stars (2004). Top 20 countries with highest number of Internet users,
[Online], [Diakses 24 Jan 2005]. Boleh didapati: www.InternetWorldStars.com
Irfan Naufal Umar (2003). Penilaian laman web pendidikan di Malaysia: Satu tinjauan.
Dalam Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke-16, m.s. 326-328.
Ivins, J.E. (1986), A comparison effects of two instructional sequences involving science
laboratory activities. Dissertation Abstracts International, [Online], 46(8), 2254A.
[Diakses
24
Jan
2005].
Boleh
didapati:
http://www.educ.sfu.ca/narstsite/publications/research/2254a.htm
Jamaluddin Mohaidin (1999). Konstruktivisme: Aplikasinya dalam reka bentuk
pembelajaran berasaskan web, Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke
12, 8-10 Oktober, 1999, Port Dikson, Persatuan Teknologi Pendidikan Malaysia, m.s. 114.
Jirousek, J. (1995). Art, Design and Visual Thinking. [Online], [Diakses 10 Feb 2005].
Boleh didapati: http://char.txa.cornell.edu/about.htm

Jonassen, D. H. & Grabowski, B. L. (1993). Handbook of Individual Differences:

Learning & Instruction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Kaufman, D.M. & Holms, D.B. (1998). The relationship of tutors content expertise to
inventions in a problem-based medical curriculum. Medical Educations, 32, m.s. 255261.
Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of ARCS in instructional design: A transcultural approach. Journal of Instructional Development, 10(3), m.s. 2-10.
Keller, J.M. (1983). Motivational design of instruction, Dalam Reigeluth (Ed.)
Instructional Design Theories and Models: An Overview of Their Current Status,
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. m.s. 383-436.
Khan, B.H. (1999). Web-Based Instruction. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational
Technology Publications.
Kurikulum Pendidikan Seni Visual
(2002).
Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum,
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Landa, L. N. (1983). The algoheuristic theory of instruction. Dalam Reigeluth (Ed.)
Instructional Design Theories and Models: An Overview of Their Current Status,
Hillsdale: Lawrance Earlbaum Associates. m.s. 257-776.
Laporan Prestasi SPM (2003). Kuala Lumpur: Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia,
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Lawson, A. E. (1995). Science Teaching and The Development of Thinking. California:
Wadsworth Publishing Company
Leader, L.E. & Klein, J.D. (1996). The effects of search tool type and cognitive style on
performance during hypermedia database search. ETR & D, 44(2), m.s. 5-15.
Lepper, M.R. (1985). Microcomputer in education: Motivational and social issues.
American Psychologist, (40), m.s. 1-18.
Lepper, M.R. & Chabay, R.W. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and instruction: Conflicting
views on the role of motivational processes in computer-based education. Educational
Psychologist, (20), m.s. 217-231.
Lepper, M.R. & Malone, T.W. (1987). Intrinsic motivation and instructional effectiveness
in computer-based education, Learning and Instruction, (21), m.s. 225-286.

Lieu, M. & Reed, M. (1994). The relationship between the learning strategies and
learning styles in a hypermedia enviroment. Computers in Human Behavior, 10, m.s.
419-434.
Lin, C. & Davidson, G. (1996). Effect of linking structure and cognitive style on students
performance and attitude in computer-based hypertext enviroment. Journal of
Educational Computing Research, 15 (4), m.s. 317-329.
Lyons-Lawrence, C.L. (1994). Effect of learning style on performance in using
computer-based instruction in office systems. The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal. XXXVI(3),
m.s. 166-175.
Loot, G.W. (1983). The effect of inquiry teaching and advance organizers upon student
outcomes in Science Education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 20 (83), m.s.
437-451.
Lourdusamy, A. (1994). Perbezaan gaya kognitif individu dan implikasinya terhadap
pendidikan. Dalam: Siri Syarahan Perlantikan Profesor (1995/3), 5 Feb 1994, Pulau
Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Main, J.D. (1993). The relatation of locus-of-control orientation and task structure to
problem solving performance of sixth-grade student pairs. Journal of Research in
Science Teaching, 30 (4), m.s. 4001-426.
Marketer (1999). Net User demographics: Education [Online], [Diakses, 12 Feb 2005].
Boleh didapati: http://www.emarketer.com/estats/demo.educations.html
Marzita Abdullah (2001). Kegawatan-Projek Sekolah Bestari Tidak Terjejas, [Online],
[Diakses
12
Feb
2005].
Boleh
didapati:
http://www.utusan.com.my/laporansekolahbestari.htm
McComas, W.F (1992). The nature of exemplary practice in secondary school science
laboratory instruction: A case study approach, Dissertation Abstracts International,
[Online].52(12),
4284A,
[Diakses
25
Feb
2005].
Boleh
didapati:
http://www.educ.sfu.ca/narstsite/publications/research/4284a.htm
Melara, G.E. (1996). Investigating learning styles on different hypertext environments:
Hierarchical-like and network-like structures. Journal of Educational Computing
Research, 14(4), m.s. 313-328.
Mellon, C.A. (1986). Library anxiety: A grounded theory and its development, College
and Research Libraries, (47), m.s. 160-165.
Messick, S. (1976). Personality consistencies in cognition and creativity. Dalam S.
Messick and Associates (Eds), Individuality in Learning. San Francisco, CA: JosseyBass.

