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    Nixon Ford and Carter

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    The document summarizes the presidencies of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter from the 1970s to early 1980s. It describes how Nixon pursued conservative domestic policies and used foreign policy strategies like détente and engaging with China to ease Cold War tensions. However, the Watergate scandal led to his resignation in 1974. His successors, Ford and Carter, struggled to address stagflation, energy crises, and tensions abroad. By 1980, many Americans felt the nation's global standing had declined and sought a new conservative leadership.

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    Nixon Ford and Carter

    Uploaded by

    api-260132447
    250 views30 pages
    The document summarizes the presidencies of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter from the 1970s to early 1980s. It describes how Nixon pursued conservative domestic policies and used foreign policy strategies like détente and engaging with China to ease Cold War tensions. However, the Watergate scandal led to his resignation in 1974. His successors, Ford and Carter, struggled to address stagflation, energy crises, and tensions abroad. By 1980, many Americans felt the nation's global standing had declined and sought a new conservative leadership.

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    The document summarizes the presidencies of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter from the 1970s to early 1980s. It describes how Nixon pursued conservative domestic policies and used foreign policy strategies like détente and engaging with China to ease Cold War tensions. However, the Watergate scandal led to his resignation in 1974. His successors, Ford and Carter, struggled to address stagflation, energy crises, and tensions abroad. By 1980, many Americans felt the nation's global standing had declined and sought a new conservative leadership.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    250 views30 pages

    Nixon Ford and Carter

    Uploaded by

    api-260132447
    The document summarizes the presidencies of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter from the 1970s to early 1980s. It describes how Nixon pursued conservative domestic policies and used foreign policy strategies like détente and engaging with China to ease Cold War tensions. However, the Watergate scandal led to his resignation in 1974. His successors, Ford and Carter, struggled to address stagflation, energy crises, and tensions abroad. By 1980, many Americans felt the nation's global standing had declined and sought a new conservative leadership.

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    The 1970s and 1980s

    Richard Milhous Nixon was


    elected president in 1968 & 1972.
    Gerald Rudolph Jerry Ford Jr.
    was not elected to be president or
    vice-president, but served in both
    positions! (President in 1974)
    James Earl Jimmy Carter Jr.
    was elected president in 1976.

    Essential Questions:
    In what ways did President Nixon
    represent a change toward
    conservative politics?
    How did his foreign policy alter the
    U.S. relationship with the U.S.S.R.
    & China?
    Warm-Up Question:
    What events caused inflation in
    the 1970s?

    The Presidency of Richard Nixon


    By the late 1960s, citizens had seen enough
    turmoil in U.S. foreign & domestic affairs:
    The economic boom of the 1950s &
    1960s was starting to come to an end.
    American prestige in the world was
    damaged by the failure in Vietnam.
    Anti-war protests, hippie culture, &
    liberal govt programs led many citizens
    to believe that America was headed for
    moral decay & economic collapse.

    The Election of Richard Nixon


    Nixons victory in 1968 was due to the
    In 1968, Americans elected
    turnout of a silent majority who wanted
    conservative
    Republican
    Richard
    Nixon
    a more conservative government.

    Richard Nixon & Domestic Policy


    As a conservative,
    Nixon believed in a
    limited role for the
    national govt.
    He tried to reduce or
    eliminate many Great
    Society programs.
    He gave states more
    control over how
    money for welfare
    programs was spent.

    Richard Nixon & Domestic Policy


    ByNixon
    the late
    1960s,
    South wastobecoming
    seized
    thethe
    opportunity
    attract
    more
    conservative
    dueRepublican
    to new military
    Southerners
    to the
    Partybases
    by
    & corporate
    headquarters,
    thepolicies
    relocation
    opposing
    new civil rights
    & of
    retirees, &
    frustration
    by whites
    over civil rights
    cutting
    government
    spending

    Richard Nixon & Foreign Policy


    President Nixon
    successfully changed
    U.S. foreign policy
    Instead of using
    containment to fight
    Communism & increase
    Cold War tensions,
    Nixon created a policy of
    dtente (to ease tensions)
    with Americas
    Cold War enemies

    The Presidency of Richard Nixon


    President Nixon
    successfully changed
    U.S. foreign policy.
    President Nixon &
    aide Henry Kissinger
    used a strategy
    called triangular
    diplomacy to
    improve Americas
    role in the world.

