liw r

'kke dk le;A xkao dk ,d iu?kV1A fL=;ka ,d xqtjrs gq, ckads

ukStoku dh vksj bZ'kkjk djrs gq, dgrh gS]a ;g xk;=h dk igyoku csVk
xtsUnz gSA dy gh rks xkao ds naxy2 esa blus lHkh dks iNkM+dj vius
ekrk&firk ,oa xkao dk uke jkS'k+u3 fd;k gSA lkSHkkX;o'k m/kj ls mldh eka
iu?kV ij vkrh gqbZ fey xbZA mlus eka ls jkscnkj Hkk"kk esa dgk] eka! eSa v[kkM+s
esa naM&cSBd djus tk jgk gwAa vkus ij esjs fy, cknke vkSj nw/k rS;kj j[kukA
rHkh ,d vkSj lkSE; vkSj 'kkyhu ukStoku m/kj ls xqtjkA fL=;ka vkil esa
QqlQqlkbZ] og ns[kks xksfoUn tk jgk gS] xhrk dk csVkA D;k rst vkSj xq.kh
gS\ gky dh cksMZ dh ijh{kk esa vOo+y4 vkdj blus vius ifjokj dh 'kksgjr
esa pkj pkan yxk fn;k gSA mldh eka Hkh mlh le; m/kj ls xqtjhA csVs s us
eka dks vkns'k nsrs gq, dgk] eka! eSa V~;'w ku i<+us tk jgk gwAa vkus ij esjs fy,
lqLoknq idoku cuk dj j[kukA rHkh ,d rhljk nqcyk&iryk] lk/kkj.k lk
ukStoku Hkh m/kj ls xqtjkA fdlh us mldh iz'kalk esa ,d y+t5 Hkh ugha dgkA
mldh eka Hkh jkLrs esa mlls vk feyhA csVs us eka ls iwNk] eka! rqe dgka tk
jgh gks\ ikuh HkjusA yk ?kM+k eq>s ns ns vkSj rw ?kj tkA eSa vHkh ikuh ysdj
vkrk gwAa vc vki gh crk;s]a rhuksa ukStokuksa esa liwr dkSu gqvk\

1- iu?kV & xkao dk lk>k dqvk

3- jkS'k+u & izfl djuk
5- y+t & 'kCn] vkokt

2- naxy & izfr;ksfxrk

4- vOo+y & izFke
1

eugw l
,d jkT; esa ,d rFkkekU;1 cM+k gh eugwl2 O;fDr jgrk FkkA vf/kdka'k
O;fDr;ksa dks mlls ;g f'kdk;r Fkh fd lcsjs tks Hkh mldk eq[k ns[k ysrk Fkk]
mls fnu Hkj vUu&ty ulhc3 ugha gksrk FkkA /khjs&/khjs ;g ckr jktk ds dkuksa
esa Hkh iM+hA jktk us [kqn ,d fnu mldh ijh{kk ysuh pkghA ,d lqcg rM+d4s mBdj
jktk lcls igys mlds ?kj igqpa k vkSj mls uke ysdj ckgj cqyk;kA ml fnu jktk
us lcls igys mldk gh eq[k ns[kkA laf{kIr okkkZyki ds ckn jktk okil vius
egy esa ykSV vk;kA vc la;ksx nsf[k,] ?kVuke dqN ,slh ?kVh fd ml fnu jktk
fnu Hkj jkt&dkt esa vfr'k; O;Lr jgkA lpeqp 'kke rd mls vUu&ty xzg.k
djus dh iGql
+ rZ ugha feyhA 'kke dks /;ku vkus ij jktk us ml O;fDr dks cqykdj
e`R;qnMa dh ltk nhA mlds [+;ky esa ,slk O;fDr okdbZ eugwl FkkA ;fn og O;fDr
jkT; esa jgrk rks iztk dk lpeqp cM+k vfgr gksrkA Qkalh ij p<+kus ds iwoZ mldh
vfUre bZPNk iwNh xbZA mlus cM+s lges gq, dgk] egkjkt! vkius rks esjh lwjr
ns[kh rks vkidks fnu Hkj [kkuk gh ulhc+ ugha gqvkA esjk HkkX; nsf[k;s] vkidh lwjr
D;k ns[kh] tku ls gkFk /kksuk iM+ jgk gSA vFkZ le>rs gh jktk dh vka[kksa esa vkalw
vk x;s vkSj mlus mls ckbZTt+r cjh dj fn;kA lp es&a
^^O;fDr cqjk ugha gksrk] o+Dr cqjk gksrk gSA
ftldk dksbZ ugha gksrk] mldk [kqnk gksrk gSA**

1- rFkkekU; & rFkkdfFkr] tSlk yksxksa dh ekU;rk gS

3- ulhc+ & HkkX;] izkIr

2- eugwl & veaxydkjh

4- rM+ds & tYnh
3

vLohd`r migkj
ekS;Z dkyhu ;qx FkkA czkg~e.kokn] ;K vkSj cfy izFkk dk var gks jgk FkkA
lc vksj Hkxoku cq] muds la?k vkSj /keZ dh t; t;dkj gks jgh FkhA blh le;
rFkkxr1 fHk{kkVu2 djrs&djrs ,d dV~Vj czk.k ds njokts ij tk igqpa As czk.k
us tc mUgsa ns[kk rks ks/k ls vkx ccwyk gks mBkA Hkn~nh&Hkn~nh xkfy;ka nsus yxk vkSj
vuki&'kuki cdus yxkA dHkh eqfVB;ka Hkhap dj3 ekjus dh /kedh nsrk rks dHkh
xqLls ls iSj iVd dj vius ks/k dk bt+gkj4 djrkA var esa mlus cq ij Fkwd
fn;kA ij cksf/klRo5 bu lc ls vfyIr 'kkUr vkSj izlUufpk eqnkz esa [kM+s jgdj
^fHk{kk nsfg* dh jV yxkrs jgsA bl ij vk'p;Zpfdr czk.k ds ,d iM+kl
s h us iwNk
egkReu~ ;g ew[kZ vkidk bruk fujknj vkSj vieku dj jgk gS] tyh&dVh lquk
jgk gS vkSj vki 'kkar] vfopfyr [kM+s gSAa dksbZ izfrf;k D;ksa ugha djrs\ xkSre
us mkj fn;k] czk.kJs"B] ;fn vkids ?kj ij dksbZ vfrfFk ;k esgeku vkrk gS
rks vki mldk Lokxr dSls djrs gS\a bl ij ks/kh czk.k us dgk] mls
rjg&rjg ds migkj nsdjA vfr mkeA ij fdlh dkj.ko'k ;fn og vfrfFk
vkidk migkj Lohdkj ugha djs rks vki fQj ml migkj dk D;k djrs gS\a blesa
D;k nqfo/kk6 gS] og migkj nsus okys ds ikl jg tkrk gS& czk.k us cqfekk iwod
Z
mkj fn;kA egkeuk] Bhd mlh rjg tc vkius esjs vkus ij xkfy;ksa dk migkj
fn;k vkSj eSua s mUgsa Lohdkj ugha fd;k rks os xkfy;ka fdl ds ikl okil tk;sxa h
& cq us [kqyklk7 fd;kA bruk lqudj ks/kh czk.k dh xnZu 'keZ ls >qd xbZ
vkSj rr~i'pkr~ og egkRek cq dk Js"B vuqxkeh cu x;kA
1357-