Minges, M. & Gray, V. (2001). Internet in South Asia, [Online]. [Diakses 25 Feb 2005].
Boleh didapati: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/cs/
Miller, G. (1997). Are Distance Education Programs More Acceptable to Fieldindependent Learners?. ERIC Document Reproduction Service. No. ED 409854.
Mohd. Majid Konting (1998). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka
Mohd Salleh Abu & Zaidatun Tasir (2001). Pengenalan Kepada Analisis Data
Berkomputer SPSS 10.0 for Windows. Kuala Lumpur: Venton Publishing
Morvant, M.C. (2001). Guided Inquiry Improves Student Success in Large Lecture
Section of General Chemistry, Chemistry, Texas A&M University, [Online]. [Diakses 25
Feb 2005]. Boleh didapati: http://www.ecept.net/2310255.html
Musheno, B.V. & Lawson, A.E. (1999). Effects of learning cycle and traditional text on
comprehension of science concepts by students at different reasoning levels. JRST,
99(36), m.s. 23-37.
National Research Council (1996). National Science Education Standards. Washington,
D.C: National Academy Press.
Ng, W.K. (1981). The interactive effects of general ability, field dependence and anxiety
with redundant treatment in achievement. Doctoral Dissertation, Indiana University.
Ng, W.K. (1999). Konstruktivisme dalam teknologi pengajaran. Dalam Prosiding
Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke 12, m.s. 65-75.
Nua Internet Surveys (1999). How many online: World Wide Web (Web Document),
[Online].
[Diakses
12
Feb
2005].
Boleh
didapati:
http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/world.html.
Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd Ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Philip, E.M. (2004). Promoting Student Inquiry: Webquests to web Inquiry projects.
[Online].
[Diakses
11
Jan
2005].
Boleh
didapati:
http://www.webinquiry/projects/concept/paper.htm
Piaget, J. (1971). The Children Conception of The World, London: Routledge & Kagan
Paul
Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child. Quarterly, 31 (1), m.s. 36-60.

Raghubir, K.P. (1979). The laboratory-investigative approach to science instruction.

Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 16(1), m.s. 13-18.
Rubin, A. (1998). Educational technology: Support for inquiry-based learning. [Online].
[Diakses 21 Jan 2005]. Boleh didapati: http://ra.terc.edu/publications/TERC_pubs/techinfusion/ed_tech/ed_tech_intro.htm
Saigo, B. W. (1999), A study of comparing traditional and constructivism-based
instruction of high school biology unit on biosystematics. (Ph.D. dissertation, The
University of Iowa). UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations Publication No. AAT 9945449.
Scandura, J.M. (1983). The structural learning theory. Dalam Reigeluth, C.M (Ed)
Intructional-design Theories and Models : An Overview of Their Current Status.
Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Schwier
(2002).
[Online],
[Diakses
www.usask.ca/education/edducur/edcomm/

23

Feb

2005].

Boleh

didapati:

