{io l\p-am Nmeok

tKmkzman Xpf-ko-Zmkv

{io l\p-am Nmenk

Xpf-ko-cm-am-b-W-ns cN-bn-Xm-hmb tKmkzman Xpf-ko-Zm-kns hfsc {]i-kvX-amb Hcp
{K-amWv {io l\p-am Nmen-k. Atlw tcmK-_m-[n-X-\mbn InS-n-cp ka-b-m-Wt{X
BZy-ambn l\p-ams\ kvXpXnv ]mSn-b-sXpw, XpSv tcmK-hn-ap--\m-sbpw ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
Cuiz-cs Ion-Isf/{]i-kvXnsbn ]mSn-p-I-gvp-XneqsS \psS a\pw hmp-Ifpw
ip-am-Ip-p. Xpfkocmam-b-W-n kpcIm--n-emWv l\p-ams Ion-sb-n
{]iwknp l\pam Nmenk cNn-n-cn-p--Xv.

AXp-enXv_e-[maw kz-ssi-em-`-tZlw
Z\p-P--h-\--Ip-im\pw m\n\ma{K-KWyw

kI-e--Kp-W-\n-[m\w hm\-cm-Wm-a-[oiw
cLp-]Xn-{]n-b-`w hmX-PmXw \aman

ll

Atbm hmbp-]p{Xm! AXp-ey-i-n-bpsS hmk-m-\-hpw, kzm \nn--s--t]mse

Xnf-p ico-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb-h\pw, ZptZ-h-X-am-cpsS/ZpjvS-m-cpsS hwis apgp-h\pw hngpm Ign-hp Hc-Kv\n-sb-tmsebp-h-\pw, t{ijvT-m-cn t{ijvT\pw, ta-bpsS/kI-e-Kp-W-fp-tSbpw Ie-h-dbpw, Ipc--m-cp-sS-sbmw Cui-\pw,
{iocm-a-N-{s {]nb-`--\p-amb
Asb Rm \a-kvI-cn-p-p.

kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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{io l\p-am Nmeok

tKmkzman Xpf-ko-Zmkv

{io l\p-am-\n BZy-ambn ImWp {]tXy-IX hn\-b-am-Wv. cmh-W hfsc in-am-\m-bncpp, Fm Al-m-cnbpw Zpc-`n-am-\n-bp-am-bn-cp-p. As\ Hcm Bcp-sSbpw A[n-]-\m-bn-cnmt\m Bcp-sSbpw BZ-chv kzoI-cn-mt\m Al-\-. {io l\p-am hm\-c-m-cp-sS, Ah-tcmSv
Bm-X-bp t\Xm-hm-bn-cp-p. {iocm-a\v Atlw hfsc {]nb---h-\m-bn-cp-p. l\p-am
{iocm-as {]nb-s `-\m-bn-cp-p. bmsXm-cp-h-\mtWm Cuiz-cs\ hf-sc-b-[nIw kvt\ln-ppXv/_lp-am-\n-p--Xv, Ahs\ Cuiz-c XtmSv ImWn--Xns 1000/Bbncw aSv kvt\lnp-sav cmam-b-W-n-eqsS \app a\-n-em-m km[n-pw.
{io l\p-ams kz`m-hs \mw Dsm--Ww. Xs Kpcp-hns\/kzmansb tkhn-p--Xn
l\p-ams AXp-ey-hpw hyXn-N-en-m--Xp-amb hnizm-khpw `nbpw \mw a\-n-em--Ww.
{iocm-as\ ImWp--Xp-hsc l\p-am kp{Ko-hs tkh-I-\m-bn-cpp, AXp-hsc l\p-ams Ignhp-Ifpw inbpw \n{Zm-h--bn-em-bn-cp-p. {iocm-as A\p-{K-l-n-eqsS am{Xta B Ign-hp-Isfmw ]pdp-sIm-p-h-cm\m-bp-p. kp{Ko-h\v l\p-ams B Ign-hp-I ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-cp-Xn\v km[n-n-, Atlw kzw ktlm-Z-cs\/hmensb `bv l\p-ams B{in-X-\mbn Ignbp-I-bm-bn-cp-p, A-s\-sbm-cm F-s\-bmWv asm-cm-fpsS Kpcp-hm-Ip-Xv?
{io l\p-am Nmeok-bn 40/\mXp tmI--fm-Wp-Xv. {io l\p-am Fm-hpw \
PohnXw sImSp-p. kp{Ko-h\v hmen-bn\n-p-ap `bw AI-n, hn`o-j-Ws\ {iocm-a-]m-Z-n
A`-bw-tX-Sm t{]cn-np AXp-hgn hn`o-j-W e-bpsS cmPm-hm-bn, {iocm-a-k-tiw Andnbnv
koXm-tZ-hnbpsS PohnXw cn-p, kRvPo-h\n sImp-hv eva-Ws\ ]p\o-hn-n-p,
{iocm-a Xncn-s-p--Xn-\p-ap]v Atbm-y-bn-sen, `c-Xs\ {iocm-a- Xncn-s-p-psh
k-tiw Adnbnv AXphgn `c-Xs\ Blq-Xn-sN-p--Xn\npw cn-p. {io l\p-am
Nmenk-bn Xpf-ko-Zmkv {]Xn-]m-Zn-p kvXpXn-I Ch-sbm-s-bm-Wv.
\apv If--tamsX Pohn-m hfsc _pn-ap-m-Wv. sNp-Xv icn-bm-bmepw sXm-bm-epw,
hnai-\-fpw Ipm-tcm-]-W-fpw kam--c-am-bnv Fm-h-cp-sS-bpw-t\v hcpp AY-hm,
Fm-hpw Ahsb t\cn-tS-n-h-cp-p, Hcp-h\pw CXn\npw c-s-Sm Ign-bn-. {iocma [mo-I-aq-ey--fp Ah-Xm-c-am-bn-cp-p AXp-t]m-se, koXm-tZhn ]cn-ip-n-bpsS Da
amXr-I-bm-bn-cp-p, Fm, Ahpw Ip-s-Sp--ep-I-tfbpw hnai-\--tfbpw t\cn-tS-nhp. Hcp If-hpw hnai-\--fp-tam Htc-sbm-cp-hy-nsb am{Xsa \app cmam-b-Wn ImWp-hm km[n-p, AXv am-cp-a-, kmm {io l\p-am.
{io l\p-am Nmeok Cy-bpsS ]e-`m-K--fnepw ]e-co-Xn-bn-emWv sNmp--Xv. Nne Znh-khpw
{]m-\-bmbn sNmp-p, 7/Ggp{]mh-iytam 100/\qdp-{]m-h-iytam sNmn-bm tcmK-imn e`np--Xmbn Nne Icp-Xp-p, ap-Nn-e sNmm-gvN-I-fnepw i\n-bm-gvN-I-fnepw CXp sNmp-p,
B Znhkw apgp-h\pw l\p-ams Nn-I-fn apgp-Ip-p, l\p-ams A-e-n t]mIp-p.
As\ Cy-ap-gp-h\pw CXv `mc-X-kw-kvIm-c-n-sbpw aX-hn-izm-k-n-sbpw `mK-am-bnop.

kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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tKmkzman Xpf-ko-Zmkv

{io l\p-am Nmeok

{io l\p-am Nmeok

{io l\p-am-s\-p-dn-p 40 kvXpXn-I
{io l\p-am Nmeok cNn-n-cn-p-Xv BhYn `mj-bn-em-Wv. CXv {iocm-a-N-{s P-`q-an-bmb
Atbm-y-bnse/D{]-tZ-inse Am-es \mtSm-Sn-`m-j-bm-bn-cp-p.

tZml
Xpf-ko-Zmkv Kpcp-hns\ kvacnp-sIm-mWv l\p-am Nmeok XpS-p--Xv.
{io Kpcp Nc\v ktcmPv cPv \nPva\v apIpcv kp[mcn I
_c-\D cLp-_cv _nae Pkp tPm ZmbIv ^ev Nmcn II
Kpcp-hns ]mZ-]--nse s]mSn-sImv Fs a\-ns ImSn XpSv hrn-bmn/ip-amn, cLp-h-cs/l\p-ams DXvIr-jvS-amb aln-a-I, \nfpsS ^e-{]m-]vXn-m-bnv Rm
]d-p-X-cmw.
Xpf-ko-cm-am-b-W-n ]d-bp-p, {io l\p-am {iocm-a-N-{-sbpw koXm-tZ-hn-bp-sSbpw
hfp-]p-{X-\msWv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs {iocm-astbpw koXm-tZ-hnbp-sSbpw aI F
\ne-bn l\p-am cLp-hw-i-n Ds-Spp. AXp-t]m-seXs l\p-ams Ipeo-\-hpw
Bo-b-hp-amb e-W-fpw At-ls ]c-a-amb cLp-hw-i-n Cs-Sp-pp. AXpsIm-mWv l\p-ams\ Xpf-ko-Zmkv cLp-_ Fv kwt_m-[-\-sN-bvX-Xv. XpSv Xpf-ko-Zmkv
]d-bp-p, l\p-ams Cu aln-a-I kvXpXn-p--Xp-sImv \apv Pohn-X-nse [w,
Aw, Imaw, tamw Fo \mep {][m\ ey-sf ssIh-cn-m-\m-Ipw. (Ax = [\w,
sFizcyw, Ima-x = euIo-I-amb B\w/C{-b-kpJw, [x = Hcp-h\v [\hpw ktm-jhpw
Hs-bp-m-bn-cnmw Fm {]iw-kml-amb {]hr-n-I-sfmpw Abm \n-ln-pn,
A-s\-bp--h-sc-smv Bpw Hcp {]tbm-N-\-hp-an-. l\p-ams Ion-Isf kvXpXn-p-Xn-eqsS \apv kz-{]m-]vXn-m-bn-p [hpw ]pWyhpw e`n-p-p. a\p-jy-P--nse
Ghpw {][m-\-s eyw P\-\-a-c-W--fn\n-p-ap apn-bm-Wv, AXmWv tamw.
{io l\p-ams Ion-I sNmp--Xn-\p-ap]mbn \mw \psS a\v kzbw ipo-I-cn-t-Xp-v. \psS a\-nse Id-I \op--Xn-\m-bnv BZy-ambn \mw Kpcp-hns Im
kmjvSmwKw {]W-an--Ww. ChnsS Xpf-ko-Zmkv \-tfmSp ]d-bpp Rm Fs a\-ns
ImSn hrn-bmpw Xqew `K-hms Ion-I AXn {]Xn-^-enpw Fv. a\-ns
ImSn F-s\-bmWv hrn-bm-p-Xv Fm-sW-n {io Kpcp Nc\v ktcmPv cPv = Kpcphns ]mZ-]--n-\-Sn-bnse ap-sIm-v, \nPva\v apIpcv = a\-ns Im-Sn, kp[mcn = hrnbm-n, _c-\D cLp-_cv _nae Pkp = cLp-h-cs/l\p-ams t{i-jvS-amb Ion-Isfn
Rm hnh-cn-mw. tPm ZmbIv ^ev Nmcn = AXv DXvIr-jvS--fmb ^es {]Zm-\w-sN-p-p.
_pnlo\v X\p Pm\nssI kpancu ]h\v Ipamcv I
_e _pn _nZym tZlp samln lclp Itekv _nIm-cv. II
Adnhn-m--h-\mWv
Rms\-dn-p-sIm-p-Xs
tl!
_pnbpw/hnth-Ihpw Adnhpw Xv Fs A\p-{K-ln-m-epw.
Fs Fm ti-fpw AI-m.
kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

hmbp-]p{Xm,
Btcm-Kyhpw
Cu Hcp A\pKlwam{Xw aXn
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tKmkzman Xpf-ko-Zmkv