rFkkxr & cq
Hkhap dj & dl dj] dM+k dj
cksf/klRo&cq dk ,d uke
[kqyklk & Li"V

2468-

fHk{kkVu & Hkh[k ekaxus dh o`fk

bt+gkj & izn'kZu
nqfo/kk & vk'kadk
vuqxkeh & vuqpj
5

R;kx dk izfrnku
ckSdkyhu ;qx FkkA ,d ckj dksly ns'k ds egkekR;1 dqN fHk{kqvksa ds lkFk
ns'kkVu2 dj okil jkt/kkuh ykSV jgs FksA jkLrs esa mUgsa ,d NksVs ls xkao dh lhek
ij :duk iM+kA nqHkkZX;o'k xkao esa nqfHkZ{k3 iM+k gqvk FkkA xkao ds eqVB~h Hkj yksx ;k
rks dky&dofyr gks pqds Fks ;k fQj tku cpkus dh bZPNk ls nwljh txg Iyk;u
dj pqds FksA cl ,d xjhc fdlku vkSj mldh bdykSrh csVh xkao esa clj dj
jgs FksA tks [kqn Qkads ij th jgs gksa og pkj&ikap gV~Vs dV~Vs ckS fHk{kqvksa ds
Hkkstu&lRdkj dk izcU/k dSls djrs\ b/kj Hkw[k ls fHk{kqvksa dk ej.kklUu4 gky
gks x;k FkkA ij ml xjhc d`"kd5&iq=h ds ikl ,d vewY; /kjksgj Fkh & mlds
js'keh ckyA 'kgj dh lsBkfu;ka mlds ckyksa dks igys gh eqga ekaxs nkeksa ij [kjhnus
dh igy dj pqdh FkhA ij ml xzke&ckyk6 us gj le; mUgsa udkj fn;k FkkA ij
vkt Hkw[k ls =Lr ckS fHk{kqvksa dk ej.kklUu gky ns[kdj mlds vka[kksa esa vkalw
vk x;sA fny d:.kk vkSj eerk ls lgt ilht mBkA mlus fcuk firk dks crk;s
jkf= ds le; uxj iSny tkdj vius js'keh cky csp Mkys vkSj lqcg rd fHk{kqvksa
ds fy, vko';d Hkkstu&lkexzh ysdj xkao igqpa hA fQj cM+s izes Hkko ls mUgsa cukdj
fHk{kqvksa dks Hkkstu djk;kA ij d`"kd&iq=h dk ;g vuwBk R;kx egkekR; ls Nqik
u jg ldkA jkt/kkuh ykSVus ij tc jktk us egkekR; ls dq'ky {kse iwNk vkSj
ekxZ ds laLej.k7 tkuus pkgs rks egkekR; us mu ls ml d`"kd&ckyk ds viwoZ R;kx
dh ppkZ dh vkSj dgk] ^^jktu~! gekjh le> esa og ckyk gj rjg ls vkidh
egkjkuh cuus ;ksX; gSA** jktk Hkh ;g ?kVuk lqudj vizHkkfor u jg ldk vkSj
egkekR; dh vkKk f'kjks/kk;Z djrs8 gq, mls viuh egkjkuh cuk fy;kA dSlk jgk
& R;kx dk ;g izfrnku!
1357-

egkekR; & egkea=h

nqfHkZ{k & vdky
d`"kd & fdlku
laLej.k & ;knsa

2468-

ns'kkVu & ns'k&fons'k dk Hkze.k

ej.kklUu & e`rizk;] ejus ds utnhd
ckyk & yM+dh
f'kjks/kk;Z djuk & flj ij /kkj.k djuk
7

tks ihM+ ijkbZ tkus

,d ckj tgk egkRek xk/kh Bgjs gq, Fks] Hkkjr dksfdyk Jherh
ljkstuh uk;Mw muls feyus vkbZaA la/;k le; ljkstuh th us ckiw ls
cSMfeaVu [ksyus dk izLrko jD[kkA ckgj eSnku esa tky (usV) yxk;k x;kA
fQj ckiw ,oa ljkstuh uk;Mw vius&vius jSdsV ysdj usV ds ,d&nwljs vksj
gksdj cSMfeaVu [ksyus yxsA ljkstuh th ds nkfgus gkFk esa ml le; fdlh
dkj.ko'k nnZ FkkA vr% og jSdsV dks vius ck;sa gkFk esa ysdj cSMfeaVu [ksy
jgh FkhaA ij dqN nsj ckn muds vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgkA mUgksaus ns[kk ckiw
Hkh vius ck;sa gkFk esa jSdsV idM+ dj cSMfeaVu [ksy jgs gSaA og HkyhHkkfr
tkurh Fkh fd xk/khth lHkh dke vius nkfgus gkFk ls djrs gSaA fQj os
cSMfeaVu ck;sa gkFk ls jSdsV idM+ dj D;ksa [ksy jgs gSa \ tc ljkstuh uk;Mw
us egkRek xk/kh ls bldk dkj.k tkuuk pkgk] rc ckiw us cM+s ljy ,oa
eeRoiw.kZ1 'kCnksa esa dgk] ljkstuh] eSa rqEgkjs nkfgus gkFk ds nnZ dk vuqfpr2
Qk;nk ugha mBkuk pkgrkA blh dks dgrs gSa & lPph [ksy HkkoukA ckiw ds
,sls egku fopkj lqudj ljkstuh uk;Mw lgt gh Jkur3 gks xbZA ,sls
jk"Vfirk ds fiz; Hktuksa esa ,d Fkk
oS".ko tu rks rsus dfg,] tks ihM+4 ijkbZ tkusA

1- eeRoiw.kZeerk iw.kZ
3- Jkurvknj ls >qd tkuk

2- vuqfprvuko';d] osctg
4- ihM+nq%[k] nnZ
9

10

iqLrd izse
phuh ;k=h g~ous lkax jktk g"kZoZu ds 'kklu dky esa Hkkjr vk;k FkkA
og dkQh fnuksa rd fcgkj ds ukyUnk fo'ofo|ky; esa jg dj iBu&ikBu djrs
jgkA vius izokl1 ds nkSjku] og vusdkusd] nqyHZ k2 iqLrdksa dk laLd`r] ikyh vkSj
vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ls phuh esa vuqokn djrk jgkA tc mlds phu izLFkku3 dk
le; vk;k rks ijEijk ds vuqlkj mls <sj lkjh iqLrdsa migkjLo:i HkaVsa dh xbZA
vusd fo|kFkhZ mlds iqLrdksa dk FkSyk vius da/kksa ij mBk dj mls ukSdk rd NksMu+ s
vk;sA f'k"Vkpkjo'k ikap nl ukSdk ij mls vxys xarO; rd NksMu+ s Hkh vk cSBAS
ml le; xaxk unh esa ck<+ vkbZ gqbZ FkhA ikuh dk vkosx iwjs mQku4 ij
FkkA ukSdk vHkh dqN gh nwj c<+h Fkh fd iqLrdksa ds nqjg5 Hkkj ls ukSdk esa ikuh dk
vkxeu gksus yxkA g~ous lkax cM+s fpfUrrA Mj vius Mwcus dk ugha cfYd vius vFkd
ifjJe ds lkSxkr5 vewY; iqLrdksa ds [kksus dk FkkA ikuh dk vkxeu yxkrkj c<+rk
tk jgk FkkA ukfod us lykg nh] ^^dqN iqLrdksa ds FkSys xaxk esa Qsd
a fn;s tk;sAa **
g~ous lkax dks dkVks rks [kwu ughaA vius iwT; vfrfFk dks ;ks fparkxzLr ns[k dj]
fo|kfFkZ;ksa us igy dh ^^iqLrdsa ugha Qsd
a h tk;sxa hA blds cnys ge yksx xaxk esa dwn
tk;sxa As bruk dg dj ck<+ ls mQurh xaxk esa vius thou dh ijokg fd;s fcuk
fo|kFkhZ ,d&,d dj dwnrs x;s tc rd fd ukSdk iwjh rjQ lqjf{kr ugha gks xbZA
bl rjg ds u tkus fdrus g`n; Li'khZ vuqHko g~ous lkax us vius Hkkjr izokl ds
nkSjku fd;s FksA mlus vius ;k=k o`kkUr7 esa fy[kk Fkk & ^^Hkkjr ,d ,slh xq:Hkwfe
gS tks iwjs fo'o dks uhfr] /keZ] n'kZu bR;kfn ds vusdkusd v/;k; vuar dky rd
i<+k ldrh gSA**
1357-

izokl & ns'k ds ckgj fuokl

izLFkku & tkus dk le;
nqjg & dfBu] vf/kd
o`kkUr & fooj.k] o.kZu

2- nqyZHk & tks lgt miyC/k ugha gks

4- mQku & mcky
6- lkSxkr & migkj] HksaV
11

12

izse dh nhokuh
,d yM+dh ,d uo;qod ls cgqr I;kj djrh FkhA uo;qod dqN fnuksa
ls 'kgj dke djus x;k FkkA b/kj yM+dh fojg1 esa ikxyA ,d fnu mls [kcj
feyh fd 'kke okyh xkM+h ls mldk izseh xkao ykSV jgk gSA lwpuk nsj ls
feyh Fkh vkSj xkM+h igqapus esa vYi le; 'ks"k FkkA cspkjh vius izseh ds izse
esa eXu ru&eu dh lq/k&cq/k [kks cSBhA nzrq xfr ls LVs'ku dh vksj nkSMh+ rkfd
xkM+h u vk tk;s vkSj og izseh ds feyu&lq[k ls oafpr u jg tk,A uekt+
dk o+Dr gks jgk FkkA jkLrs esa ,d uokc+ lkgc pknj fcNkdj vYykg dks
;kn Qjek jgs FksA izse dh ml nhokuh us vutkus esa gh jkLrs esa QSys mudh
yEch pknj dks jkSan fn;kA vHkh dqN gh dne vkxs c<+h Fkh fd uo+kc lkgc
ds vkns'k ij muds flikfg;ksa us mls idM+ fy;kA ekjrs&ihVrs os mls uokc+
lkgc ds ikl ys vk;sA mlus jksrs gq, gh iwNk ^^gqtwj] esjk t+qeZ D;k gS\**
ckoyh] ^^rwus ns[kk ugha] jkLrs esa eSa uekt i<+ jgk Fkk vkSj rwus esjs pknj
dks iSjksa rys dqpy fn;kA D;k ;g xqLrk[k+h2 ugha gS\**
tgkaiukg3] eSa rks ,d rqPN lkalkfjd O;fDr ds izse esa ikxy gksdj
viuh lq/k&cq/k [kks cSBh FkhA ij vki rks ijojfnxkj4 ds /;ku esa eXu Fks]
fQj Hkyk vkidks esjs }kjk pknj jkSanus dh lq/k dgka ls jgh\ nwljs gh {k.k
uokc+ lkgc dh xnZu 'keZ ls >qd x;hA lar dchj us D;k gh lp dgk gS&
^^<kbZ vk[kj izse dk] i<+s lks iafMr gks;A**