    Richard Nixon & Foreign Policy


    Nixons foreign policy
    included peace with
    honor in Vietnam
    Nixon discussed plans for
    Vietnamization
    but secretly bombed
    Cambodia & Laos in 1970
    In 1973, Nixon
    negotiated a cease fire,
    withdrew U.S. troops, &
    ended the Vietnam War

    Richard Nixon & Foreign Policy


    Nixons foreign policy
    included better
    relations with China
    In 1972, Nixon became
    the 1st president to
    visit & recognize China
    Nixons
    China
    Nixons visit
    visit to
    allowed
    was
    meant to
    for
    thealso
    possibility
    of
    exploit
    a growing
    rift
    U.S.
    trade
    with China
    between USSR & China;
    Now the USSR had to
    cooperate with the U.S.

    Richard Nixon & Foreign Policy


    Nixons dtente policy
    was aimed at easing
    Cold War tensions
    with the USSR
    In
    1972,
    Nixon
    By visiting China,st
    became
    the
    1
    Nixon pressured
    president
    to
    visit
    Soviet leader
    Moscow;
    Brezhnev to
    His
    visit
    led
    to
    the
    negotiate with
    Strategic
    Arms
    the United States
    Limitation Talks
    (SALT) to limit ICBMs

    The Presidency of Richard Nixon

    Nixon was a popular president by the


    end of his 1st term
    His domestic policies reduced govt
    spending & revitalized middle-class,
    conservative, & Southern voters
    His foreign policies led to the end
    of an unpopular war in Vietnam &
    eased tensions with Americas two
    biggest
    War
    rivals in 1972, the
    But
    after Cold
    Nixons
    re-election
    InWatergate
    1972, Nixon
    won
    one President
    of the biggest
    scandal
    broke;
    Nixon
    resigned
    in 1974
    ratherinthan
    face impeachment
    landslide
    victories
    presidential
    history

    Closure Activity:
    Reviewing U.S. Containment Policy
    Review the Cold War containment policies
    of the United States from 1945 to 1973
    List the Cold War events of each president
    Harry Truman (1945-1953)
    Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961)
    John F Kennedy (1961-1963)
    Lyndon Johnson (1963-1969)
    Richard Nixon (1969-1974)
    Rank these presidents from most effective
    (#1) Cold Warrior to least effective (#5)

    Essential Question:
    In what ways did Presidents Ford
    & Carter fail to meet the needs
    of America in the late 1970s?
    Warm-Up Question:
    Should Nixons presidency be
    judged more in his foreign policy
    successes or the Watergate
    scandal? Why?

    America from 1974 to 1980


    In the late 70s, the U.S. was overextended
    Americans distrusted their government
    as a result of Vietnam & Watergate
    The economy had entered a recession
    with high unemployment & inflation
    A decline in Americas status in the world
    A series of presidents (Ford & Carter)
    that failed to inspire a sense of hope
    among the American people

    President Gerald Ford


    When Nixon resigned
    in 1974, VP Gerald
    Ford became president
    Ford was seen as an
    honest man & hoped
    to move America past
    the Watergate scandal
    But,
    In September
    Ford was unable
    1974,to
    Ford
    movepardoned
    forward due
    Nixon
    to
    of constant
    any crimes
    questions
    related to
    Watergate;
    about a potential
    Ford lost
    criminal
    popular
    trial
    support
    of Nixon

    Another issue during Fords presidency


    was a growing economic recession
    Since the early
    1970s,
    Inflation,
    interest rates,
    Together,
    a stagnant
    economy
    the economy
    had
    grown
    & unemployment
    were
    &
    high
    inflation
    are
    known
    as:
    Stagnant
    High
    inflation
    stagnant economy
    with few
    new
    all
    on
    the
    rise
    STAGFLATION
    jobs or business profits

    President Gerald Ford


    Making the economic situation worse
    was the oil crisis of the 1970s
    Since Automania
    of the 1950s, U.S. use
    of oil was on the rise
    In 1960, Middle East
    and Latin American oil
    rich nations formed
    the Organization of
    Petroleum Exporting
    Countries (OPEC).