{io l\p-am Nmeok

]h\ Ipam F hmns Aw, hmbp-`-K-hms ]p{X-s\-m-Wv. Imv Ftmgpw hoin-smn-cn-p-p, AXv henb ipo-I-c-W-{]{In-bbmWv sNp-Xv. AXp-t]mse, hmbp-]p-{X-\mb {io
l\p-am bm{X-sN-p hgnI-sfmw ipampp. At-l-hp-ambn _-s-Sp Fm-hcpw
ipo-I-cn--s-Sp-p. kqcy ]Iepw, N{ cm{Xn-bnepw {]Im-in-pp, AXns kmoyw
AXm-Xns {]Im-i-n-q-Sn-am-{Xta Adnbp-hm Ign-bp-I-bp-p Fm hmbp-hm-Is,
]Iepw cm{Xn-bnepw AZr-iy-\mbn bmsXmcp {]Xm-]-hpw-Iq-Sm-sX, \s tkhn-p-sIm-n-cn-pp, \-p-sS-bp-n {]mW-\mbn \ne-sIm-p-p, AXns B`m-h-n \nan-j-Iw \mw
acnp-p. AXp-t]mse {io l\p-ams Pohn-Xw apgp-h\pw/ Pohn-X-e-yhpw bmsXmcp Ktm
Al-m-ctam Cm-sX-bp {iocm-a-tk-h-bm-bn-cpp. l\pams ta-d KpW--fmWv \mw
Dsm-t--Xv. {]iw-ktbm {]Xn-^-e-tam- Iq-SmsX \appw \ni-_vZ-ambn ap--hsc klmbn-mw.

Nu]mbn :
Pbv l\p-am\v Mym\v KpW kmK I Pbv I]okv

Xnlpw-temIv DPmKcv II 1 II

l\p-am hnP-bn-s! Av Adn-hn-tbpw \-bptSbpw kmK-c-am-Wv, Ipc--m-cpsS cmPmhv

hnP-bn-s! Av aqp-tem-I--fnepw Adnb-s-Sp-p. (I-]ojv F ]Z-n\v {_-m\s ]m\w-sN-bvX-h Fsmcp AwIqSn-bp-v (I = m\w, ]o = ]m\w-sN-pI).
l\p-am shfp-m--Im-emWv P\n--Xv. kqtcym-Z-bw-Iv/DZn-p-b-cp kqcy-s\-v AXv
a[p-c-ap Hcp ]g-am-sW-p-I-cpXn kqcy-\p-t\v IpXn-p-Ibpw kqcys\ hngp-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. temIw -ap-gp-h\pw A-Im-c-n-em-bn. kqcys\ hngp-nb B sNdn-b-Ipn Bcm-sWv
Bpw Adnbn-m-bn-cp-p. Bk-a-bv tZh-m-cpsS cmPm-hmb tZth-{ At-l-ns
h{Pm-bp[wsImv B Ipn-bpsS hmbn-\p-t\sc shp-Ibpw kqcys\ kzX-{-\m-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Ahs XmSn cmbn ]nfp, hmbpw ho \ne-bn-embn. C{s h{Pmbp[w ]Xnm acWw \n-b-am-bn-cp-npw B Ipn acnn, ]Icw t_m[-an-mXmbn (l-\p-am Hcp
km[m-cW inip-h--sm). kw`-h-a-dn hmbp-tZ-h hfsc tIm]n-jvT\m-hp-Ibpw hmbp-kmcw \np-Ibpw sNbvXp. hmbp-hns B`m-h-n Fm-hcpw acnpXpS-n. Fm-hcpw
hmbp-tZ-hs\ {]mn-p-hmXp-Sn, FmtZh-mcpw hmbp-tZ-h-t\mSv amp-]-d-p. Atm,
hmbp-tZ-h Fm-tZ-h-m-tcm-Sp-am-bnv ]dp \n-tfm-tcm-cp-cpw \n-fpsS inbpw Ignhp-Ifpw Cu Ipnv A\p-{K-l-am-bnv sImSp-Wsav. As\ l\p-am\v Fm-tZ-h-m-cp-tSbpw
A\p-{Klw e`n-p. (l\p = XmSn, XmSn-bn-ep-mb ]nfn-s\-Xp-SmWv l\p-am F t]cp-h-Xv).
l\p-am m\--S-em-Wv. Ghpw henb Adnhv B-m-\-am-Wv, AXv l\p-am t\Sn-bn-pv. l\p-am\v Adnbm-am-bn-cpp Xm Bcm-sW-v. Hcn- {iocm-a l\p-am-t\mSp tNmZnp
Rm\p-ambn \n\-p _-sa-mWv? l\p-am Cs\ adp-]Sn ]dp ico-c-ns Xen\nv t\mn-bm Rm A-bpsS Zmk-\m-Wv, Pohs Xe-n\nv t\mn-bm
Rm A-bp-sS-Xs AwiI\mWv, Bm-hns Xe-n\nv t\mn-bm \ Ccp-hcpw
HmWv, CXmWv Fs ZrV-amb hnizmkw Fv. (tZ-l-_pym sXm Zmtkmlw Poh-_pym
XzZmw-iIx / B-_pym Xzta-Imlw CXn ta \nn-X-aXnx//)
cma-ZqXv AXp-enXv _ev-[mam I A-\n--]p{Xv ]h-\v--kpXv \ma II 2 II
{iocm-aZq-X-\mb Av Bcp-ambpw Xmc-XaywsNm ]m-{X in-am-\m-Wv, Av ARvP\n
]p{X-s\pw hmbp-]p-{X-s\pw Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
Hcp ZqX-\m-bn-cn-p-I-sb-Xv hf-sc-b-[nIw _pn-ap-p-]n-Sn tPmen-bm-Wv. ktiw hy-ambpw
IrXy-ambpw \Ip--Xn hf-sc-b-[nIw {i-th-Ww. l\p-ams B ZuXyw IqSp-X ti-I-ckzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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{io l\p-am Nmeok

tKmkzman Xpf-ko-Zmkv

am-bn-cp-p. kt-i-hp-am-bn-t]m-Ip-Xv i{Xp-hn-s-b-Sp-t-bvm-bn-cpp (cm-h-W-s-b-Sp-v). acW-n\v kmy-X-bp-m-bn-cp-npw, ZpjvS-m-cmb cm-k-m-cpsS InsSmsX BZyw-Xs
cl-ky-ambn koXm-tZ-hnsb sNp-Iv {iocm-as ktiw Adnbn-p. GXp ZuXy-ta-s-Spmepw AXv AXnh `n-tbmSpw ss[cy-tm-Spw-IqSn l\p-am sNbvXp-Xop-p, AXmWv
l\p-ams al-zw. Xpf-ko-Zmkv ]d-bp-p, l\p-ams in Hp-ambpw Xmc-XaywsNm
]m-Xm-Wv, Aam-\p-jo-I-amb in-bm-Wv Fv. A-\n--]p{Xv = ARvP-\n-bpsS ]p{X,
ARvP\n = ip-amb _pn/t_m[w, AXp-sImv lrZ-b-ip-n-bp A-bpsS aI. ARvP\v ap Nne A-Iq-Sn-bpv Ia-jn, Kpcp-Ir] (A-Xp-aqew CutemIw apgp-h\pw
{iocm-a-\m-sWv Xncn--dn-bp-p). -]p{Xv = ]p{X (am-Xm-]n-Xm-sf ]pw \c-I-{Xm-S-\n\npw/\c-I-n-tebvvt]mIp--Xn\npw
cn-p--h),
A-s\-bp
Hcp
]p{X\mbn-cpp {io l\p-am. amXm-]n-Xm-pw l\p-am {]ikvXn t\Sn-sm-Spp, Asn ARvP-\nsb Bc-dn-b-am-bn-cpp?.
alm-_ocv _n{Iav _P-cwKo I IpaXn \nhmcv kpaXn tI kwKo II 3 II
Av Hcp tbmm-hn-s\-tmse ss[cy-im-enbpw A-bpsS icocw h{Pw-t]mse Dd-p--Xp-amWv. Fnse Zpjn Nn-I-f-In hnth-I-ap--h-cp-am-bn-p kwk-w Dm-hm Fs A\p{K-ln-m-epw. ({io l\p-am \-fnse ZpjvNn--I-f-In \ Nn-I-fp-m-pp).
Ap Xc-n-ep [oc-X-sb-n thZ--fn ]d-n-p-. 1. XymK-hoc/[-hoc = B-]-cnXymKw ([w \ne-\np--Xp-\p-th-n-bn-p XymKw), 2. Zbm-hoc = ap--h-cpsS ZpxJ-n
IqSp-X A\p-I--bp--h/ap--h-cpsS ZpxJs ian-n-p--h, 3. hnZym-hoc = Adnhnepw
Adnbp--Xnepw hoc, 4. Zm\-hoc = Zm\-[--fn hoc (\- tNmZn-pXv Fpw l\pam Xcpw, AXn Ghpw hepXv cma-`-n-bm-Wv), 5. cW-hoc = bp--f-n ss[cy-imenbpw ]cm-{I-an-bp-amb tbmmhv. Cu]-d [oc-X-Isf-mw-Xs l\p-am-\p--Xp-sIm-m-Wv,
alm-_ocv Fv kwt_m-[\ sNbvX-Xv. _n{Iav = {]_-e-amb ss[cy-ap--h, _P-cwKn = h{P-An/l\pams icocw h{P-I-h-Nw-t]mse Dd-p--XmWv, IpaXn \nhmcv kpaXn tI kwKo =
l\p-am \psS a\-nse aoYym-t_m-[s Cm-Xm-n ip-t_m-[s {]Zm-\w-sN-p-p.
I\v _c\v _ncmPv kpt_km I Im\\v Ipev IpnXv tIkm II 4 II
A-bpsS annn-f-p kz-hw, BIj-Wo-b-amb hkv{X-pw ImXn-en-n-cnp Xnf-p Ip-e-pw Npcp apSn-pw IqSp-X Xnf--ta-Ipp.
lm[v _{Pv Hu [zPm _ncmssP I Imt aqwPv Pt\D kmssP II 5 II
A-bpsS Hcp In KZbpw at--n sImSnbpw IqSmsX Igp-ns\ Npn Npa-en-eqsS Cncn-p ap-p-p-sIm-p-m-nb ]qWqepw IqSp-X BIj-I--fm-bn-cn-p-p.
l\p-ams Hcp-I-n KZ-bm-Wp--Xv, AXv C{s h{Pm-bp-[w-t]mse hfsc in-tb-dn-bXpw
FXn-cm-fnsb \n{K-ln-mt]m--Xp-am-Wv. KZbvv asm-cw hmv Fm-Wv, AXv A-Xsbbpw Al-m-c-sbpw \in-nv icn-bmb Adnhv {]Zm-\w-sN-p-p. l\p-am at--n
{iocm-a-N-{s sImSn-bmWv ]nSn-n-cn-p--Xv, AXv kqNn-n-p-Xv Atlw Ftmgpw
{iocmas\ BZ-cn-p-p-sh-m-Wv. Hcp--e-p-\npw asmcp--e-tbvv ]d-p-tm,
l\p-ams ico-cw-Xs Hcp cYwt]m-se-bmWv, AXp-sIm-mWv {iocm-a-N-{s sImSn ssIn-tep--Xv. Xpf-ko-Zmkv ]d-bp--Xv, l\p-am ]nSn-n-cn-p sImSn kXyk--X-bptS-bpw, kz`m-h-n-t-bpw, Cuiz-c-`-n-bp-tSbpw {]Xo-I-am-bn-m-sW-m-Wv.

kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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{io l\p-am Nmeok

tKmkzman Xpf-ko-Zmkv

]qWqev [cn-p- NSv \S-p--Xv, Hcp Ipnv 5 hb-n\pw 10 hb-n\pw CSbvv {]mb-ap-tm-gm-Wv, Ahs Ifn-p-\-S-t {]mbw Ign-p-shpw C\n ]T\w XpS-Ww Fpam
Wv AXv kqNn-n-p--Xv. ]qWq-en-ep sIv A-am-p-Xv Ah Hcp {_m-W-\m-sW-mWv. ]qWqen aqv Cg-I-fm-Wp--Xv, CXv aqp KpW-sf (kz ctPm Xtam KpW--sf)
{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p-p. km[m-c-W-bmbn Cu sIn ]nSn-p-sIm-mWv _m-W Kmb-{Xn-a{w
sNmpXv.
k-cv--kp-h\v tIkvco-\-\v I tXPv {]Xm]v alm PKv--_-\v II 6 II
inhs AwimhXm-chpw tIk-cn-bpsS aI-\p-amb Asb, A--bpsS {]i-kvXnbpw ss[cyhpw
\nan-w Cu {]]--nse Fm-hcpw _lp-am-\n-p-p.
F-s\-bmWv l\p-am hmbp-hns ]p{X-\pw, inhs ]p{X-\pw, tIk-cn-bpsS ]p{X-\p-am-IpXv?
Hcn- sshizm-\-c/Ipt_-c ssh{i-h-kn-t\bpw Ipn-I-tfbpw ImWp-hm hp. ssh{i-hkns ]p{X-\mb cmh-W Xs ktlm-Z-c-\p-Xp-ey-\mb sshizm-\-cs sFiz-cy-nepw knepw Akq-bm-ep-hm-bn. sshizm-\-c {_m-hn\nv X]-neqsSbmWv Ah-sbmw t\Sn-sbsXp a\-n-emnb cmh-W ]Xn-\m-bn-c-tmfw hjw ITn-\-X-]-p-sNbvXv {_m-hns\
{]km-Zn-n-p. X\nv Cutem-Iv F-s\-th-W-sa-nepw Ftmth-W-sa-nepw GXp-cq-]nepw hnlcn-m\p Ignhpw, kss-iz-cy-fpw, tZh-mcmepw, Akpc-mcmepw, Kmcmepw, cm-k-m-cmepw, k--fmepw Hpw arXyp-kw-`-hn-cpsX-p-ap (a-\p-jy-s\mgnv
Bpw cmh-Ws\ \n{K-ln-m Ign-bn) hc-amWv t\Sn-bXv. XpSv, cmh-W Ipt_-cs\
B{I-anv em-cmPyw Iog-S-n, Bt-l-ns ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\hpw A]-l-cnp. tZh-tem-I-pt]mbn C{s knwlm-k-\hpw ssI-S-n. cmh-Ws \njvTq-c-amb {]hr-n-I IqSn-h-cnIbpw [-n\v NypXn-kw-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-tm, Fm tZh-mcpw aljn-Ifpw hnjvWphns\ ic-Ww-{]m-]np. alm-hnjvWp ]dp `cmh-Ws Zpjv{]-hr-n-I-fn\nv `qansb cnp--Xn-\mbn Rm cma-\mbn Ah-X-cnmw. AXp-tIv Fm-tZ-h-m-tcm-Spw-Iq-Sn-bm-bnv {_mhv
]dp hnjvWp `qan-bn-tebvv hcp-p, \-sf-m-hcpw At-ls klm-bn--Ww. hnjvWp
`qan-bn Hcp a\p-jy-\m-bn-mWv/\c-\m-bn-mWv Ah-Xm-c-sa-Sp-p-Xv AXp-sImv \mw AXnepw
Xmsg-\n-e-hm-c-n-ep Ipc--m-cpsS/hm\-c-cpsS cq]-n--thWw Ah-X-cn-m. As\
cmas\ tkhn-n-cp Ipc--m-sc-mw-Xs ss[cyhpw in-bp--h-cp-amb tZh-m-cm-bn-cp-p.
hmen C{s -]p-{X-\pw, kp{Ko-h kqcy-]p-{X-\p-am-bn-cp-p. inh\pw hnNm-cn-p, hnjvWp {iocma-\mbn Ah-X-cn-p-tm X\npw At-ls klm-bn--Ww. Fm AtX-cm-P-Ip-e-n
P\n-p-sIm-m-sW-n Atlw A-s\-bp klm-b- Xnc-kvI-cn-p-I-bpw, AYhm
kzoI-cn-ms asm-cp-X-c-n Xncn-tI-X-cn-Ibpw sNpw. Fm Hcp hm\-c-\m-bn-m-sWn Hcp {]iv\-hp-ap-m-hn-. As\ hnNm-cnv inh-tX-Pv {iol-\p-am-\n An-p. AXpsIm-mWv l\p-ams\ inh-]p-{X Fvhnfn-p--Xv (l\p-am inh-s-Xs Ah-Xm-c-amsWpw ]d-bp-p). hmbp-`-K-hm ARvP-\n-tbbpw tIk-cn-tbbpw (l-\p-ams amXm-]n-Xm-)
Xs tXP-p-\In A\p-{K-lnp, Bin P\-\-tmsS l\p-am\v Inn. AXp-sImv l\pams\ hmbp-]p-{X-s\pw hnfn-p-p. l\p-ams A Imnse cmPm-hm-bn-cp-p, tIk-cn.
tIk-cn-sbp ]d-m knwlw. AXpsIm-p-X-s-bmWv l\p-am knwl-n-s-t]m-se-bp
Ipc--\m-b-Xpw, Akm-[m-cW inbpw ss[cy-hp-sams ssIh--Xpw. l\p-am inh-s\tmse Fm-h-tcbpw A\p-{K-ln-p-p, Xm\p-ambn ka-w ]pep--hsc hmbptZ-h-s\tmse ipo-I-cn-pp. tXPv {]Xm]v alm PKv--_-\v = At-l-ns Pzen-p {]Imihpw {]i-kvXnbpw temIw-ap-gp-h\pw kvXpXn-sSp-p. Fm-hcpw l\p-ams\ kvXpXn-p--XneqsS kmbq-Py-a-S-bp-p.

kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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l\p-ams D-h-s-pdnv ap-Nne IY-I IqSn-bp-v.