1- fojg & fcNqM+u

3- tgkaiukg&lalkj dk ekfyd] ckn'kkg

2- xqLrk[k+h & xyrh

4- ijojfnxkj&[kqnk] vYykg
13

14

fdldh csVh
,d ckj jktk foekfnR; ds njckj esa nks fL=;ka ,d dU;k dks csVh&csVh
dgrs gq, vius eka ds vf/kdkj izkfIr ds fy, mifLFkr gqbAZ jktk foe vius lR;
vkSj U;k; ds fy, txr~ izfl FksA nksuksa fL=;ksa ls dU;k ds lEcU/k esa ckjh&ckjh
ls vusd xqIr ,oa egRoiw.kZ iz'u iwNs x;sA nksuksa us cM+h dq'kyrk ls mu lHkh dk
lgh&lgh mkj fn;kA dU;k viuh okLrfod tuuh1 ds ckj esa iw.kZr% vufHkK2
FkhA vr% vlyh eka dk fu.kZ; djuk okdbZ dfBu dk;Z FkkA vfu.kZ; dh voLFkk
esa jktk ds yykV ij fpark dh js[kk,a [khap vkbZA jktk us fQj dqN lkspk vkSj
vkKk nh] ^^dU;k dks vkjs ls phM+dj nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk;s vkSj izR;sd L=h
dks ,d&,d fgLlk ns fn;k tk;sA lkjh iztk fuLrC/k3A U;k;fiz; jktk us ,d
funks"Z k ckfydk ds gR;k djus dh vkKk ns nh FkhA ij jktk vfopfyr FkkA dU;k
dks phM+us dh lkjh rS;kjh gks xbZA tYykn vk x;sA dU;k dks cak/k dj mlds lj
ij vkjk j[k fn;k x;kA jktk ds eq[k ls vkjk pykus dk vkns'k fudyus okyk
gh Fkk fd nks esa ls ,d L=h jktk ds lEeq[k vkbZ vkSj jksrs gq, mlus fourh dh]
^^iztkoRly4] bl dU;k dks phfM+, er] cfYd esjh cgu dks gh lEiw.kZ ns nhft,A
eSa vius ekr`Ro dh ekax okil ysrh gwAa >wB cksyus ds fy, tks ltk vki mi;qDr
le>s] eq>s ns nsAa ** jktk us rRdky dU;k dks nks fgLlksa esa cVokuk jksd fn;k vkSj
cksys & ^^QSlyk gks x;k] bl dU;k dh vlyh eka ;gh L=h gSA** dkj.k Li"V
Fkk&udyh tuuh dks csVh ds ejus ls dksbZ eerk D;ksa gksrh\ ysfdu vlyh eka
dks csVh dk thfor jguk vius vf/kdkj izkfIr ls Js;"dj yxkA
bl dfBu QSlys esa foosdiw.kZ nw/k dk nw/k vkSj ikuh dk ikuh djus
ls jktk foe ds U;k;fiz;rk dh xwat vkSj O;kid gks xbZA
1- tuuh & ekrk
2- vufHkK & vKkr] ftlds ckjs esa tkudkjh u gks
3- fuLrC/k & lUukVk] fcuk fdlh vkokt ds
4- iztkoRly & iztk dks viuh larku ds leku I;kj djus okyk
15

16

Lokeh HkfDr
fnYyh ujs'k i`Fohjkt pkSgku egksck ds ;q esa cqjh rjg t+[eh gks
x;sA t+[e vkSj ihM+k ls vpsr os ;qHkwfe esa fxj iM+sA ;qHkwfe lSfudksa ds
'kksf.kr1 ,oa yk'kksa ls iVh iM+h FkhA ekSds dk Qk;nk mBkrs gq, >q.M ds >q.M
phy vkSj xh/k ;qHkwfe esa mrj iM+sA yk'kksa dks uksap uksap dj ekalksa ds
yksFkM+ksa ls viuh mnj iwfkZ djus yxsA bl izf;k esa os vpsr vkSj ?kk;y
iM+s lSfudksa ,oa lsukifr;ksa dks Hkh fu"izk.k dj jgs FksA lglk xh/kksa ds Nhuk
>iVh ds 'kksj ls lezkV~ i`Fohjkt ds ikl iM+s vaxj{kd dh vka[ksa [kqy xbZA
ns[krk D;k gS fd xh/kksa dk ,d cM+k >q.M pkSgku ujs'k ds vpsr iM+s 'kjhj
ij /kkok cksyus okyk gSA ikl esa dksbZ thfor lgk;rk ds fy, miyC/k ugha
FkkA og [kqn Hkh cqjh rjg ?kk;y FkkA mB dj xh/kksa dks Hkxkus dh 'kfDr
Hkh mlesa 'ks"k ugha FkhA ij lkal jgrs vius lezkV~ dh cfy p<+ tkuk Hkh
mls eatwj ugha FkkA vUrr% mlus ,d ik; lkspkA
ikl iM+h ryokj mBk yh vkSj vius vaxksa dks ,d&,d dkV dj xh/kksa dh
vksj Qsd
a us yxkA xh/kksa dks vkSj D;k pkfg, Fkk & ekal] fcuk fdlh iz;kl dsA
os i`Fohjkt pkSgku ds vpsr iM+s 'kjhj dks fcuk {kr&fo{kr fd;s viuk vkgkj ikus
yxsA bl rjg xh/kksa dks mlus rc rd my>k;s jD[kk] tc rd lezkV ds lsod
vkSj lSfud ;qHkwfe esa mudks [kkstrs ogka u vk igqpa As vaxj{kd dh ekSr cs'kd
ogka gks xbZ ij mlus Lokeh HkfDr dh ,d ,slh vf}rh; felky dk;e dh]
ftldks ;qxks&a ;qxksa rd vkus okyh ihf<+;ka ueu djrh jgsxa hA

1- 'kksf.kr & [kwu] ygw

2- felky & mnkgj.k

17

18

ewfkZ iwtk
jked`".k fe'ku ds laLFkkid1 Lokeh foosdkuUn ,d egku~ lar]
fopkjd o foku FksA ,d ckj ?kwers&?kwers mUgsa fdlh jkT; dk vfrfFk cuuk
iM+kA uxj izokl ds nkSjku ,d fnu Lokehth dks dgha vius xq: Jh jked`".k
ijegal dh ,d rLohj Vaxh fn[k xbZA vuk;kl mudk 'kh'k Jk ls >qd
x;kA ij bl NksVh lh ?kVuk us jktk dks cgl dk ,d eqn~nk ns fn;kA nwljs
fnu egkjkt us Lokeh th ls iz'u fd;k] ^^egkReu~! vki rks fujkdkj cz
dh mikluk ij tksj nsrs gSa fQj D;k ,d futhZo rLohj ds vkxs vkidk
>qduk 'kksHkk nsrk gS\** Lokehth iy Hkj :dsA fQj dqN lksp dj muds
lkear dks egkjkt ds firkeg2 dh rLohj ykus dks dgkA tc rLohj vk
xbZ rks ea=h dks mls iSjksa rys jkSanus dks dgk] fQj ml ij Fkwdus dksA egkjkt
us tc ;g lc ns[kk rks ks/k ls vkx ccwyk gks x;sA os cksys] ^^Lokeh th]
dgha vki ikxy rks ugha gks x;s\** Lokeh foosdkuUn us 'kkUr fpk gksdj
dgk] ^^egkjkt ;g vki Hkyh&Hkkafr tkurs gSa fd ;g futhZo rLohj esa vkids
firkeg dk okl ugha gSaA fQj bldh csbZTtrh ij vki ukgd ks/k dj jgs
gSaA ij nwljh n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks vkidk ks/k lgh Hkh gSA bl rLohj esa vkius
vius firkeg dh ewfkZ ns[khA vr% blls izse o yxko mfpr gSA Bhd mlh
rjg tSlk ,d HkDr dk vius vkjk/;3 ds ewfkZ ls gksrk gSA egkjkt dks rc
tkdj ewfkZ iwtk dk jgL; Kkr gqvkA

