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    01 CPT DOT Presentation

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    Jamie Moore
    This document provides an overview of cone penetration testing (CPT) for soil investigation. It discusses CPT equipment and measurements, advantages over traditional drilling techniques, accuracy and precision of CPT, methods for interpreting CPT data to determine soil properties like strength and stress history, and estimating parameters such as undrained shear strength and pore pressure dissipation from standard CPT data. CPT allows continuous high-resolution sampling at a lower cost and faster rate than drilling while providing robust measurements for geotechnical design.

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    01 CPT DOT Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Jamie Moore
    52 views30 pages
    This document provides an overview of cone penetration testing (CPT) for soil investigation. It discusses CPT equipment and measurements, advantages over traditional drilling techniques, accuracy and precision of CPT, methods for interpreting CPT data to determine soil properties like strength and stress history, and estimating parameters such as undrained shear strength and pore pressure dissipation from standard CPT data. CPT allows continuous high-resolution sampling at a lower cost and faster rate than drilling while providing robust measurements for geotechnical design.

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    01 CPT DOT Presentation

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    This document provides an overview of cone penetration testing (CPT) for soil investigation. It discusses CPT equipment and measurements, advantages over traditional drilling techniques, accuracy and precision of CPT, methods for interpreting CPT data to determine soil properties like strength and stress history, and estimating parameters such as undrained shear strength and pore pressure dissipation from standard CPT data. CPT allows continuous high-resolution sampling at a lower cost and faster rate than drilling while providing robust measurements for geotechnical design.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views30 pages

    01 CPT DOT Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Jamie Moore
    This document provides an overview of cone penetration testing (CPT) for soil investigation. It discusses CPT equipment and measurements, advantages over traditional drilling techniques, accuracy and precision of CPT, methods for interpreting CPT data to determine soil properties like strength and stress history, and estimating parameters such as undrained shear strength and pore pressure dissipation from standard CPT data. CPT allows continuous high-resolution sampling at a lower cost and faster rate than drilling while providing robust measurements for geotechnical design.

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    Cone Penetration Testing (CPT)

    Michael Bailey, P.G.


    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District

    Recommended publications
    ASTM D 5778-07 Standard Test Method for Electronic
    Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of
    Soils
    Recently updated standard describing state-of-the-practice equipment and
    procedures. Comprehensive guidance for operation and maintenance of CPT
    equipment.

    Lunne, T., Robertson, P.K. and Powell, J.J.M. (1997),


    Cone Penetration Testing in Geotechnical Practice,
    Blackie Academic/Routledge Publishing, New York.
    Thorough introduction to CPT history, theory and applications. Considered an
    essential resource by many CPT practitioners.

    Traditional geotechnical soils investigations

    Drill rigs used to collect SPT or undisturbed samples.


    Inconsistencies in sampling methodologies are common.
    Disturbance of undisturbed samples is unavoidable and
    can compromise sample integrity.
    Many opportunities to introduce error from sampling
    techniques to sample transport to laboratory extraction,
    handling and testing procedures
    procedures.
    Cost, $12 to $24 per foot (NCHRP findings), may be
    prohibitively expensive for detailed site investigations.
    Does not include laboratory testing costs.
    Relatively time consuming to collect samples.
    Spoils from drilling can create additional problems
    problems.
    collected.
    Main advantage physical sample is collected

    CPT investigations

    Standard cone dimensions: tip 10


    cm2, sleeve 150 cm2, 1.44-inch
    diameter
    Another common configuration: tip
    15 cm2, sleeve 225 cm2, 1.75-inch
    diameter
    5, 10, 15-ton load capacity cones
    most common
    Tip resistance (qc)
    Sleeve friction (fs)
    Induced pore pressure and pore
    pressure dissipation (U1,2,3)
    Shear wave velocity
    Soil resistivity
    Inclination
    Temperature
    T
    t
    Source: NCHRP Synthesis 368

    Source: NCHRP Synthesis 368

    CPT - Continuous sampling, 1cm vertical resolution.


    Conservatively, 5 times faster than traditional drilling.
    $6 to $9 per foot (NHCRP findings).
    Superior accuracy and precision compared to typical
    drilling and testing
    testing.
    Predicts many design parameters normally obtained by
    traditional drilling and sample testing.
    Laboratory sampling requirements are greatly reduced
    for added cost savings.
    No drilling spoils are generated
    generated.
    Does not eliminate the need for drilling and testing, but
    can g
    greatly
    y reduce number of borings/samples.
    g
    p
    Can collect additional data such as soil resistivity and
    shear wave velocity with little added cost.

    Disadvantage physical soil sample is generally not


    collected. Only used in unconsolidated sediments.

    Accuracy and precision


    Accuracy expressed as calibration non-linearity of strain
    gauges.
    gauges
    Typically 0.2 % of the full scale output (qc and fs) and 0.5
    % of full scale for pore pressure.

    P
    Precision
    i i iis one off th
    the h
    hallmarks
    ll
    k off CPT
    CPT. C
    Considering
    id i
    strata heterogeneity, remarkable repeatability is
    achieved in side-by-side
    y
    comparison
    p
    soundings.
    g
    Precision of the tip readings is most reliable. Tip
    readings generally have the greatest design significance.

    Interpreting results
    When pore pressure is collected, referred to as piezocone
    or CPTu sounding. Three basic measurements qc, fs, u2.
    qc is typically corrected for pore pressure effects (qt).
    qt = qc + u2(1-a), where a is net area ratio of tip, ranges
    from 0.6 to 0.8 depending on probe design.
    Normalization for overburden stress.
    Qt = (qt-vo)/vo
    Fr = 100%[fs/(qt
    /(qt-
    vo)]
    Bq = (u2-u0)/(qt-vo) = pore pressure parameter

    Source: NCHRP Synthesis 368 (aftter


    Jamiolkowski et al. 1985)

    Soil behavior type (SBT)

    Source: NCHRP Synthesis 368 (after Robertson et al. 1986)

    Source: Robertson and Campanella 1990

    CPT predicted strength


    (using Nk = 11)

    Richard Olsen, PhD, PE USACE-ERDC


    Richard Olsen, PhD, PE USACE-ERDC-GSL-GEGB
    Geo-Omaha Conference -Omaha
    FebDistrict
    15, 2008
    Citrus levee meeting 10Jan2008 at New Orleans

    Estimated parameters from standard CPTu

    Undrained shear strength, Su


    Drained friction angle
    angle, phi
    Stress History, OCR
    Equivalent N60
    Coefficient of lateral earth stress, Ko
    Total density, relative density and void ratio, , DR, eo
    Constrained modulus, M
    Sensitivity, St
    Fines Content
    Additional parameters

    Undrained shear strength example

    Theoretical solutions exist to


    predict a number of design
    parameters from CPT data
    including Su.

    Another common method is to


    use site specific laboratory data
    to calibrate CPT results.

    Limited number of borings done


    under tight QA/QC.

    Laboratory results used to


    derive factors that are applied to
    CPT data
    d t to
    t produce
    d
    a best
    b t fit
    with lab data.

    Factors are then applied to


    larger number of CPT
    soundings.

    Pore pressure dissipation

    Pore pressure measured


    during push is induced by
    probe displacing saturated soil.
    When push is paused, rate of
    dissipation is linked to the
    coefficient of consolidation
    (cvh), which is linked to
    hydraulic conductivity (k).

    Where: D = constrained modulus, a = cone


    radius, IR = rigidity index, T50 = time factor
    based on cone radius
    y
    368
    Source: NCHRP Synthesis

    Source: NCHRP Synthesis 368

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