    President Gerald Ford


    Making the economic
    situation worse was the
    oil crisis of the 1970s.
    In retaliation for
    American support of
    Israel, OPEC cut off oil
    to the U.S. in 1973.
    As a result,
    gas prices soared &
    shortages led to long
    lines for gasoline.

    President Jimmy Carter


    Ford had no answer
    for stagflation or
    the gas crisis &
    was challenged by
    Georgia Democrat
    Jimmy Carter in the
    1976 election
    Carter ran as an
    outsider who
    played no part in
    Vietnam, Watergate,
    or the recession

    President Jimmy Carter


    In the 1976 election, Carter beat Ford

    Carter & Domestic Policy


    NoneCarter
    of histried
    efforts
    worked:
    As president,
    to attack
    the energy
    Inflation
    hit 14%,
    interest&rates
    neared 20%, &
    crisis,
    stagflation,
    the recession
    a new oil embargo in 1979 increased gas prices

    Carter & Foreign Policy


    Carter entered office committed to making
    human rights the basis of U.S. foreign policy
    Carter stopped supporting
    foreign governments that
    violated human rights
    In 1977, Carter agreed that
    the U.S. would return the
    Panama Canal in Dec 1999
    Carter hoped to gain peace
    in the Middle East between
    Israel & the Muslim nations

    Since
    By the
    its 1970s,
    creation
    Egypt
    in 1947,
    appeared ready
    Israel
    to recognize
    was attacked
    Israel inbyexchange
    its
    for the
    Muslim
    return of
    neighbors
    land in the
    in the
    Sinai Peninsula
    1940s, 1960s, & 1970s

    1973 Yom Kippur War


    between Egypt and
    Syria against Israel

    Carter & Foreign Policy


    Carter brought Egyptian leader Anwar el-Sadat
    & Israeli leader Menachem Begin to the U.S.
    for the Camp David Accords in 1977
    ? Carter did the
    impossible

    ?
    Egypt recognized
    Israels right to
    exist

    Israel agreed to
    leave the
    Sinai Peninsula

    Carter & Foreign Policy


    But, the situation in the Middle East got worse
    in 1979 when fundamentalist Islamic cleric
    Ayatollah Khomeini led the Iranian Revolution

    Carter & Foreign Policy


    Iranians seized the U.S.
    embassy & captured
    52 American hostages
    (Iranian Hostage Crisis)

    Carter tried negotiation,


    economic threats, &
    a rescue mission to
    return the hostages
    but all efforts failed
    The 52 hostages were
    held for 444 days

    Carter & Foreign Policy


    To make matters worse,
    the Soviet Union
    invaded Afghanistan
    in 1979 to defeat an
    anti-communist uprising
    The invasion signaled an
    end to Nixons dtente
    with the USSR as the
    United States sent aid to
    the Afghan rebels

    The Election of 1980

    Carter
    had been
    unablein
    tosearch
    end
    InBy
    the1980,
    election
    of 1980,
    Americans
    stagflation,
    free the
    U.S.Reagan
    hostages
    Iran,
    of answers
    elected
    Ronald
    as in
    president
    or restore Americas place in the world

    Summary
    By 1980, the USA seemed to be losing its
    place as the top nation in the world:
    The 1970s presented failures in the Cold
    War & new problems in the Middle East.
    Social protests & counter culture seemed
    to divide liberals & conservatives.
    Stagflation & the economic recession
    were growing worse, not better.
    The failures of Johnson, Nixon, Ford, &
    Carter left citizens in search of optimism,
    strong leadership, & conservative policies

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