1- laLFkkid & LFkkiuk djus okyk

3- vkjk/; & Hkxoku] ftldh iwtk&vjk/kuk dh tk;s

2- firkeg & nknkth

19

20

eSa lc tkfr dk gwa

Lora=rk izkfIr ds igys dk le;A Hkkjrh; jsy dk ,d fMCckA
vpkud mleas lQj dj jgs vkpk;Z ts-ch- d`iykuh ls fdlh us iz'u fd;k
^^vkidh tkfr D;k gS\** eq>s irk ughaA D;k Hkyk ;g Hkh lEHko gS\ gka]
tc eSa lcsjs 'kkSp1 ds fy, tkrk gwa rks viuk VkW;ysV Hkaxh dh rjg [kqn lkQ
djrk gwaA rr~i'pkr ukbZ dh Hkkafr viuh gtker cukrk gwaA /kksch dh rjg
vius diM+s /kksrk gwaA czk.k dh Hkkafr 'kkL=ksa dk v/;;u & v/;kiu2 djrk
gwaA {kf=; dh Hkkafr fuR; O;k;ke vkSj vius tku&eky dh j{kk Lo;a djrk
gwa A oS'; dh rjg viuh vkenuh&[kpZ dk C;kSjk [kqn j[krk gwaA vc vki
gh crk;sa] eSa fdl tkfr dk gqvk\ iz'udkkZ D;k tcko nsrkekSu jgus ds
flok;A
bl lanHkZ esa dfooj jke/kkjh flag ^fnudj* dh ;s iafDr;ka fdruh
lkFkZd gSa &
^^tkfr&tkfr dk 'kksj epkrs] dsoy dk;j] wjA
ikrs gSa lEeku rikscy ls Hkwry4 ij 'kwjAA**

1- 'kkSp & iSjokuk] ey&R;kx

3- lkFkZd & mi;qDr] Bhd

2- v/;;u & v/;kiuiBu&ikBu

4- Hkwry & /kjrh
21

22

rqe ftruh ckj Fkwdksxs

jk"Vfirk eksgunkl djepUn xka/kh ges'kk jsyxkM+h dh r`rh; Js.kh
esa lQj fd;k djrs FksA blds ihNs mudk mn~ns';1 Fkk&vius cgqla[;d
xjhc rcds ds ns'kokfl;ksa dh voLFkk ls :c:2 gksukA ,d ckj blh rjg
os jsyxkM+h ds ,d fMCcs esa lQj dj jgs FksA vdLekr~ mUgksaus ns[kk lkFk esa
lQj dj jgs ,d lwVsM&cwVsM lTtu us fMCcs ds Hkhrj gh ,d dksus esa Fkwd
fn;kA tc dqN nsj rd mu lTtu dh rjg ls dksbZ izfrf;k ugha gqbZ rks
ckiw us ikl iM+s ,d jn~nh dkxt ds VqdM+s dks mBkdj mlls Fkwd dks c+[kwch
iksNk vkSj fQj f[kM+dh ls ckgj Qsad fn;kA ikl cSBs lTtu dks ;g cM+k
ukxokj3 yxkA ij fcuk dksbZ 'kfeZUnxh eglwl fd;s gq, mUgksaus nqckjk Fkwd
fn;kA ckiw us iqu% ,d jn~nh dkxt mBk dj mls iksNk vkSj f[kM+dh ls ckgj
Qsad fn;kA vc mu lTtu dh ckS[kykgV vkSj c<+h vkSj xqLls esa mUgksaus fQj
Fkwd fn;kA bl rjg Fkwdus vkSj iksNus dk flyflyk dkQh nsj rd pyrk
jgkA vUrr% xqLls vkSj ckS[kykgV ls iw.kZ mu lTtu us ckiw ls iwNk ^^vki
dc rd bl rjg iksNrs jgsaxs\** ^^tc rd vki Fkwdrs jgsaxs** & ckiw dk
ljy tckc FkkA blh chp ckiw dk xarO; vk x;kA tc LVs'ku ij yksxksa
us egkRek xka/kh dh t; dk ukjk yxk;k vkSj mUgsa iq"i gkj iguk;k] rc
tkdj mu lTtu dks irk pyk fd mudk Fkwd iksaNus okyk vU; dksbZ ugha
cfYd [kqn egkRek xka/kh FksA

1- mn~ns'; & edln

3- ukxokj & cqjk

2- :c: & vkeus&lkeus gksuk

23

24

Qkalh ds igys dljr

if.Mr jke izlkn fcfLey dk uke Hkkjrh; Lora=rk&laxzke ds
vej 'kghnksa esa vxzx.;1 gSA ftl fnu mUgsa dkjkxkj2 esa Qkalh iM+uh Fkh]
ml fnu if.Mr th lqcg tYnh mB x;sA 'kkSpkfn ls fuo`k gksdj igys
dljr fd;k] fQj LukuA rc Hkxor~ Hktu ,oa iwtk ikBA mUgsa 'kwyh rd
ys tkus okyk vaxzst vQ+lj cM+s foLe;3 ls ;g lc izkr% p;kZ ns[k jgk FkkA
mlus fcfLey ls iwNk] ^^if.Mr th! Qkalh ds fnu Luku ,oa iwtk&ikB dk
rdZ ,oa jgL; rks le> esa vkrk gS] ij vkius dljr D;ksa fd;k vkt ds
fnu & ;g esjh le> esa ugha vk;kA** fcfLey us vkRe&xkSjoiw.kZ ygt+s esa
cryk;k & ^^og blfy, rkfd eSa vxys tUe esa Hkh gV~Vk&dV~Vk ,oa
ranq:Lr iSnk gksma rkfd rqe tSls t+qYe4 ,oa flre5 <kus okys dkSe6 ds fo:
vius ns'k dh vkokt vkSj cxkor7 dk;e j[k ldwaA** ekSr ds igys ,sls
mn~xkj8 j[kus okys Hkkjrh; ukStoku ds izfr dkSu Jkur9 ugha gks tk;sxkA
lpeqp ftl ns'k ds ,sls ohj liwr gksa] mls dksbZ ckgjh eqYd vf/kd dky
rd xqyke ugha cuk;s j[k ldrk gSA ,sls ohjksa ds ckjs esa gh fdlh dfo dk
dFku gS &
^^'kghnksa dh et+kjksa ij] yxsxsa gj cjl esysA
o+ru is ejus okyksa dk] ;gh ckadh fu'k+k gksxkA**

13579-

vxzx.; & vxqvk] izFke] Js"B

foLe; & vk'p;Z
flre & ;kruk
cxkor & fojks/k
Jkur & vknj ls >qduk

246810-

dkjkxkj & tsy

tqYe & vR;kpkj
dkSe & ns'k
mn~xkj & vUrdj.k dh vkokt
et+kj & c+
25

26

gksugkj fcjoku ds gksr fpdus ikr

gksugkj iwr ds ikao ikyus esa gh fn[k tkrs gSAa blh dgkor dks pfjrkFkZ
djrh gqbZ ;g dgkuh lezkV~ pUnzxIq r ds ckyiu dh gSA ml le; ex/k] Hkkjr
dk ,d fo'kky lkezkT; FkkA ij ogka dk jktk uUn cM+k gh ew[kZ ,oa foyklh FkkA
,d ckj mlds iM+kl
s h jktk us yksgs ds fiatM+s esa can ,d flag (udyh) mlds
cqf&pkrq;Z dh ijh{kk ds fy, HkstkA uan ds njckj esa iMksl
+ h jktk dk nwr og fiatM+k
can flag j[kokrs gq, vius jktk dk lan's k i<+ lquk;kA egkjkt dk ;g vkns'k gS
fd fcuk fiatM+k [kksys ;k rksMs+ gq, bl flag dks fiatMs ls ckgj fudkyk tk;sA jktk
uUn lfgr lkjs njckjh fdadkZO;foew<1+ A
fcuk fiatM+k [kksys ;k rksMs+ bl flag dks fiatM+s ls ckgj fudkyk tk;s rks
dSl\s fdlh ds cqf&pkrq;Z us bl leL;k dk lek/kku ugha lq>k;kA vUrr% ,d
9&10 lky dk cPpk viuh txg ls mB dj fiatM+s ds ikl vk;kA mlus fiatM+s
ds vUnj axyh Mkydj 'ksj dk eqvk;uk fd;kA fQj mBdj aps vkokt esa mlus
dgk] ^^eSa 'ksj dks fiatM+s ds ckgj fudky ldrk gwAa lkjh lHkk LrC/kA egkjkt
uan us rlYyh ds fy, mls ikl cqykdj iwNk] ^^rqe D;k lpeqp bl 'ksj dks fcuk
fitM+k [kksys ;k rksMs+ ckgj fudky ldrs gks\ pUnzxIq r us mlh vkRefo'okl ls
tokc fn;k] ^^gka egkjktA** 'kh?kz ckyd pUnzxIq r ds dgus ij vkx dh ,d
vaxhBh2 ykbZ xbZ vkSj fiatM+s dks ml ij j[k fn;k x;kA vkx dh ykS ls ekse dk
cuk flag Lor% fi?kyus yxk vkSj dqN gh le; ckn fitM+s esa flag dk ukeksfu'kku3
rd ugha FkkA lkjk ex/k jkt njckj vkSj iM+kl
s h jktnwr ,d Loj ls ckyd
4
pUnzxIq r dk t;?kks"k dj jgs FksA ;gh ckyd pUnzxIq r vkxs tkdj pk.kD; dh
lgk;rk ls ex/k lkezkT; dk pohZ lezkV~ cuk vkSj xqIr oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA
lp gh dgk x;k gS & ^^gksugkj fcjoku ds gksr fpdus ikrA**
1- fdadkZO;foew<+ & HkkSpDdk
3- ukeksfu'kku u jguk&dksbZ fpUg u jguk