1. tZh-Kp-cp-hmb _rl-kv]-Xnv ]pRvPn-I-kvXe Fp-t]-cmb Hcp A]vk-cv Zmkn-bm-bp-mbn-cp-p. Hcp Znhkw Ah Ima-hn-h-i-bmbn _rl-kv]-Xnsb Benw-K\w sNp-Ibpw CXn
Ip]n-X-\mb _l-kv]Xn Ahn-thIw {]hn \osbmcp Ipc-m-bn-tm-Is Fp-i-]n-pIbpw tNbvXp-h-s{X. im]w-tIv ]cn-{`m-nbpw ZpxJn-X-bp-amb Ah Xm {]hn-Xv Ahnth-I-am-bn-tm-bn-sbv kzbw k-Xn-v, im]-tam--n-\mbn tIWp. Zb-tXm-nb _rl-kv]-Xn,
inhm-wi-kw-`-h-\mb Hcp]p{Xs\ \o Ftm {]k-hn-p-pthm Atm \ns im]w- Xo-cpsav Acp-fn-s-bvXp. im]waqew ]pRvPn-I-kvXe ARvP-\-sb hm\-c-kv{Xo-bm-bn-n-dv tIkcn-sb hm\-c-cm-Pm-hns ]Xv\n-bmbn ]mp. Ap-apX ARvP\ inh-\n\npw Hcp
]p{X-\p-m-Ip--Xn-\mbn ]cn-ip--ambn {hX- A\p-jvTn-p-t]m-p. As\bn-cn-p--Imev IuXp-Iw-\n-anw inh-]m-Xn-am h\-n {]th-inv Ipc-p-I-fmbn {IoUnv hr-imJ-I-fn hkn-p-sIm-n-cp-p. BIm-ev ]m-Xn-tZhn K`n-Wn-bm-bn. Hcp Ipn-p-c-ns\
{]k-hn-pI hnj-a-sa-tmv ]m-Xn-tZhn ]c-a-in-hs\ Imcy-a-dn-bn-p. hnh-c-a-dn ]c-a-inh Xs tbmK-i-n-sImv ]m-Xn-tZ-hn-bpsS K`--in-ip-hns\ hmbp-`-K-hm\p \In.
kp-jvS-\mb hmbp-`-K-hm hf-sc-mew Bin-h-_oPw hln-p-sImv \S-p. K`w ]q-amb-tm hmbp-`-K-hm K`s ARvP-\-bpsS DZ-c-n \nt-]n-p. Hcp Ipn-p-c-s\
{]k-hn--tijw ARvP\ kzi-cocw Dt]-nv ]pRvPn-I-kvX-e-bmbn tZh-temIw ]qIn.
2. Hcn- cmh-W inhs hk-Xn-bmb lnam-e-b-n {]th-in-m {ianp, \n AXv XSp. Ip]n-X-\mb cmh-W \nsb Ipc--s\p hnfnv Bt-]n-p. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn
\n cmh-Ws\ i]n-p-hs{X `\ns \miw Ipc--m-cpsS klmbtmsS-bm-bn-cnpw. Fv.
Xs `t\mSp cmh-Ws s]cp-amw inh-\n henb thZ-\-bpf-hm-n. inhs Awiw
l\p-am-\m-bn-op.
3. Atbm-y-bnse cmPm-hmb Zi-c-Y ]p{X-\p-m-Iphmthn ]p{XImta-jvSn-bmKw \S-n.
b-{]-kmZw At-l-ns aqp-`m-cy-amcpw tkhn-p (Iuk-ey cma-\pw, ssItI-bn `cX\pw,
kpan-{X eva-W\pw i{Xp-Lv\\pw Pw \In) Cuiz-c-\n--bw-t]mse Hcp ]cpv b-{]km-Zns Awiw Xn--dn-s-Spv ARvP\ {]mn-p-sIm-n-cnp ImSn-\p-ap-I-fn-eqsS ]dp-t]m-hp-Ibpw, ]nSn-hnv Xmtg-tbv t]mb B injvS-{]-kmZw hmbp-tZ-h A\vP-\-bpsS
ssII-fn-se-n-p-I-bpw, AXv `n--Xn-s\-p-Sv inh-tXPv A\vP-\-bn ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-pIbpw sNbvXp.
_nZym-hm\v Kp\o AXn NmXpcv I cmav ImPv Icnt_ tIm BXpcv II 7 II
Av hf-sc-b-[nIw Adn-hp--h\pw \-bp--h\pw hnth-In-bp-am-Wv. {iocm-a\v thn-bp
AbpsS tkh\w hfsc nchpw `nbpXpamWv
_oZym-hm = henb Adnhp--h, Kp\o = hfsc \-bp--h, AXn NmXpcv = hfsc hnth-Iap--h/t{ijvT, cmav ImPv Icnt_ tIm BXpcv = Xs kzman-p-th-n-bp tkh\w
ZrV-am-bXpw kvt\lhpw `nbpw \nd--Xp-am-Wv.
{]`p Ncn{Xv kp\nt_ tIm cknbm I cmae-L\v koXm a\v _knbm II 8 II
{iocm-a-N-{s t{ijvT-amb Ncn{Xw AXoh ktm-j-tm-Spw {i-tbm-Spw-Iq-Sn-bmWvv Av
{ihnn-cp--Xv, AXns \nhr-Xn-bn Av Xpn-m-Sp-am-bn-cp-p. {iocm-a\pw e-a-W\pw
koXm-tZ-hpbpw nc-ambn A-bpsS lrZ-b-n hkn-p-p.
kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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]-m-`n-tj-I-n-\p-tijw {iocm-a Xs {]nb-s--hpw bp-n klm-bn--hpw cmP-[m\n-bnhv ]mcn-tXm-jn-I- sImSp-m Xocp-am-\n-p. Hcp I-^-etam t{]mm-l-\tam
{]iw-ktbm B{K-ln-m-- l\p-am\pw NS-n ]s-Sp-p. l\p-ams\ I-am-{X-bn AXo-hamb hnIm-c-n\Sn-a-sv {iocm-a l\pams\ lrZy-ambn Ben-w-K-\w-sN-bvXp. X\np \Inb
tkh-\-n\v Fp-XssIm-Sp-m-epw AXv l\p-ams\ BZ-cn-mt]m--Xm-hn Fv {iocma\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. Btc-mfpw IqSp-X- BZ-chv l\p-am Aln-p--Xp-sIm-v, CjvSap Hcp km\w Bh-iy-s-Sm koXm-tZhn \n-n-p. Ah-km\w koXm-tZ-hn-bpsS \n-n-\p-h-g-n, l\p-am koXm-tZ-hn- AWn-n-cp Aapey cXv\-]-Xn ame ]mcn-tXm-jnI-am-bn tNmZn-p. ame e`n--bp-Ss\ s]mnv Htcm cXv\-fpw sht-sd-bmn AXn Htcmnepw kqn-p-t\m-n. AXpIv AhnsS kn-ln-X-cm-bn-cp--h A-c-p, C{Xbpw DXvIrjvS-amb km\w Fp-sIm-mWv \in-n--sXv Ah Bcm-p. Hmtcm cXv\-n-tbpw
Dn Fs {iocm-a\pw koXm-tZ-hnbpw Dtmsbv Dd-p-h-cp-p-I-bm-bn-cpp, Fp-sIm-sm AXn-sem-nepw Ah-cn-m-sb-n B ame Fs-kw-_-n-n-S-tmfw Hcp-aq-ey-hp-an-m-XmWv Fm-bn-cpp l\p-ams adp-]-Sn. AXp-tIv At-ls ]cn-l-kn-p-sImv Nne
]dp cma-t\mSpw koXm-tZ-hn-tbm-Sp-ap l\p-ams kvt\lhpw `ym-Z-chpw A{Xbvv AKm[-am-sWv A`n-\-bn-p-I-bmWv Fv. Bhm-p-Isf {]Xn-I-cn-p-sImv l\p-am Xs amdv
]nfp, l\p-ams lrZ-b-n {iocm-a-s\bpw koXm-tZ-hn-sbbpw Iv Nppw IqSn-\n--h
kvX_v[-cmbn.
Hcp-h {]i-kvX-\m-bm, asm-hcpw Xs-{]iw-kn-p--Xp-tIm B{K-lnpp,
Fm ap--h-cpsS ktm-j-n ]p-sIm-mt\m ap--hcpsS Ign-hns\ BZ-cn-mt\m
CjvS-s-Sp-n-, Cuiz-c-s\-tmepw ad-p-p. ]t l\p-am A-s\-bm-bn-cp-n-. Ftmgpw
{iocm-a-t\m-Sp `n {]Zin-n-p--Xnepw AXp-t]mse ap--h Xs kzmansb kvXpXn-pXv tIp--Xnepw B\w Is-n-bn-cp-p. l\p-ams lrZ-b-n {iocm-a\pw evaW\pw koXm-tZ-hnbpw Fpw hkn-p-p AXp-t]mse Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn l\p-am\pw
IpSn-sIm-p-p. ({io-cm-a B-t_m-[-t-bpw koXm-tZhn `n-tbbpw eva-W sshcm-Kytbpw/`uXo-I-kp-JtfmSp hnc-n-tbbpw {]Xn-\n-[m\wsNp-p). l\p-am-\n `nbpw,
m\hpw, ka-Nn--`m-hhpw hf-sc-b-[n-I-ap-v.
kqvav cq]v-[cn knbln ZnJmhm I _nISv cq]v-[cn ev Pcmhm II 9 II
Av kqva-cq]w ssIsm-mWv koXm-tZ-hn-bpsS ap]n {]Xy--s-Xv, `b-s-Sp-p
cq]w ssIsm-mWv em-\-Kcw Npp Nm-em-n-bXv. (A-Xp-t]m-se)
l\p-am\v Xs cq]w Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw sNdp-Xmmt\m hep-Xm-m-t\m-hp Ign-hp-m-bn-cpp. cmh-Ws Imhmv ImWmI-gn-bmhn[w Hcp sImXp-In-t\mfw sNdnb cq]w [cnmWv l\p-am koXm-tZ-hn-bpsS ASp-p-sN--Xv. AXp-t]mse `oam-Im-c-amb cq]w [cn-mWv
Akp-c-msc \n{K-ln-Xpw e Npp-I-cn--Xpw. Cs\ ]d--Xn\nv \mw Dsm-t--Xv,
\mw sNdp-Xm-tI-n-Sv sNdp-Xm-IWw AXn \psS Zpc-`n-am\w Hcp XS--am-h-cp-Xv, AhnsS
\mw l\p-ams\ amXr-I-bm--Ww. AXp-t]mse cmh-Ws em-\-Kcw Npp-Nm--emnsb-Xn\v
]e A--fpv e C{n-b-kp-J--tf-bpw, `uXoI km-Zy--tfbpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w-sN-pp. BIm-ev AhnsS Pohnn-cp--h-scmw Akp-c-m-cm-bn-cp-p, Ahcv C{n-b-kp-J--fnemWv hniz-kn-n-cp--Xv, t`mKm-kn-m-bn-p kpJ-ku-I-cy--sf-n am{Xsa Nnnncp-pp. B t`mK-km-{-amb \K-c-amWv l\p-am An-n-c-bm-nbXv. Rm icn-c-a Bm-hmWv
Fp B-t_m[amWv l\p-am CXn-eqsS \apv a\-n-em-n--cp--Xv.
Cu
An/t_m[w \nse Rms\--`m-h-tbpw _-\--tfbpw Cm-bva-sN-p-p. koXm-tZ-hnbpsS ZpxJ-n\n-p-mb An-bmWv em-Z-l-\-n\v tlXp-hm-b-sXpw ]d-bp-p.

kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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CXn\npw Adntb-Xv t{ijvT-\mb/Ipeo-\-bmb Hcp hynsb Zn-n-p--Xn-s\-pSv, Ah-cpsS ZpxJ-n\nv Dhn-p An ian-n-m Bpw kmy-a Fm-Wv.
`oav cq]v [cn Akpcv kwlmtc I cma-N{v tI ImPv kwhmtc II 10 II
Av `oam-Im-c-amb cq]w [cn-mWv Akp-c-msc \n{K-ln--Xv. A-s\-bmWv {iocm-a\pth-nbp A-bpsS ZuXyw ]qo-I-cn--Xv.
embv ko-h\v eL\v Pnbmtb I {io cLp-_ocv lcjn Dcv emtb II 11 II
Av kRvPo-h\n sImp-hv eva-Ws\ ]p\ohn-np B ktm-j-m {iocm-a
Bsb Bt-jn-p.
e-va-W, cmh-Ws aI-\mb C{-Pn-ns ic-tav t_m[-an-m-sX-In-S ka-b-v, ]p\ohn-n-p--Xn-\m-bn k-tcm-K-kw-lm-cn-bmb arX-k-RvPo-h\n \nan-j--I-amWv l\p-am
sImp-h--Xv. l\p-am ]d-p-hs{X \n XnfF-bn-tebvv ISp-In-tm-fp, AXv s]mno-cp--Xn-\p-ap]v Rm kRvPn-h-\n-bp-ambn Fn-bn-cnpw. Fm l\p-am lnam-e-bnep t{ZmW-Kncnbn sN-tm icn-bmb sNSn At-l-n\p Ip-]n-Sn-m km[n-n-,
AXp-sIm-v, B ]Xw apgp-h-\mbn sImp-h-p. eyw kmm-XvI-cn-p--Xn l\p-ams
Ign-hp-I {]iw-k-\o-b-am-W.v
cLp-]Xn Ioln _lpXv _Umbn I Xpav aa {]nb `c-Xln ka `mbn II 12 II
{iocm-a Asb hfsc {]iw-kn-p-Ibpw Av Fs ktlm-Z-c `c-Xs\tm-se-Xs
F\nv {]nb-sh\m-sWv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
l\p-am kRvPo-h\n sImphv eva-Ws\ ]p\ohn-n-tm Blvfm-Z-`-cn-X-\mbn
{iocm-a l\p-ams\ Xs lrZ-b-tm-Sp-tNp-\nn Bt-jnp. Cuiz-c Xs `sc
Benw-K\w sN-p-tm, Xs lrZbw `-s-lr-Z-b-tmSp tNp-h-bvp-p. \apv Cuizcs\ ImW-W-sa-p-s-n icn-bmb Hcp-`-s lrZ-b-n-tebvv t\mn-bma-Xn.
asm-c-h-k-c-n, bp-n-\n-Sbvv aln-cm-h-W Fp-t]-cmbn, \nKq-V-amb C{-Pm-e--fn
AXo-h-I-gn-hp Hcp cm-k (A-bm-fpsS ktlm-Z-c Aln-cm-h-W) cma-t\bpw eva-Wt\bpw ]nSn-p-sIm-p-t]mbn ]mXm-fn-ep Ah-cpsS sImm-c-n X-fpsS tZh-Xbvv
hgn-]m-Sp-sIm-Sp-p--Xn\m-bn XS-hn-em-n. cma-e-va-W-msc At\z-jnv l\p-am ]mXm-f-nse-n. ]mXm-f-n aln-cm-hWs sImm-c-n sN-tm-gmWv l\p-am\v a\-n-em-b-Xv,
Ap-Zn-n-embn Ap-Zn-i-I-fn-tebvv sImfp-n-h-n-cn-p Zo]- Htc-k-a-bv DuXn-sSpnbm am{Xta aln-cm-h-Ws\ \n{K-ln-m-\mIp Fv. l\p-am DSs\ ]-ap-J-cq]w
ssIsmv (h-S-tmv Zi-\-ambn hcm-l-hpw, sXtmv Zi-\-ambn \c-knw-l-hpw, ]Sn-mtdmv Zi-\-ambn Kcp-V-\pw, BIm-i-tbvv Zi-\-ambn lb-{Ko-h\pw IqSmsX kzw apJw
Ing-tmv Zi-\-ambpw \np-sImv) Fm-Zo-]-fpw Htc-k-a-bv DuXn-s-Sp-n. As\
B cm-ks\ \n{K-lnv cma-t\bpw eva-W-t\bpw c-s-Sp-n.
l-\p-ams ]-ap-J-cq-]-n, Hmtcm-ap-J-n\pw Hmtcm {]m[m-\y-ap-v. Ing-tm-p Zi\w
(l\p-am) sFiz-cyhpw a\x-ip-nbpw {]Zm\w sNpp, sXtm-p Zi\w (\c-knwlw)
hnP-bhpw \n`-b-hpw knn-pp, ]Sn-m-tdm-p Zi\w (K-cp-V) hnj-_m-[bpw hn{`m-nbpw Cm-Xm-pp, hS-tm-p Zi\w (h-cm-lw) kpw t{ibpw hjn-pp, BIm-ikzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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t-bvp Zi\w (l-b-{Ko-h) m\hpw \ ]p{X-mtcbpw e`n-p-p. Ap-ap-J-fp l\p-ams cq]w hfsc {]kn-am-Wv, ]-apJ BRvP-t\-b FmWv Adnb-s-Sp--Xv.
klkv _Z\v Xpwlvtcm Pkv Kmssh I Akv Iln {io]Xn IWvTv eKmssh II 13 II
Asb Bt-jn-p-sImv {iocm-a ]dp Bbncw Xe-bp A\-\pw \ns (\ns alna-I-sf) ]mSn-p-I-gvpp. (Xp-f-ko-Zmkv ]d-bpp A-bpsS Ion hn-m A\-s
Bbncw hmbv/\mhp-I t]mcm Fv). A\- Xs-bm-Wsm eva-W-\m-bn Ah-X-cn-n-cnp--Xv. B e--a-W-\m-hs Fm-bn-tmgpw l\p-ams aln-a-I ]mSp-p). AXp-t]m-se,
k\-Im-ZnIv {_mZn ap\okm I \mcZv kmcZv klnXv Alokm II 14 II
Ejo-iz-c-mcpw m\n-I-fp-amb \mc-Z-cpw, i-c-\pw, k\-XvIp-am-c\pw AXp-t]mse tZhm-cmb
{_mhpw tij\pw/BZn-ti-j-\pw, Adnhns tZh-X-bmb kc-kz-Xnbpw Asb kvXpXnp
]mSp-p.
Pav Ipt_cv ZnKv-]mev Plmw tX I I_n tIm_nXv Iln ktI Ilmw tX II 15 II
arXyp-tZ-h-\mb ba-\pw, [\-ns/k-ns tZh-\mb Ipt_-c-\pw, AjvS-Zn-Iv]m-e-Icpw,
]n-X-mcpw, Ihn-Ifpw Fmw A-bpsS aln-a-Isf {]Ionp-p. Fm, BpwXs ]cym-]vX-amb hn[-n Asb kvXpXn-m kmy-a-.
Xpav D]-Imcv kp{Ko-hln Iolm I cmav anemsb cmPv-]Zv Zowlm II 16 II
Av, \jvS-s-p-t]mb cmPyw hos-Sp-p--Xn-\p-thn kp{Ko-hs\ klm-bn-p, {iocm-a\v ]cnN-b-s-Spnsm-Sp-p. kp{Ko-h Ipc--m-cpsS cmPm-hm-bn-cp-p. ktlm-Z-c hmen/_men
At-ls cmPy-p-\nv ]pd-mn cmPym-[n-Imcw ssI-em-n. kp{Ko-h hmen-sb- `-bv
Ejy-apJv ]-X-\n-c-I-fn Ign-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. koXm-t\z-j-Wmw cma-e-va-W-m Bhgn
hcp--Xp-I--tm, kp{Ko-h, Xs \n{K-ln--p--Xn-\mbn hmen \ntbm-Kn [oc-cmb cp-sNdp--m-cm-sWp IcpXn Ahn-sS-\npw HmSn-tm-bn. Atm l\p-am tNmZnp Ah-cm-cmsWv Adnbp--Xn-\p-ap]v Fn-\mWv c-s-Sm {ian-p-Xv? Ah i{Xp--fm-sWv
Fs\ IW-m-m km[npw? Fn-s\ ss[cyw-sIm-SppsImv, l\p-am kp{Kohs ZqX-\m-bn, Hcp {_m-W-th-j-n Ah-cpsS-b-Sp-tbvp sNp. l\p-ams BZys
hmp-I tI-tms cma eva-W-t\mSv ]d-p, CXv km[m-cW Hcp {_m-W-\-,
thZ-]-n-X-\mb Hcp {_m-W-\mWv Fv. cma kzbw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n--gn--tm l\pam kzw hynzw shfp-s-Sp-p-Ibpw Xs kzmansb kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. cma l\p-ams\ {]iw-kn-p-Ibpw \ns s]cp-am--n-eqsS \ns cmPm-hns
alzw Adnbp-hm km[n-p-sapw At-l-n\v hnPbw \n-b-am-sWpw ]d-p.
XpSv, l\p-am kp{Ko-hs\ {iocm-a-s-b-Spv sImp-t]m-hp-Ibpw Hcp kplr-Xv_w Dmn-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. {iocm-a hmensb h[n-p-Ibpw kp{Ko-hs\ InjvIn--bnse cmPmhm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. {iocm-as\ kp{Ko-h\v ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp-p-I-hgn l\p-am kp{Koh\v B-m-\-amWv \In-b-Xv. l\p-am X\n-p-thn Hpw-Xs sNp-n-, Fm-bntmgpw {iocm-as Bm-X-bp tkh-I-\mbn \ne-sIm-p-p. AXmWv l\p-ams alzw.
l\p-am kp{Ko-hs\ klm-bn--Xn-\p-]n-n asmcp IY-Iq-Sn-bp-v.
Cuiz-c-mn-S-bn
kqcy-tZ-h-\p Hcp m\w Atlw Fmw Adnbp Kpcp-hmWv Fp--XmWv. Hcn- l\pam Xs icocw hep-Xmn kqcy-\p-Nppw kqcys {`a-W-]-Y-n\n-p-sImv Xs injy\mbn kzoIcnWw Fv At]-n-p. Fm Fm-bn-tmgpw Xs cY-n Npn--d-nkzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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sm-n-cnt--Xp-sImv kqcy B B{Klw \nc-kn-p. l\p-am ]nam-dmsX hopw hepXm-bn, Xs Hcp-Imev Ingt AXnn-bnepw at-mev ]Sn-mtd AXnn-bnepw hpsImv apJw kqcy-\p-t\sc]nSn-p-sImv Xs B{K-l-\n-hr-n-p-thn hopw bmNn-p.
l\p-am Xs B{K-l-n Dd-p-\np--Xp-Iv a\-k-en kqcy-`-K-hm l\p-ams\
injy-\mbn kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw Xs m\w-ap-gp-h\pw l\p-am\v ]Ip-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Ah-km\w, Fp-Kp-cp-Z-n-W-bmWv Xm \tI-sXv kqcy-tZ-h-t\mSv l\p-am
tNmZnp. l\p-am-s\-tm-ep Hcp injyXs-bmWv Kpcp-Z-nW Fv kqcy ]d-p. l\pam B A`n-{]m-b-n Xr]vX-\m-hmsXh-tm, Kpcp-Z-n-W-bmbn Xs Znhy]p{X-\mb
kp{Ko-hs\ klm-bn-Wsav kqcy-tZ-h Bh-iy-s-p. l\p-am kqcys\ Xs Kpcp-hmbn
kzoI-cnp, CXv Aam-p-Xv I-km-n-bmbn, Fm-I--fp-sSbpw Hcp Bn-b-km-nbmbn kzoI-cnp Fm-Wv.
Xpwlvtcm a{v _n`o-jWv am\m I et-kzcv `bv k_v PKv Pm\m II 17 II
A-bpsS D]-tZiw _n`o-j-W inc-km-h-ln-p, _n`ojW e-bpsS cmPm-hm-bn-o
hnhcw temIw apgp-h\pw Adnp.
{io l\p-am cmh-Ws ktlm-Z-c-\mb hn`o-j-W-t\mSv {iocm-a-]m-Z-n A`-bw-{]m-]n-m
]dp. hn`o-j-W AXp-{]-Imcw sNt--Xm-a-kw, {iocma ho`o-j-Ws\ e-bpsS cmPmhmn Ah-tcm-[n-p. kp{Ko-h-t\mtSm hn`o-j-W-t\mtSm {]Xyp-]-Im-c-am-bnv Xs Bh-iy-
\nd-th-n-cphm {iocm-a Bh-iy-s-n. Ahv {iocm-a-]m-Z-n B{i-bw-tX-tS Bhiyta thn-h-pp Fm ktm-j-fpw Ahv e`n-m. Fmw {iocm-a-\n An-p-Xn-eqsS \apv e`n-p-Xv euIo-I- Bkn-I-fn\n-p-ap tamN-\-am-Wv, AXmWv apn.
PqKv kl{kv tPmP\v ]cv `m\p I eotym Xmln a[pcv ^ev Pm\p II 18 II
Av kqcy-tKmfw Iv a[p-c-ap Hcp ^e-am-sWp IcpXn hfsc Ffp--n Bbn-c--Wn\v ssaep-IIse nXn-sN-p kqcys\ ey-amn IpXnp. (kq-cy `qan-bn\nv
93,000,000 ssaep-I-I-se-bmWv nXn-sN-p--Xv).
l\p-am P\n--k-a-b-v, kqcy-tKm-fw-Iv AXv Hcp ]g-am-sW-p-I-cpXn kqcy-\p-t\sc IpXn-pIbpw kqcys\ hngp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \apv CsXmc-Xn-i-b-ambn tXmn-tb-mw. Fm
hmbp-]p-{X-\mb l\p-am\v Fp-sImv CXp km[n-n? kqcy-s\-m Anbpw hmbp-shm An-bpsS Imc-W-hp-am-Wv, An hmbp-hn ebn-p-p. hmbp-hn\v Ansb hngp-phm-\mIpw CXv Hcp thZm--Xz-am-Wv. l\p-am Hcp km[m-cW Ipc--\--sm, ]ns Atl-ns Ign-hp-I-fn Fn\p kwi-bn-Ww?
{]`p ap{ZnIm taen apJv amln I Pe[n emwJn Ktb ANvcPv \mln II 19 II
{iocm-as AS-bm-f-hmIyw kzo-I-cnv, AS-bm-f-tam-Xncw hmbnhp-sImv Av kap{Zw NmSn-S-p. AXn AXn-i-bn-m-s\m-p-an-, Fs-m A-c-n-ep ZuXy- ]qn-bmm\p Ignhv A-bvp-v.
koXm-t\z-j-W-n-\m-bn-tmb Ipc--m Hcp kap-{Z-n-\-Sp-s-n. AXn-\-p-d-mWv e,
AXp-I-S-m-\p Ignhv Ahn-. B ka-b-v, Pmw_-hm-\mWv l\p-am\v adhnbn-em-n-cp
l\p-ams in-sb-n Hm-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp--Xv. (Ip-m-bn-cp--tmXs ap-n-aptmSn tZh-m-cp-tSbpw A\p-{Klw knn l\p-am, _mey-n hfsc hnIrXnbmbncp-p.
[ym\m-h--bn apgp-In-bn-cp Ejn-I-sf, Ah-cpsS ssIh-i-ap-m-bn-cp km[-\- Xn--dnpw, ASppw Nn-bnepw hn-cp ]qPm-km-a-{Kn-I-fp-sS-sbmw {Iaw sXn-pw apw hf-sc-b-[nIw
kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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iey-s-Sp-p-am-bn-cp-p. Ahs hnNn-{X-amb B s]cp-amw kln-m-\m-hmsX, Hcp Ipn-bmsW-p ]cn-K-W-\-h-p-sIm-v, Ejn-am Ah\v sNdn-sbmcp im]w sImSp-p. kzw in,
asm-cm Hm-s-Sp-p--Xp-hsc ad-p-t]m-Is Fm-bn-cpp B im]w. Pmw_-hm-\mWv B
Ign-hp-Isf l\p-am\v Hm-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp--Xv. As\ Hcp im]-tam--an-m-bn-cp-p-shn cmam-b-W-nse bpw asmcp Xc-n-em-hp-am-bn-cp-p).
{iocm-a-N-{s tamXncw hmbn-en-p-sIm-v, AXns in-bn/{iocm-a-`-n-bn/Xs kzman-bnep hnizm-kn Ddp\npsImv l\p-am B kap{Zw NmSn--Sv e-bn-se-n. CuPohn-X-am-Ip kwkm-c-km-Kcw Xmm \apv thXv Cuiz-c-\n-ep XnI hnizm-k-am-Wv.
asm-cw evao-tZ-hn-bpsS Ah-Xm-c-amb koXm-tZhn `n-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-Wv, Hcp-h\v `nbp-m-h-W-sa-n (`-n-bn-epsSam{Xta tamw e`n-p-I-bp-p) C-s\-sbmcp IS IS-t-Xm-bp-v. FmWv Cu IS Fm-sW-n AXv Rm ico-c-amWv Fp tXm-emWv.
Fm Cuiz-c-\maw \nc-cw P]n-p--Xn-eqsS \apv a\-n-emIpw \mw ico-c-a BmhmWv Fv, As\ A\m-bmkw Cu kwkm-c-km-Kcw \apv IS-m Ign-bpw. ANvcPv \mln
= bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-, Cuiz-c-\n ]q-ambpw \s An-p-I-gn-m \apv Fp-Imcyhpw km[n-mw, Hn-t\bpw `b-s-tSnhcn-.
Zpxav ImPv PKXv tI tPtX I kpKav A\p-{Klv Xpwlvtc tXtX II 20 II
A-bpsS A\p-{K-lw-sImv F{X ti-I-c-amb tPmenbpw hfsc A\mbm-k-ambn Xocp-p.
Pohn-X-n t\cn-tS-n-h-cp Fm-X-S--tfbpw _pn-ap-p-Itfbpw {io l\p-ams Ir]-sImv Iog-Sm-\m-hpw.