Schulman, L.S. & Tamir, P. (1973). Research on teaching in the natural science. Dalam
Second Handbook of Research on Teaching. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Sharifah Mastura Syed Ahmad (1997). Internet dan Anda Teman Untuk Melangkah ke
Dunia Siber. Kuala Lumpur: Federal Publications.
Sherry, Y.C. (2005). A flexible interface design for web directories to accommodate
different cognitive styles. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and
Technology, 56(1), m.s. 70-83.
Shih, C. & Gamon, J. (1999). Student learning styles, motivation, learning strategies,
and achievement in web-based course. Proceedings of the 1st Annual Congress on the
Impact of Technology Upon Learning, m.s. 120-154.
Skinner, B.F. (1965). Reflections on Decade of Teaching Machines: Teaching Machines
and Programmed Learning II. Washington D.C: National Education Association.
Spiro, R.J., Coulson, R.L. Feltovich, P.J. & Anderson, D.K. (1988). Cognitive Flexibility
Theory: Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Ill-structured Domains. (Technical Report
no.441). Champaign, IL: University of Illinois.
Spiro, R.J., Feltovich, P.J., Jacobson, M.J. & Coulson, R.L. (1991). Cognitive flexibility,
constructivism, and hypertext: Random access instruction for advanced knowledge
acquisition in ill-structured domains. Educational Technology, [Online]. [Diakses 28 Feb
2005], m.s. 24-33. Boleh didapati: http://www.ilt/papers/Spiro.html
Steinberg, E.R. (1977). Review of student control in computer-assisted instruction.
Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, (13,. m.s. 117-121.

Summervillle, J. (1999). Role of awareness of cognitive style in hypermedia.

International Journal of Educational Technology. [Online], [Diakses: 15 Ogos 2005].
Boleh didapati: http://www.outreach.uiuc.edu/ijet/v1n1/summerville/.
Tabacnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics (4th Ed.). Boston:
Allyn and Bacon.
Tamrin Anuar (2003). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia [Online]. [Diakses 28 Feb
2005]. Boleh didapati:
http://www.ppk.kpm.my/html/berita/berita18120303.htm
Tennyson, R. D. & Rothen, W. (1978). Application of Baye's theory in designing
computer-based adaptive instructional strategies. Educational Psychologist, (12), m.s.
317-323.
Thomas, F.M. (1996). Delivering Instruction on the World Wide Web, University of Texas
[Online].
[Diakses:
14
Feb
2005].
Boleh
didapati:
http://www.svsu.edu/~mcmanus/papers/wbi.html
Thuring, M.,Mannemann, J. & Haake, J. (1995). Hypermedia and cognition: Designing
for comprehension. Communications of the ACM, 38(8), m.s. 57-66.
Tina Lim Swee Kim (2002). Pembelajaran Web: Kesan pendekatan konstruktivis
berbanding pendekatan langsung terhadap pencapaian sains dan kemahiran berfikir
aras tinggi pelajar-pelajar tingkatan empat. Tesis Doktor Falsafah tidak diterbitkan.
Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Unit Komputer Dalam Pendidikan Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum (2001).
Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (ICT) dalam Pengajaran dan
Pembelajaran. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society. Dalam Cole, M., Steiner, V.J., Scrbaer, S., &
Souberman, E. The Development of Psycohological Process. MA: Havard University
Press.
Wang, P., Hawk, W.B. & Tenopir, C. (2000). Users interaction with World Wide Web
resources: An exploratory study using a holistic approach. Information Processing and
Management, 36, m.s. 229-251.
Wang, S. R. & Jonassen, D. H. (1993). Investigating the effects of individual differences
on performance in cognitive flexibility hypertexts. Dalam The Annual Meeting of the
American Educational Research Association, m.s. 19-33.
Weller, H. G., Repman, J. & Lan, W. (1993). Do individual differences matter? Learner
characteristics and achievement in hypermedia-based instruction. Dalam The Annual
Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, m.s. 44-52.

Weller, H.G., Repman, J. & Rooze, G.E. (1994). The relationship of learning, behavior,
and cognitive style in hypermedia-based instruction. [Online], [Diakses: 15 April 2005].
Boleh didapati: http://www.etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=544.
Westra, W. (1999). Paradoxes in open networked learning environments: Toward a
paradigm shift. Educational Technology, 39(1), m.s. 17-23.
Wey, P. & Waugh, M. L. (1993). The effects of different interface presentation modes
and users' individual differences on users' hypertext information access performance.
Dalam The Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, m.s.
61-67.
Whyte, M., Karolick, D. & Taylor, M.D. (1995). Cognitive style and their impact on
curriculum development. Educational Communications and Technology, 1996, m.s. 783799.
Witkin, H.A., Moore, C.A., Goodenough, D.R. & Cox, P.W. (1977). Field DependentField Independent cognitive styles and their educational implication. Review of
Educational Research. 47,(1), m.s. 1-64.
Witkin, H.A., Oltman, P., Raskin, E. & Karp, S. (1971). A Manual for the Embedded
Figures Test. Palo Alto CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Yoon, G.S. (1994), The effect of instructional control, cognitive style, and prior
knowledge on learning of computer-assisted instruction. Journal of Educational
Technology Systems, 22, m.s. 357-370.