2- vaxhBh & pwYgk

4- t;?kks"k & t;dkj
27

28

ckyiu dh NwV
,d fd'kksj dks pksjh vkSj [kwu ds t+eq Z esa Qkalh dh ltk feyhA vfUre
bZPNk iwNs tkus ij mlus eka ls feyus dh dkeuk dhA eka tc jksr&s jksrs Qkalh ds
igys iq= ls feyus xbZ rks csVs us tuuh dks dku esa dqN xqIr ckr dgus ds fy,
ikl cqyk;kA eka us tSls dku ikl yk;k] csVs us mldk dku dkV [kk;kA [kwu
ds Q+Ookjs QwV iM+As eka ph[k vkSj Hkn~nh xkyh ds lkFk nwj [kM+h tk gqbAZ lc yksxksa
us iq= ds nq"Vrk dh HkRlZuk1 dh vkSj dgk] ^^bldks Qkalh dh ltk Bhd gh fey
jgh gSA** tc iq= ls mldh bl nq"Vrk dk dkj.k iwNk x;k rks mlus [kqyklk fd;kA
eq>s pksjh dh vknr ckyiu ls gh iM+ xbZ FkhA tc dHkh eSa d{kk ls vius lkfFk;ksa
dk isu] isfa ly] fdrkc] dkfi;ka pqjk dj ?kj ykrk Fkk rks ekaa dks fn[kykrk FkkA
ij eka eq>s ekjus ;k MkaVus ds ,ot2 esa I;kj vkSj izkRs lkgu nsrh FkhA blh dkj.k
esjh NksVh yr] cM+h vkSj cM+h c<+rh xbZ vkSj vkt eSa tqYe ds bl eqdke ij vk
igqpa k gwa A ;fn eka eq>s ml le; gha MkaVrh] MiVrh vkSj ekjrh ;k firkth vFkok
f'k{kdksa ls ;g f'kdk;r djrh rks vkt esjh ;g xfr u gksrhA ,slk dgdj iq=
ngkMs+ ekj dj jksus yxkA
lp esa ekrk&firk ,oa xq: dk mfpr ekxZ&funs'Z ku ftls le; ij ugha
feyrk] mldh ;gh xfr gksrh gSA ij blds fy, cPpksa ls T;knk nks"k ds Hkkxh
ekrk&firk ,oa f'k{kd o`Un gha gSAa ,slk blfy, fd cPps rks ml le; vcks/k ,oa
ukle> gksrs gSAa muds mfpr ekxZ&funs'Z ku vkSj lPpk ukxfjd cukus dh ftEesnkjh
vfHkHkkodksa ij gh gksrh gSA blh dks y{; dj lar dchj us dgk gS &
^^xq: dqEHkkj f'k"; dqEHk gS] xf<+&xf<+ dk<+S [kksV4A
Hkhrj gkFk lgkj ns] ckgj ekjs pksVA**
1- HkRlZuk & fuank
3- dqEHk & ?kM+k

2- ,ot & cnys esa

4- [kksV & deh] nqxqZ.k
29

30

fujk'kk dk vUr
,d ckj ,d i<+k&fy[kk] LoLFk ukStoku ukSdjh dh [kkst esa egkuxjh
eqEcbZ igqpka A fnu] lIrkg] eghus vkSj fQj o"kZ xqtj x;s] ij ml cnulhc+1
dks ,d ekewyh ukSdjh Hkh e;Llj2 ugha gqbAZ vUr esa ru&eu ls VwVs vkSj
uSjk'; ls Hkjs ml ;qod us vkRegR;k djus dh BkuhA blh e esa nsj jkr
va/ksjs esa og pkSikVh ds leqna z rV ij igqpa kA vius HkkX; vkSj Hkxoku dks dkslrs
gq, og leqna z esa Nykax gh yxkus okyk Fkk fd fdlh us ihNs ls mlds ihB ij
gkFk j[kdj pkSd
a k fn;kA gka] cU/kq! [kqndq'kh3 djus tk jgs gks\ ;qod us viuh
O;Fkk&dFkk lqukbZ vkSj fQj dgk] vc bl lalkj esa thus dk dksbZ vkSfpR;4
ugha fn[kkbZ iM+rkA eq> cnulhc+ dks c+js ge5 Hkxoku us dqN Hkh rks ugha fn;k
ftl ij Q+6 dj ldwAa vifjfpr us dgk] Bhd gS] fQj rqe ikp yk[k
#i;s ysdj viuk ,d xqnkZ ns nksA O;fDr ,d xqnZs ij Hkh rkmez LoLFk jg ldrk
gSA fQj rqe bl ikp yk[k #i;s ls dksbZ O;olk; 'kq: dj ysukA O;fDr
blds fy, jkth ugha gqvkA fQj vifjfpr us ckr vkxs c<+kbZ] HkkbZ ;fn ;g
jde de yxrh gS rks fQj ,d vka[k ns nks] nl yk[k #i;s nsrk gwA O;fDr
rc Hkh jkth ugha gqvkA vifjfpr us dgk] cU/kq pqi D;ksa gks] pyks viuk
ukdke;kc7 cak;k gkFk gh ns nks] chl yk[k #i;s nsrk gwA de rks ugha gSA
O;fDr rc Hkh Vl ls el ugha gqvkA vifjfpr dks rc xqLlk vk x;kA cksyk]
vHkh rks vius dks cM+k cnulhc+ dg jgk FkkA ;fn fQj Hkh ;g jde de
yxrh gS rks ipkl yk[k #i;s nsrk gw] cak;k iSj gha ns nksA
ij varr% og csjkstxkj] fujk'k] vkRegR;k ij mrk: ;qod vius
'kjhj ds rqPN ls rqPN vax dks nsus ds fy, Hkh jkth ugha gqvkA rc ml
vifjfpr vkxqUrd us ml uo;qod dks le>k;k] Hkxoku us rqEgs ,d ls
c<+dj ,d vewY; phtsa nku esa nh gSaA fQj Hkh rqe vius dks grHkkX; vkSj
31

mls c+sjge dgrs gksA csjkstxkjh ,d vYidkyhu leL;k gSA blls bruk
grk'k er gksvks fd rqe viuk vfLrRo8 gh feVk nksA mBks! [kqn vkSj [kqnk
ij fo'okl dj] iz;kl djksA lQyrk rqEgkjk dne pwesxhA bruk lquuk
Fkk fd ;qod vkRegR;k dk fopkj NksM+ dj thou ds la?k"kZ iFk ij nksxqus
mRlkg ls okil ykSV pyk FkkA
bl lanHkZ eas jk"Vdfo eSFkyh'kj.k xqIr }kjk dgh xbZ fuEufyf[kr
iafDr;ka fdruh lp vkSj lVhd yxrh gSa %&
uj
uj gks] u fujk'k djks eu dks
dqN dke djks] dqN dke djks
tx esa jg dj dqN uke djks
fdl xkSjo ds rqe ;ksX; ugha
dc dkSu lq[k rqEgs HkksX; ugha
tu gks rqe Hkh txnh'oj ds
lc gSa ftlds vius ?kj ds
izHkq us rqedks nks dj nku fn;s
lc okafNr oLrq fo/kku fd;s
fQj nks"k dgks mudk u vgks
uj gks] u fujk'k djks eu dksA