cmav Zphmtc Xpav cJvhmtc I tlmXv \ bmMym _n\v ss]kmtc II 21 II

AmWv {iocm-a-N{s cmP-[m-\n-bpsS Ihm-S-nse Imhm-cs\n-epw, A-bpsS A\p-hm-ZwIq-SmsX AI-p-I-S-m Bcp-wXs `b-sSp-n-.
l\p-am {iocm-akn-[n-bn-te-bvp {]th-i-\-I-hm-S-nse Pm{K-X-bp ]mdm-hpIm-c-\m-Wv. AXpsImv, Btcbpw AIp {]th-in-p--Xn\nv hnepw F-an-. ]Icw Fm-h-tcbpw {iocm-a\ntebvv ASpnp-sa-mWv A-am-t--Xv. {iocm-a ]d-bpp Ftm-Sp `n-apew l\p-am
ap--h-sc-qSn, Fs BZ-cn-pXn\pw Fn-te-bv-Spp-Xn\pw {]tNm-Z\w \Ipp.
k_v kpJv essl Xpwlmco kc\m I Xpav cOIv Imlp tIm Ucv \m II 22 II

A-bpsS ]mZ--fn A`-bw-{]m-]vp--hv k kpJ-fpw Dm-Ip-p, Av kwc-I\mbncn-p-n-S-tmfw Bcv Fn-t\-p-dnv `b-s-Sm\mWv?.

B]\v tXPv kwlmtcm Bss] I Xot\m temIv lmwIv tX Imwss] II 23 II
A-bvp-am-{Xta A-bpsS in \nb{nm-\p Ign-hp-p. Av- Knm aqp-tem-I-fpw
hndbvpw. l\p-am AXp-ey-amb in-bpsS DS-a-bmWv, A-bpsS {]_-e-amb K\w tIm
aqp-tem-I-fpw `bv hnd-bvpw.
`qXv ]nkmNv \nISv \ln Bssh I alm-_ocv P_v \mav kp\mssh II 24 II
AbpsS \maw P]n-p--Xp-sImv `qXfpw, ]nim-Np-t]m-ep ZptZ-h-XIfpsamw \-fn-tebv-Sp-m `b-s-bp-p.
kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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ZpjvS-i-n-I-fp-tSbpw ZptZ-h-X-I-fp-tSbpw _m[-I ian-p--Xn-\pw, tcmK-im-n-pw, Krl-n-gm-imnpw l\p-aZv Bcm-[\ ^e-{]-Z-am-sWv hniz-kn-p-t]m-cp-p. Pohn-X-n ITn-\-amb {]Xn-k-n-I
hcptm `n-tbmSpw ipn-tbmSpw \njvT-tbmSpw IqSn l\p-ams\ `Pn-m imn ssIh-cpsa-mWv
k-ev]w. AjvS-hn-[-ssa-[p-\-hym-]m-c-sf ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-sImv l\p-aZv D]m-k\ \S-n-bm n{]-^ew
e`n-p-sa-mWv hnizm-kw.
l\p-ams \maw \nc-cw P]n-p--Xp-sImv Ahn-Sps ss[cyhpw inbpw A-bpsS `-m-cntev {]h-ln-p-p. A-s\-bp `p-t\sc HcpXc-n-ep `qX--t{]-X--]n-imNp in-I- ASpp-I-bn-. FmWv t{]Xw? Hcmv AIm-e-arXyp kw`-hn-m (B--l-Xy-aq-e-tam, sIme-]m-XIw \nan-tam), Abm-fpsS Bmhv AhnsS \nc-cw kin-p-sapw As-n iey-s-Sp-p-sapw hnizkn-p-p. km[m-c-W-bmbn ac-W-n-\p-tijw Bmhv ]pXnb icocw kzoI-cn-p-p. Fm, Nne-Imc-W--fm, DS-s\-Xs AXn\p km[n-m-sX-h-cn-Ibpw Ipd-p-k-abw B Bmhv (a-smcp icocw
kzoI-cn-p--Xp-h-sc) Ahn-sS-s Npn-n-cn-bp-Ibpw sNp-p, AXn-s\-bmWv t{]Xw Fp-]-d-bp-Xv. l\p-ams \maw Dcp-hn-Sp--Xp-sImv CuX-c-n-ep {]X--sfmw \n \n-I-p-t]m-Ip-p.
\mssk tcmKv lssc k_v ]ocm I P]Xv \nc-cv l\p-aXv _ocm II 25 II
Blm-c-]-Zm-sIm-p-m-Ip tZmj-fpw Akp-J-fpw Ivtfi-fpw A-bpsS \maw \nc--cambn P]n-p--XneqsS Cm-Xm-Ip-p.
ico-c-n-\p-m-Ip Akp-Js kwkvIr-X-n hym[n-sbpw a\-n-\p-m-Ip Akp-Js B[nsb-p-amWv ]d-bp--Xv. Cu Akp-J-p {][m-\-Im-cWw \mw ico-c-am-sW-p Nn-bm-Wv.
Fm \mw ico-c-a Bm-hm-sW t_m[w \n Dm-bn--gnm ]ns ac-W-s-tmepw
\mw `b-s-Sn-.
Atm, ico-c-n-\pw a\n\pap-m-Ip Akp-J-sf \mw ss[cy-tmsS
ssIsm-pp, Ah \sf _m[n-p-n-. {io l\p-am \sf {iocm-as kao-]-tbvv sImpt]m-Ipp; Atlw \apv t_m[y-s-Spn-cpp \psS Dn-emWv Cuiz-c Fv. B kXyw
Dsm- hynv ]ns ico-cm-h-t_m[w Dm-Ip-n-.
kSv tX l\p-am\v OpUmssh I a\v {Iav _N\v [ym\v tPm emssh II 26 II

hnizm-k-tm-Spw BvmX-tbmSpwIqSn l\p-ams\ ]qPn-p-h-cpsS/Bcm-[n-ph-cpsS

(Nn-\w-sIm-pw, {]hr-n-sIm-pw, {]`m-j-Ww-sIm-pw, {]m-\-sIm-pw) Fm k-Sfpw {iol-\p-am Cm-Xm-p-p.
hmp-sImpw {]hr-n-sImpw \mw l\p-ams\ Bcm-[n-m \psS Fm-hn[ IjvS-m-Sp-Ifn\npw \apv apn-bp-m-Ipp. a\v = a\-v, {Iav = {]hrn, _N\v = hmv, [ym\v =
[ym\w/Bcm-[\. \psS Fm hnNm-c-fpw {]hr-n-Ifpw Cuiz-c-\n An-p-sIm-m-bn-cnWw Fn, Hcp Ihpw \s _n-p-n AXpt]mse ZpxJ-n\p Imc-W-am-bpw `hnp-n-.
Fm-h-cp-tSbpw Pohn-X-n t\cn-tb-n-h-cp Hcp Ime-amWv i\n-Z-i/Gg-c-i-\n. i\n-aq-e-apm-Ip tZmjw-am-dm l\p-amkzm-ansb `Pn-p-Xv D-a-am-sW-mWv hnizm-kw. Cu
hnizm-k-n\v Dt]m^-e-I-ambn Nne sFXo-ly- ]d-p-tIp-p.
1. C{-Pn-ns P\-\-k-a-bv cmh-W H]Xv {Kl--tfbpw ]nSn-p-sIpIbpw, A\p-Iqehpw i-hp-amb m\--fn {Kl-sf \np-I-bpw-sN-bvXp. {Kl-tZm-j--fn-eqsS C{-Pnns\ Bpw ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m-\m-Im-sX-h-cW
- -sa-m-bn-cpp cmh-Ws B{K-lw. Fm
e-bn-se-nb l\p-am i\nsb cn-p-sh-pw, {]Xyp-]-Im-c-ambn l\p-ams\ `Pn-p--hsc
i\n _m[n-p-I-bn Fv hmv\Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-s{X.

kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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2.
i\nsb Iogvs-Sp-n-bXv l\p-am am{X-am-Wv. l\p-ams ico-c-n {]th-in-p-hm ka-b-am-btm, i\n l\p-ams\ tXSn-sb-n. inh-s\-hsc Xm _-\--\m-n-b-Xm-sWp ]d-s-nb
i\n-tbmSv X\n-n-tm ka-b-ansbmbn l\pam. Fm \n--_p-n-tbmsS l\p-am-\n {]thin i\n, HSp-hn Bi-cn-c-n\nv c-s-Sm ]gp-Xn-msX tIW-t]-n-p. Ah-km\w l\pams
Ir]-sIm-p-am{Xw icn-c-n\n-n-d-m Ign--tm, Fs ico-c-n am{X-a Fs `Pn-p--hcpsS ico-c-nepw taen {]th-in--cp-sXv l\p-am ]d-p-h-s{X.
3. Hcn- l\p-am {iocm-as\ KmV-am-bnv [ym\n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm, i\n AXnse hcnIbpw l\pams\ Hv iey-s-Sp-Ww Fp tXmp-Ibpw XpSv, i\n l\p-ams hmen]n-Snv hen-p-I-bpw,
]np-Ibpw sNbvXp. i\n l\p-ams Kpcp-]p-{X-\m-b-Xp-sImpw (i\n kqcy-tZ-hs ]p{X-\m-Wsm),
Ah-t\m-Sp _lp-am-\w-sImpw l\p-am Ahs\ Xmo-XvsN-bvXp. i\n hg-m-sX-h--tm, l\pam Ahs\ _-\--\mn. {iocm-as\ `Pn-p Bcp-sSbpw kao-]-p-t]mepw Xm hcn--sb
Ddvv kzoI-cn-tij-amWv l\p-am i\nsb kzX-{-\m-n-b-X-s{X.
CXn\v asmcp hymJym-\-hpw-Iq-Sn-bp-v. l\p-am \nkzm---X-tbbpw i\n Almc-tbpw Zpc-`n-am-\tbpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w tNp-p. i\nsb t\Sp--Xn\v Hcp-h l\p-am-s\-tmse hn\-b-ap--h-\m-bn-otc--Xpv. Hcp-h\v Gg-c-i\n hcp-tm AXns\ hfsc Ffn-a-tbmsS thWw t\cn-Sm.
k_v ]cv cmav X]kzo cmPm I Xn\tI ImPv kIev Xpav kmPm II 27 II
Fm-h-tcbpw \nb-{n-p alm-tbm-Kn-bmb {iocm-a\pth-n- Av Fm ZuXyfpw Gs-Sp-p.
Hucv at\m-cYv tPm tImbn emssh I tkmbn AanXv Poh\v ^ev ]mssh II 28 II
A-bn\nv Bcv Fm-{K-ln-p-pthm Ahsmw BPo-h-\mw Ah-cpsS {]Xo--Ip-]cn
\In Av A\p-{K-ln-pp.
{io l\p-am {iocm-a-N-{s ZuXyw Gs-Spv \S-n-b-h-\m-Wv.
A-s\-sbm-cmv \psS
B{Kl, Ah DXvIr-jvS-sa-n, hfsc Ffp--n \nd-th-n--cp-hm-\m-Ipw.
Nmtcm PqKv ]cv-Xm]v Xpwlmcm I ssl ]cvknv PKXv DPn-bmcm II 29 II
A-bpsS Ion- \mep-bpK--fnepw Fpw {]k-cnpw
ap-gp-h\pw Fpw Xnfn \npw.

AXp-t]mse, A-bpsS {]ikvXn temIw-

l\p-ams \maw \mep-bp-K--fn Fpw {]N-cnpw (\m-ep-bp-K- {IXm-bpKw/kXy-bp-Kw, t{XXmbp-Kw, Zzm]-c-bp-Kw, Ien-bp-Kw).
l\p-am P\n-Xv t{XXm-bp-K-nemWv, B\n-ebvv l\pams
{]ikvXn F-s\-bmWv kXy-bp-K-n {]Xn-^-en-pI Fsmcp kwibw \ap-p-m-tbmw. Cuizcs Ion A\--amWv AXp-t]mse, Bcm-[I-cpsS `nbpw imiz-X-am-Wv. \mep-bp-K-fpw Hn\p
]pdsI Hmbn XpSp-sIm-t-bn-cn-p-p. Atm, Ien-bp-K-n-\p-tijw hopw kXy-bpKw hcp-asm. am{X-a-, hmbp-`-K-hm Fm-m-epw \ne-\npp, hmbp-hn-msX PohnXw Akm-y-am-Wv.
{io l\p-am hmbp-]p-{X-\mWv IqSmsX Nnc-RvPo-hn-bp-am-Wv.
km[p kwXv tI Xpav cJv-hmtc I Akpcv \nI-\v cmav Zpemtc II 30 II

Av [mn-I-aq-ey--fptSbpw, Ejn-am-cp-tS-bpw, m\n-I-fp-tSbpw kwc--I\pw Zpjv{]-hr-nI-fpsS/ZpjvS-m-cpsS \mi-I-\p-amWv. l\p-am {iocm-a-N-{\v hfsc {]nb-s--h\m-Wv.
Hcm {]_-e-\m-sW-n Abm-fpsS in Xo-bmbpw \-bm-fp-Isf klm-bn-p--Xn\pw
ZpjvS-X-sb FXnp--Xn-\pw-thn hn\n-tbm-Kn-Ww.

kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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AjvSvknn \hv \n[n tI ZmXm I Akv _cv Zo\v Pm\Io amXm II 31 II

Pm\-In-am-Xmhv/koXm-tZhn A-bv Aam-\p-joI in-I-fmb 8/Fv knn-I-fpw, 9/H]Xv Xc-nep k-pw Abvv CjvS-ap--hsms sImSp-p-hm-\p A\p-{Klw {]Zm\w sNbvXp.
l\p-am BZy-ambn Atim-I-h-\-n koXm-tZhnsb ImWp--k-a-bv koXm-tZhn AXo-h-Zpx-Jn-X-bmbn-cp-p. l\p-am {iocm-as\ kvXpXn-p-Xp tIp-I-bpw, {iocm-as ap{Z-tam-Xncw ImWp-Ibpw, ASbm-f-hmIyw tIp-Ibpw, {iocm-a- Xs-tSn hcp-pv Fv l\p-am-\n\nv Adnbp-Ibpw
sNbvX-tm, AXo-h-k-tm-j-tmsS Hcp hn-s-Sn-s]mn-s-Spv ame-bpmn l\p-ams\ AWn-bnpsImv A\p-{K-lnp \o AjvS-kn-n-I-fp-tSbpw \h-\n-[n-I-fp-sSbpw (tbm-Kn-I-fpsS Fv Aam-\p-jnI
in-I-fp-tSbpw Ipt_-cs H]Xp Xc-n-ep k-n-t-bpw) ZmXm-hmbn-cnpw. (ko-Xm-tZhn
l\p-am\v ame-bp-m-mthn s]mn-s-Sp-Xv shn-e-sm-Sn-bm-bn-cp-p. hnclw A\p-`-hn-p--h
l\p-amkzmanv shn-e-ame AWn-bn-p-Xv D-a-amsW-p hnizmkw C-s\-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv).
AjvS-kn-n-I A\n-a (G-hpw sNdn-b-cq]w [cn-m-\p Ign-hv), aln-a (G-hpw hep-Xm-hm\p Ignhv), Kcn-a (G-hpw `mc-ap--h-\m-hm-\p Ign-hv), eJn-a (G-hpw `mc-an-m--h-\m-hm-\p Ign-hv),
{]m]vXn (B{K-ln-p--sXpw {]m]n-m-\p Ign-hv), {]Im-ayw (aq-p-tem-I--fnepw Fhn-sS-th-W-sanepw t]mIm-\p Ign-hv) Cjn-Xzw (aq-p-tem-I-fpw `cn-m-\p Ign-hv), hmjn-Xzw (F-m-h-tcbpw
\nb-{nv AbpsS A\p-N-c-cm-m-\p Ign-hv ({ioIr-jvW Xs HmS-p-g hmbn--tm tKm]n-Iam am{X-a {ioI-jvW-s-b-Sp-tbvv HmSn-sb-n-bvXv, ]ip-fpw ]n-Ifpw Fmw-Xs HmSn-h-p).
Ipt_-cs H]-Xp-X-c-n-ep kv cXv\-, alm-]-, ], i-c, aI-c, I-], apIp-, \oe,
Ih Fn-h-bm-Wv.
cmav ckm-b\v Xpwlvtc ]mkm I kZm ctlm cLp-]Xn tI Zmkm II 32 II
k-tcm-K-kw-lm-cn-bmb cma-`n A-bvp-v, Av Ftmgpw {iocm-a-]m-Z--fn Hcp tkh-I-\m-bn
\ne-sIm-q.
Xpwlvtc `P\v cmav tIm ]mssh I P\av P\av tI ZpxJv _nkv-cmssh II 33 II

l\p-ams\ kvXpXn-p--Xn-eqsS {iocm-a-N-{s A\p-{K-l-amWv Hcp-h\p e`n-p--Xv, AXn-eqsS

]q-P---fn Dm-bn-p Zpcp-X--fn\npw imn e`n-pp.
Av Imev cLp-_cv ]pcv Pmbn I Plmw Pv lcn-`v Ilmbn II 34 II

A-s\-bp Bfp-I (l-\p-ams `) Pohn-Xm-y-n {iocm-a-h-k-n[n-bn Fn-tcp-sa-pw, {iocm-as `-cmbn hopw ]p\P-\npw Fp hniz-kn-p-p.
koXm-tZhn ]dp Fm-bn-tmgpw \o {incm-as `-\m-bn-cn--s, At-l-ns Fhpw
{]nb-s tkh-I-\m-bn-cn--s, \ns Bcm-[n-p--hsmw {iocm-as Acp-{Klw Dm-hs. Hcp-h l\p-ams\ kvXpXnp-Xv {iocm-as\ ]qPnp--Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv. l\p-ams\
{]mn-p--h\v P-P-m--c--fn-embn Dm-bn-tm-n-cn-p Fm _pn-ap-p-I-fn\npw
apn e`n-p-p. A-s\-bp--h ac-W-tijw {iocm-a-khn-[n-se-p-p. AhnsS (sshIp--n) ]p\P-\n-p-p, AhnsS Ah Cuiz-cs `-cm-bn-o-cp-p, Hpw sNm\n-msX `K-hms cq]w Bkz-Zn-v, AhnSps kvt\lhpw A\p-I-bpw A\p-`-hnv Ign-bpp.
Ftm-gmtWm Cuiz-c `qan-bn hopw Ah-X-cn-p-Xv, Atm At-l-ns aln-a-I
Iv B\-n-p--Xn-\mbn Cu ` hopw `qan-bn ]p\P\npp.
kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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Hucv tZhXm Nnv \ [cbo I l\p-aXv tkbn k_v kpJv Icbo II 35 II