1357-

cnulhc+ & [kjkc HkkX; okyk

[kqndq'kh & vkRegR;k
c+sjge & funZ;] n;kghu
ukdke;kc & vlQy

2468-

e;Llj & izkIr gksuk

vkSfpR; & mfpr dkj.k
Q+ & xoZ djuk
vfLrRo & ekStwnxh
32

HkDr jSnkl ,oa ikjlef.k

lksygoha 'krkCnh dk dky A Hkkjr esa ckn'kkg vdcj dk 'kklu FkkA
mlh le; mkj Hkkjr esa ,d HkDr jgk djrs FksA uke Fkk jSnklA tkfr ls
eksph FksA jksth&jksVh ds fy, twrksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa ejEer mudk tkfrxr1
is'kk FkkA vr% xjhc gksuk LokHkkfod FkkA ij Fks os ije larks"khA O;olk;
ls cpk le; bZ'oj ds /;ku ,oa HkfDr esa yxk;k djrs FksA ,d ckj xjhc
jSnkl dh dqfV;k esa ,d egkRek i/kkjsA jSnkl th us vius lkeF;Z ls c<+dj
mudk vfrfFk&lRdkj fd;kA mudh lsok vkSj HkfDr esa dksbZ deh ugha jgus
nhA egkRek dqN fnu jSnkl th dh dqfV;k esa Bgjs vkSj mudh lsok vkSj
HkfDr ls cgqr izlUu gq,A tkrs le; mUgksaus fu/kZu jSnkl ls dqN ekaxus dks
dgkA jSnkl th us cM+h fouzerk ls dgk] ^^egkRek vkidh d`ik ls lc dqN
rks gSA vr,o eq>s dqN Hkh ugha pkfg,A** ij egkRek mudh lsok ls brus
[kq'k Fks fd dqN izfrnku vo'; nsuk pkgrs Fks A vUrr% tc HkDr jSnkl
Lor% dqN ysus ;k ekaxus dks bPNqd ugha fn[ks rks egkRek us viuh >ksyh
ls ,d oLrq fudky dj nhA dgk] ^^ys ;g ikjlef.k gSA ftl Hkh yksgs dh
oLrq dks Li'kZ dj nsxk] lksus dh gks tk;sxhA** bruk dg dj egkRek vius
xUrO;2 ij izLFkku dj x;sA muds tkus ds ckn HkDr jSnkl us ml ikjlef.k
ds lR;rk dh tkap Hkh t:jh ugha le>hA viuh dqfV;k dh Nr ds ,d
dksus esa fufyZIr Hkko ls mls j[k fn;kA
la;ksxo'k o"kks ckn ogh egkRek HkDr jSnkl ds xkao ls gksdj fQj
xqtjs A egkRek us lkspk Fkk fd ml ikjlef.k dh lgk;rk ls fu/kZu jSnkl
vc rd dkQh vehj gks x;k gksxkA mldh VwVh&QwVh >ksiM+h dh txg
vkyh'kku egy [kM+k gksxkA ij ;g D;k\ ogh VwVh&QwVh >ksiM+h] ogh xjhc
jSnklA egkRek us dkSrqgyo'k iwNk] ^^jSnkl D;k og ikjlef.k >wBk fudyk
33

34

;k dgha [kks x;kA HkDr jSnkl us eklwfe;r ls dgk] egkRek u gha og ef.k
dgha [kks;k gS vkSj u gh mlds tkap ;k miHkksx dh t:jr iM+hA fQj dgka
gS og ikjlef.k\ HkDr jSnkl us vfoyEc mls viuh dqfV;k dh Nr ls
fudkydj egkRek dks lkSai fn;k vkSj fou; dh] ^^Js"Boj! bls vki gh
jD[ksaA** egkRek HkDr jSnkl dh ljy fuLokFkZrk ls izHkkfor gq, fcuk ugha
jg ldsA lp gh dgk gS &^^larks"ke~ ija /kue~A**
^^xks/ku] xt/ku] ckft/ku vkSj jru/ku [kkuA
tc vkos larks"k/ku] lc /ku /kwfj lekuA**

1- tkfrxr & tkfr ds }kjk izkIr

3- fufyZIr & jkx] }s"k vkfn ls eqDr] vuklDr

24-

xUrO;&eafty] tgka tkuk gS

vfoyEc & 'kh?kz
35

sfM;e
V
L
y
us'ku

36

[ksy ds izfr lPpk leiZ.k

LFkku & fnYyh dk us'kuy LVsfM;eA volj Fkk Hkkjr ikfdLrku
gkWdh eSp dkA LVsfM;e [kpk[kp Hkjk FkkA jksekap viuh pje lhek ij FkkA
eSp 'kq: gks x;k FkkA nksuksa Vhesa ckjh&ckjh ls vius izfri{kha`1 ny ij gkoh
gksus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh FkhaA tc Hkh ,d ny xsan ds lkFk nwljh vksj c<+rk]
n'kZdksa dk jksekap] g"kZ vkSj 'kksj ns[krs gh curk FkkA iwokZ/kZ2 ds igys Hkkjrh;
Vhe us ,d xksy dj fn;kA lkjk LVsfM;e n'kZdksa dh t; t;dkj ls xwat
mBkA lkjs n'kZd [kM+s gks x;sA dksykgy ds e/; dqN Hkh lqukbZ ugha iM+ jgk
FkkA
blh chp ,d o;kso`3 lTtu vius iM+kslh n'kZdksa ls Vhe dk Ldksj
tkuus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs FksA muds ,d vka[k ij gjh iV~Vh ca/kh FkhA 'kk;n
vka[k dk vkijs'ku gqvk FkkA fdlh us frjLdkj iw.kZ O;aX; fd;k ^^ns[k cqM~<s
dks] [kqn rks Bhd ls ns[k ugha ldrk vkSj bruh HkhM+ esa eSp ns[kus LVsfM;e
vk igqapk gSA fdlh us vulquh djus dk cgkuk fd;k rks fdlh us dUuh
dVk dj lhV cnyus esa [kSfj;r4 le>hA [kq'kh ds bl ekSds ij dkSu ,d
cqM~<s dks eSp dk vka[kksa ns[kk gky cryk dj viuk le; cckZn djsaA ij
ogha cSBs ,d nks lTtuksa us Ldksj cryk dj mudk ifjp; tkuus dh dksf'k'k
dhA mUgksaus uis&rqys 'kCnksa esa cryk;k& ^^os estj ;kupUn gSaA fiNys
pkj&ikap fnu igys gh mudh vka[k esa eksfr;kfcan dk vkijs'ku gqvk FkkA
MkDVj vkSj ?kjokyksa us mUgsa LVsfM;e vkus ls euk fd;k FkkA ij os bl [ksy
ls brus tqM+s jgs gSa fd fnYyh esa jgrs gq, bl eSp dks ns[kus dk yksHk laoj.k5
u dj lds vkSj ?kjokyksa dks fcuk crk;s ;gka vk igqaps FksA** yksxksa us iwNk
^^ij vki ns[ksaxs dSls\ vkids ,d vka[k ij rks iV~Vh c/kh gS] nwljs esa vHkh
Hkh eksfr;kfcan gSA Bhd gS HkkbZ! ns[k u lgh] lqu rks ldrk gwaA fQj vki
37

yksxksa dh [kq'kh] HkhM+ dh t; t;dkj vkSj LVsfM;e dk jksekafpr okrkoj.k

dk jkseja/kks5a ls laLi'kZu6 D;k de [kq'kh nk;d gSA [ksy ds izfr ,slk leiZ.k
Hkko ,d gkdh ds tknwxj ls gh visf{kr gSA ;g Hkkjr ds ogh estj /;kupUn
Fks] ftUgksaus cfyZu 1936 ds vksyafid gkdh QkbZuy esa tc teZuh dks gjk;k
Fkk rks teZuh ds rRdkyhu 'kkld] fgVyj us mUgsa vius ikl cqykdj dgk
Fkk] ^^ dk'k rqe ,d teZu gksrs rks vkt ,d vnuk ls estj ugha cfYd estj
tujy gksrsA** ij Hkkjr ekrk ds bl liwr dks nsf[k;s&mlus teZu Q+kSt ds
estj tujy in ds cnys Hkkjrh; lsuk dk ,d estj jguk Js;"dj le>kA