GsXmcp tZh-m-tcbpw {]mnp-Xn\p ]Icw l\p-ams\ am{Xta Bcm-[n-p-p-p-shnepw Ah\v Xo-bmbpw Fm kpJ-ku-I-cy-fpw e`n-p-p.
kSv IssS anssS k_v ]ocm I tPm kpanssc l\p-aXv _ev _oc II 36 II
GsXm-cp-h-\mtWm ss[cy-im-enbpw ]cm-{I-an-bp-amb l\p-ams\ Ftmgpw Hm-p--Xv, Ahs Fm
IjvS-m-Sp-Ifpw bmX-\-Ifpw A{]-Xy--am-Ip-p.
Xpf-ko-Zmkv ]d-bp-p, \ Fm tZhm-scbpw {]m-n-p--Xn-\p-]-Icw l\p-ams\ am{Xw kvXpXnma-Xn, \apv Pohn-X-n Fm km-j-fpw e`n-pp. CXn-\w, GsX-nepw Hcp tZh-\n
]q-hn-izmkw An-m AXn\p ^ew e`npsam-Wv. asm-cw, ]ecpw Ah-cpsS B{K-l-
k^-e-am-p--Xn\p-thn ]e tZh-m-tcbpw tZh-X-am-tcbpw {]m-n-m-dp-v. Fm ]e tZh-mcpw
B{K-l--fp--h-cmWv, Ah ]e-tmgpw \psS B{K-l- \nd-th-n--cp-hm ad-p-t]mIpp.
l\p-am\v \nkzm-amb `n-bm-Wp--Xv, AXp-t]mse Ftmgpw ap--hsc tkhn-p--Xn X-c-\pamWv.
ssP ssP ssP l\p-am\v sKmkmbn I Ir]m Iclp Kpcp-tZhv In \mbn II 37 II
Atbm l\p-am Pn! Av hnP-bn-s Av hnP-bn-s Av hnP-bn-s! Kpcp-m-\p \npsImv Av Rsf A\p-{K-ln-m-epw.
l\p-ams\ Xpfko-Zmkv ChnsS tKmkmbn/tKmkzman FmWv kwt_m-[-\-sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv. kwkvIr-Xn tKmkzman F-Xn\v C{n-b-sf \nb-{n-m Ign-hp--h Fm-Ww. l\pam\v GXp
shp-hn-fn-I-tfbpw ss[cy-ambn t\cn-Sp-hm\pw hnP-bn-p-hm\pw km[n-pXv At-l-n\v kzw icoc-tbpw a\-n-t\bpw \nb-{n-m-\p Ign-hp--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. C{n-b-sf \nb-{n-m Ign-hp
Hcp-h l\p-ams\ Bm-ambn kvXpXn-p-p-sh-n Ahs Fm-Im-cy-fpw hnP-b-n-se-pw.
\ap-mpw-Xs \psS a\-ns\ \nb-{n-m km[n-p-n-, AXns\ Htc-sbmcp _op-hn-te-bvv,
l\p-am-\n-tebvv tI{o-I-cn-m {ian-p. Kpcp-tZhv In \mbn = Kpcp-hn-s\-tm-se, l\p-ams\ Kpcp-hn-s\tmse kzoI-cn-m-epw. l\p-am inhs Awimh-Xm-c-am-Wv, inhs\ `qtem-I-n-s-Xs Kpcp-hm-bnv
IW-m--sncn-pp. l\p-am\pw Zbm-ep-hpw Ghpw amXr-I-bpamb Kpcp-hm-Wv. Xs injy-mcpsS sXp-I Xncp-n-sm-Sp-p--h-\mWv Kpcp. Adnhn-m-bva-bmIp Ccp-ns\ \on Adnhm-Ip
shfn-s {]Zm\wsNp--h\mWv Kpcp. l\p-ams\ Bcm-[np-Xn-eqsS \psS sXp-Ip---sfmw
AIn XnI `n-bp-m-hm klm-bn-p-p.
tPm kXv _mcv ]mTv Icv tImbn I OqSln _n alm kpJv tlmbn II 38 II

bmsXm-cp-h-\mtWm CXv (l-\p-am Nmeo-k) 100 {]mhiyw Dcp-hn-Sp--Xv, Ah P\-\-a-c-W-fn\npw ap-\m-Ip-p, kzob kpJw-/-]-c-am-\w A\p-`-hn-p-p.
tPm blv ]ssT l\p-am\v Nmenkm I tlmbv knn- kmJo Kucokm II 39 II
bmsXm-cp-h-\mtWm l\p-am Nmeok ]Xn-hmbn hmbn-p--Xv, Ah Ahs ey-m\w ]qn-bmp-p, AXn\v `K-hm inh kmn-bm-Ip-p.
Znh-khpw l\p-am Nmeok hmbn-p--XneqsS \-fn t{ijvT-amb Nn-I Dm-Ipp, XpSv
AXns icn-bmb Aw \mw tXSp-p. CXv \psS a\v ip-am-phm klm-bn-p-p.
Aw/kXyw tXSn-bp \psS bm{X ey-m-\-s-n-p-p, tamw {]m]np-p.
em-bp--n hnP-bwh-cnXn-\p-tijw l\p-am lnam-e-bn-nt]mbn Xs kzman-bpsS Bcm-[-\bnap-gpIn Ign-p. AhnsS l\p-am cmam-b-W-IY, AXnse {iocm-as I Hpw-Xs
tNmp-t]m-Im-sX, Xs \Jw-sImv lnam-e-b-]-X-n tImdn-bn-p. Hcn hmn-In-a-ljn Xm
kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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cNn cmam-b-W-hp-ambn l\p-ams\ ImWm Ahn-sS-sb-n. l\p-am Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p cmam-bWw

hmbnv hmoIn hfsc \ncm-i-\m-bn. Imc-W-am-cm--tm l\p-am-t\mSv hmoIn ]d-p, Xm hfsc
ti-I-c-ambn cNn cmam-bWw l\p-ams t{ijvT-am-b, {]uVn-\n-d cmam-b-W-hp-ambn Hcp-X-c-nepw
kmay-s-Spm km[np--X, AXp-sImv Xs cmam-bWw ad-tp Fv. CXp-tI l\p-am,
Xm cmam-bWw tImdn-bn ]md-I-sfmw Hcp tXmfnepw adp-tXm-fn hmo-In-tbbpw Ib-n, IS-en-tebvn-d-n. Xs kzman-p A-W-ambn Xmc-Nn cmam-bWw/]md--p-I IS-en kan-p,
l\p-aZv cmam-bWw F cN\ ]noSv Bcpw-Xs Zin-n-n-. l\p-ams Ion-Isf/aln-a-Isf
kvXpXnp--Xn-\mbn C\n-sbm-cp- P-w-Iq-Sn-sb-Sp-p-sa-p-]-dv hmoIn Xncn-p-t]m-bn. hf-sc-Im-eptijw \in--\n-e-bn-ep Hcp \mam-n-X-]-eI HgpIn ]n-X-m IqSp-X-embn hkn-n-cpp
Fv hniz-kn-n-cp/alm-Ihn Imfn-Zm-ks Imev Hcp Xoc--Sp-p-Ibpw, AXnse KqVm--c-
alm-Ihn Imfn-Zm-k
hymJym-\n-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, AXv l\p-aZv cmam-b-W-n-te-Xm-sWv Xncn--dnbpIbpw sNbvXp. l\p-aZv cmam-b-W-nse Hcp]Z-sa-nepw ImWm km[n Hcp ]pWym-m-hmWv ImfnZm-k.
]m-`n-tj-Iw Ignv hf-sc-m-es cmP-`-c-W-n-\p-tijw {iocm-aN{s kzm-tcm-l-W-k-a-b-am-btm {iocm-a-\p-ambn _-s ]ecpw, AXp-t]mse kp{Ko-h-\-Sw [mcmfw hm\-c-mcpw {iocm-a-t\msSmw kzw ]qIp-hm Xm-dm-bn. l\p-amam{Xw Ah-cn\n-smw Hgn-p-amdn {iocm-a-t\m-Sp-]-dp, F{X-Imew Xs kzmansb `qan-bnse P\- ]qPn-ppthm/Bcm-[n-p-p-thm, A{X-bp-Imew
X\npw Cu`q-an-bn Pohn--W-sa-mWv B{Klw. l\p-ams B B{Kl-tmSv koXm-tZhn tbmPn-pIbpw l\p-ams kmnyw s]mXp-P\--fp-sS-sbmw CS-bn Fpw \ne-\np-sav A\p-{KlnpIbpw sNbvXp. Fhn-sS-sbms cmam-b-W-]m-cm-bWw \S-p-p-thm, Fhn-sS-sbms {iocm-a-kvXpXn-I Be-]n-p-p-thm, Ahn-sS-sbmw Xs kzman-tbm-Sp \nd `n-bnepw BZ-c-hnepw B\--n s]mgn-p-sImv l\p-am D-mhpsapw, A-s\-bp e--fn\nv ZptZh-X-am Hgnp-t]m-Ipsapw hniz-kn-p-t]m-cp-p.
Xpf-koZmkv kZm lcn tNcm I IossP \mYv lrZbv alm tUcm II 40 II
Atbm `K-hmt\! Rm (Xp-f-kn-Zm-kv), Fm-bn-tmgpw A-bpsS tkh-I-\m-bn-cn-pw, Av (n-c-ambn-v) Fs lrZ-b-n hv Xmaknmepw.
Xpf-ko-Zmkv Ftgpw lcn-bpsS/{iocm-as `rXy-\m-Wv. lcn F ]Z-n-\w Fm ZpxJ-fpw AIp--h Fm-Wv. tl! `K-hmt\, Av Fs lrZ-b-n nc-ambn h-kn-m-epw, Fs Dt]-n-cptX.

tZml
]h-\X\bv kSv lc\v awKf aqcXn cq]v I
cmav eL\v koXm klnXv lrZbv _klp kpcv `q]v II
Atbm hmbp-]p{Xm! Fm IjvS-m-Sp-I-fp-tS-bpw hn\m-i-I-t\, Av ip-amb ssNX-\yamWv/amXr-I-bmWv/aqo-`m-h-am-Wv. Atbm tZh-m-cpsS cmPmth! {iocm-a-t\mSpw eva-Wt\mSpw koXm-tZ-hn-tbm-Spw-IqSn Av R-fpsS lrZ-b-n hv IpSn-sIm-m-epw.
CXmWv l\p-am Nmeo-k-bpsS aln-a. BZyam-bn hmbn-p-tm hfsc \nm-c-am-bnv tXmpsa-n-epw, CXns Aw Dsmv XnI `n-tbmsS \nc--c-ambn sNmp--Xp-sImv
henb t\w ssIh-cn-m km[n-pw. Znh-k-n Hcn--se-nepw l\p-am Nmeok sNmp-Ibm-sW-n, AXv \psS a\v ipo-I-cn-p--Xn\pw \s tam-n-te-bvp ]mX-bntebvv \bn-p-Xn\pw klm-bn-p-p.

Hmw XXv kXv

mbsukumaran@gmail.com
kzman kzcq-]m-\--bpsS {]`m-j-W-n\nv

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