1357-

izfri{kh & fojks/kh

o;kso` & dkQh cw<+s
jkseja/kksa & Ropk ds fNnzksa }kjk
rRdkyhu & ml le; dk

2- iwokZ/k & vk/ks dk igyk Hkkx

4- [kSfj;r & HkykbZ
6- laLi'kZu & Li'kZ] Nqvu] vUrxzZg.k
38

,d nwljs dh enn
izkphu dky esa ,d jkT; esa ,d jktk jkt djrk FkkA jktk [kqn
rks Fkk cM+k fo}ku ,oa cyokuA ij mlds lHkh lkear vkSj njckjh vOo+y
nt+sZ ds ew[kZ] bZ";kZyq vkSj dqcqf FksA os ges'kk ,d nwljs dks uhpk fn[kkus
dh dksf'k'k esa yxs jgrs FksA muesa vkilh rkyesy dk iw.kZr% vHkko FkkA
jktk us cgqr ckj mudks le>kus dh dksf'k'k dh] ij lc O;FkZ1A jktk
blh lksp ls fpfUrr jgrs Fks fd ,slh fLFkfr esa fdlh iM+kslh jktk us
p<+kbZ dj nh rks cqjh rjg ijkt;2 dk eqag ns[kuk iM+sxkA vUrr% mlus
,d ik; lkspkA ,d fnu mlus lHkh lkearksa vkSj jkt njckfj;ksa dks
,d Hkkst ij cqyk;kA ukuk izdkj ds lqLoknq fe"Bku ,oa O;atu ijksls x;sA
mudh [kq'kcw lwa?kdj thHk ls vuk;kl ikuh Vidus dh ukScr vk jgh
FkhA ij ;g D;k\ Bhd [kkuk 'kq: gksus ds igys jktk us lHkh cSBs esgekuksa
ds nksuksa gkFkksa ij dsgquh ds ij cM+s&cM+s pEep ca/kok fn;sA vc [kk;k
tk;s rks dSls\ lkjs O;atu Fkkfy;ksa ijA pEepksa esa Hkjk rks tk ldrk Fkk
ij [kqn eqag eas Mkyk tk;s rks dSls\ ;g rks jktk us vPNk [kklk naM ns
fn;kA ,d rjQ lqLoknq idokuksa dh ehBh&ehBh xa/k eqag esa ikuh Hkj jgh
Fkh rks nwljh rjQ jktk ds cak/ks gq, pEepksa dh etcwjh ml ij ikuh Qsj
jgh FkhA blls rks vPNk gksrk fd jktk Hkkst dk vk;kstu gh ugha djrk
;k fQj mlesa vkeaf=r gh ugha djrkA cM+h nsj rd os lksprs fopkjrs jgs
dSls bu lqLoknq fe"Bkuksa ,oa O;atuksa dks eqag rd ykdj mnj&iwfkZ 3 dh
tk;s\ ij lc O;FkZA vUrr% jktk us ekSu rksM+k] ekU;oj! ekuk fd
pEepksa ds dsgqfu;ksa ds ij ca/ks jgus ls vki [kqn dh Fkkyh dk [kkuk
[kqn ugha [kk ldrs gSaA ij mlls vius ikl cSBs lTtu dks rks f[kyk
ldrs gSa vkSj os vkidksA jktk dh ;qfDr le> vkrs gh pEeps fuckZ/k4 xfr
ls pyus yxs vkSj lHkh esgeku 'kh?kz gh r`Ir gks x;sA ml fnu tkdj lHkh
39

40

lkearksa ,oa vf/kdkjhx.k dks ,d nwljs dh enn djus dh 'kfDr ,oa

lQyrk dk vglkl5 gqvkA uQ+jr6 dh nhoky [kqn c [kqn <g xbZ vkSj
jktk dh lkjh fpark {k.k Hkj esa dkQwj7 gks xbZA

1- O;FkZ & csdkj

4- fuckZ/k&fcuk :ds gq,
7- dkQwj & nwj gksuk

2- ijkt; & gkj

5- vglkl&vuqHko gksuk

3- mnj&iwfkZ & isV Hkjuk

6- uQ+jr & ?k`.kk
41

42

vkRefo'okl dk ifjp;
yanu ds jkW;y lkslkbVh dk lHkk d{k1A d{k vkeaf=r esgekuksa vkSj
n'kZdksa ls [kpk[kp Hkjk FkkA lkeus eap ij ,d Hkkjrh; ;qok oSKkfud vkt
iwjs fo'o dks ;g crykus tk jgk Fkk fd isM+&ikS/ks Hkh euq";ksa dh rjg galrs
vkSj jksrs gSaA
;qok oSKkfud us eap ij nks&pkj xeyksa esa yxs ikS/ks jD[ksA fQj ik'oZ2 esa
xzkeksQksu ij ,d lqjhys xhr dk fjdkMZ pyk fn;kA pan feuVksa ckn mlus ,d
e'khuh ;a=a dh lgk;rk ls n'kZdksa dks ;g fn[kyk;k fd isM+ iks/kksa esa [kq'kh dk lapkj
gks jgk gS vkSj os lj fgyk&fgyk dj bldk izn'kZu dj jgs gSAa rr~i'pkr xzkeksQksu
can dj fn;k x;kA vk'p;Z! isM&+ iks/kksa dh [kq'kh Hkh xk;c gks pqdh FkhA n'kZdksa us
rkyh ctk dj bl vkfo"dkj ij viuh eqgj yxk nhA
vc ckjh FkhA isM+ iks/kksa dks jksrk fn[kykus dhA blds fy, ;qok
oSKkfud us ,d ikS/ks dks xeys ls m[kkM+ dj est ij jD[ks chdj esa fLFkr
iksVkf'k;e lk;ukbM (,d rh{.k tgj) ds ?kksy esa Mky fn;kA oSKkfud
n'kZdksa dks cryk jgk Fkk] ^^vc nsf[k,] pUn feuVksa esa ;g gjk Hkjk ikS/kk
dSls ej tkrk gS\** ij vk'p;Z ikap] nl vkSj iUnzg feuV chr x;sA fdUrq
ml ikS/ks dh lsgr ij dqN Hkh vlj ugha iM+kA vaxzst oSKkfudksa dk ,d ny
O;aX; vkSj migkl3 iw.kZ n`f"V ls Hkkjrh; ;qok oSKkfud dh f[kYyh mM+k jgk
FkkA Hkkjrh; oSKkfud dks ;g migkl iw.kZ okrkoj.k fcYdqy Hkh ilan ugha
vk;kA mlus ?kks"k.kk dh fd ;fn ;g lpeqp esa iksVkf'k;e lk;ukbM dk
?kksy gS rks esjk Hkh ogh gJ gksxk tks bl ikS/ks dk gqvk gSA iyd >idrs
gh og iksVkf'k;e lk;ukbM dk Hkjk tkj mBk;k vkSj xVkxV ih x;kA
vc vk'p;Z djus dh ckjh mu xksjs vaxzst oSKkfudksa dh FkhA ftl
iksVkf'k;e lk;ukbM dk lqbZ dh uksad ds cjkcj ek=k dk thHk ls lEidZ
43

{k.k Hkj esa izk.kkUr dj nsrk gS] mlds ?kksy ls Hkjk iwjk tkj ihdj Hkkjrh;
;qok oSKkfud eqLdqjk jgk FkkA
n'kZdksa dks vaxzst oSKkfudksa }kjk fd;s x;s Ny vkSj /kks[kk/kM+h dh
igpku djrs nsj u yxhA okLro esa dqN bZ";kyq vaxzst oSKkfud ml Hkkjrh;
oSKkfud dks uhpk fn[kykus ds fy, Ny ls iksVkf'k;e lk;ukbM dk ?kksy
cnydj mldh txg lk/kkj.k phuh dk ?kksy j[k fn;k FkkA fQj ,d ckj
tksjnkj djry4 /ofu ls lkjk gky xwat mBkA tkurs gks vkRe'kfDr ds
vn~Hkqr ifjp; nsus okys ml Hkkjrh; ;qok oSKkfud dk D;k uke Fkk\
& Mk- txnh'k pUnz clqA

1- d{k & dejk

3- migkl & galh mM+kuk

2- ik'oZ & ikl] utnhd

4- djry & rkyh ctk dj
44

fe=rk
caxky ds pSrU; egkizHkq ,d egku fo}ku] lar ,oa d`".k HkDr FksA lewps
Hkkjro"kZ esa mudh [;kfr nwj&nwj rd QSyh FkhA mUgksua s vius o"kksaZ ds ifjJe
ls laLd`r esa ,d mke xzFa k dh jpuk dh FkhA vHkh mldk yksdki.kZ1 ugha gqvk
Fkk] ijUrq mldh izflf panu ds lqxU/k dh rjg loZ= O;kIr gks pqdh FkhA
,d fnu vius dqN fe=ksa ds lkFk os ukSdk ij lokj gksdj ml xzFa k dh ,dek=
izfr jktk dks HksVa djus tk jgs FksA ukSdk xaxk dh 'kkar ygjksa ij /khjs&/khjs
c<+ jgh FkhA vdLekr~ mUgksua s vius ,d vUrjax2 fe= ds psgjs ij xgjh mnklh
ns[khA nksLr dks mnkl ns[k dj pSrU; Hkh mnkl gks x;sA mUgksua s fe= ls bldk
dkj.k iwNkA igys rks fe= us Vkyus dh dksf'k'k dhA ijUrq pSrU; ds vR;ar
vkxzg djus ij mlus ek;wl3 gksdj dgk] xkSjkax4! eSua s Hkh rqEgkjs gh fo"k;
ls lEcfU/kr ,d iqLrd dh jpuk dh gSA ij eq>s iwjk ;dhu5 gS fd rqEgkjs
bl mke xzFa k dh txg mldh jkh Hkj6 Hkh iwN dgha ugha gksxhA blh dks
lksp&lksp dj eSa vR;ar mnkl gAw
fe= ds ,slk dgrs gha pSrU; us fcuk dqN le; xok;s >ksys esa ls
vius ml xzaFk dks fudkyk vkSj xaxk esa izokfgr dj fn;kA vU; fe= tc
rd euk djrs ;k cpkus dh dksf'k'k djrs] o"kks ds ifjJe ls jfpr og
vewY; xzaFk xaxk esa lekf/k ys pqdk7 FkkA fe= ds psgjs ij mnklh dh ,d
>yd ns[k dj R;kx dh ,slh vf}rh; felky8 dk;e djus okys egkiq#"k
Fks&pSrU; egkizHkqA

45

46

jk"Vdfo jke/kkjh flag fnudj us fe=rk ij D;k gha n;Li'khZ

iafDr;ka dgh gSa&
fe=rk cM+k vueksy jru] dc bls rkSy ldrk gS /kuA
eS=h dh cM+h lq[kn Nk;k] 'khry gks tkrh gS dk;kA

1357-

yksdki.kZvke yksxksa dks HksaV djuk

ek;wlmnkl] fujk'k
;dhufo'okl
xaxk esa lekf/k ysukMwc tkuk

2468-

vUrjaxfnyh] ?kfu"V
xSjkaxpSrU; egkizHkq dk ,d uke
jkh HkjvYi] fcYdqy FkksM+k
felkymnkgj.k
47

48

fo'okl dk tknw
f}rh; fo'o;q dk le;A fe= jk"Vkas dh lsuk] tkiku dh lsuk ij
e'k% Hkkjh iM+rh tk jgh FkhA ,dk,d tkiku dh ,d NksVh VqdM+h ij fe=
jk"Vkas dh lsuk us ,d tcjnLr kkok cksy fn;kA ml le; tkikuh lsuk dk
usrR` o1 ,d ukStoku ysfVusVa dj jgk FkkA lkFk esa eqVB~ h Hkj tkikuh lSfudA
yxkrkj ;qjk lSfud viuk eukscy fcYdqy gkj pqds FksA muesa 'k=q lsuk
ds lkeuk djus dh 'kfDr Hkh 'ks"k u FkhA vUrr% lsukifr us ,d lykg nh
^^ikl esa ,d ckS fogkj gSA D;ksa u gkjus ;k leiZ.k djus ds igys mlds
n'kZu dj ysAa ** lHkh us ,d Loj esa gkeh HkjhA fQj mUgksua s ckS fogkj dk
n'kZu dj] t;&izkfIr dh dkeuk dhA bl volj ij lsukifr us cryk;k
fd mlus ;g lqu jD[kk gS fd tks dksbZ Hkh bl fogkj dk n'kZu dj tks dqN
bZPNk djrk gS] mls ijes'oj iwjk djrk gSA bl ij lSfudksa us iz'u fd;k
&^^ijes'oj dh bZPNk ;k ojnku dk irk dSls fd;k tk;sA** lsukifr us bldk
ik; lq>k;k] ^^fcYdqy vklku & efUnj ifjlj2 esa ,d flDdk mNkyk
tk;sA ;fn lh/kk (gsM) fxjs rks fot; viuh vkSj ;fn myVk (Vsy) fxjs rks
fot; 'k=q dhA ml fLFkfr esa ge leiZ.k dj nsxa Aas ** lHkh us [kq'kh&[kq'kh bl
izLrko dks Lohdkj dj fy;kA rnUrj lsukifr us vius ikdsV esa ls ,d
flDdk fudky dj vkdk'k dh vksj mNky fn;kA flDdk /kjrh ij fxjk
vkSj lh/kkA lHkh us dkSrgq y ls ns[kk vkSj ,d Loj esa t;?kks"k fd;k] ^^vc
thr gekjh gSA**
rnUrj tkikuh lsuk us u;s tks'k] nqxus eukscy vkSj iw.kZ fo'okl
ls nq'eu dk lkeuk fd;kA nq'eu ds ikao] m[kM+rs nsj uk yxhA bl
fu.kkZ;d ;q esa lsukifr dks thou ls gkFk /kksuk iM+kA vfUre laLdkj
ds le; tc lSfudksa us mlds onhZ dh ryk'kh yh rks ,d flDdk
49

[ku[kukrs gq, /kjrh ij vk fxjkA vjs! ;g rks ogh flDdk gS] ij ;g

D;k\ blds nksuksa vksj rks gsM gSA lsukifr ohjxfr izkIr dj pqdk Fkk]
ij ejrs&ejrs ohjksa dks ,d lcd4 fl[kk x;k FkkA eukscy vkSj fo'okl
dk tknw gks rks detksj ls detksj lsuk Hkh fot;Jh 5 dk oj.k djrh gSA

1- usr`Ro & vxqokbZ

4- lcd & ikB

2- ifjlj & vkaxu

5- fot;Jh & lQyrk

3- dkSrqgy & vk'p;Z

50

eSa dgha cjluk uk Hkwy tka

;g dgkuh ml le; dh gS tc lHkh pj&vpj cksyrs Fks vkSj ,d
nwljs dh Hkk"kk le>rs FksA ,d ckj ,d jkT; esa cgqr Hk;kud vdky iM+kA
jkT; ds lHkh T;ksfrf"k;ksa us xzg&u{k=ksa dh x.kuk dj ;g ?kks"k.kk dj nh
fd ml jkT; esa vxys nl o"kks rd ikuh dh ,d cwan Hkh ugha iM+sxhA d`"kdksa
us vius gy j[k fn;s] etnwjksa us vius dqnkyA jktk&iztk] tho&tUrq]
isM+&ikS/ks] lHkh grk'k ijs'kkuA fdlh rjg thou vkSj e`R;q ls tw>rs gq, o"kZ
nj o"kZ xqtj jgs FksA ,d o"kZ chrk] nwljk] fQj rhljk---A iafMrksa dh
Hkfo";ok.kh lR; gksrh fn[kkbZ ns jgh FkhA b/kj nqfHkZ{k ls cqjk gkyA ij bl
chp ,d fdlku vfojke1] izR;sd fnu vius [ksr ij tkrk FkkA ogka og
dqnky ls l[r catj tehu dks dksM+rk FkkA ;g izf;k dbZ o"kksa rd blh
rjg fuckZ/k2 pyrk jgkA xkao&iM+ksl ds lHkh O;fDr mls ew[kZ ,oa ludh
dgk djrs FksA ij Fkk og /kqu dk iDdkA fcuk fdlh dh ckrksa dh ijokg
fd;s fcuk og vuojr viuh bl fnup;kZ esa yxk jgrk FkkA
ikapos lky ds mkjkZ dh ckr gSA ,d fnu fut nqigjh esa og dqnky
ls dBksj /kjrh dks dksM+ jgk FkkA ilhus ls rj&crjA cknyksa ds >q.M vkdk'k
ls xqtj jgs Fks] ij T;ksfr"k ds vuqlkj ml jkT; esa rks mUgsa cjluk u FkkA
vdLekr~ ,d NksVk lk es?k&[k.M mu ls fNVd dj fdlku ds ikl vk igqp
a k
& dqN fofLer] dqN dkSrqgy o'kA vjs HkkbZ fdlku! D;k rqeus T;ksfrf"k;ksa
dh Hkfo";ok.kh ugha lquhA vHkh rks ikap o"kZ gh xqtjs gSa] vxys ikap o"kksa rd
bl jkT; esa ikuh dh ,d cwan Hkh ugha cjlsxhA fQj rqe ukgd gha viuk
ilhuk ,oa Je D;ksa cckZn dj jgs gks\ fdlku us eklwfe;r ls tokc fn;k]
,slk blfy, fd ;fn nl o"kksa rd dqnky u pyk;k rks dgha dqnky pykuk
vkSj [ksrh djuk gha uk Hkwy tkmaA fQj ;fn ckfj'k gksrh Hkh gS rks [ksr rks
51

52

catj gh jgsaxs ukA es?k&[k.M dks ;g rdZ] eeZ rd Nw x;k A og nkSM+k&nkSM+k

es?kksa ds ikl igqapk vkSj cksyk & ^^;fn ge nl o"kksaZ rd ugha cjls rks dgha
,slk uk gks fd ge cjluk gha Hkwy tk;saA es?kksa dks ;g ckr rdZ&laxr3 yxhA
mUgksaus vfoyEc ogk cjluk fuf'pr fd;kA fQj meM+&?kqeM+ dj ewlyk/kkj
ckfj'k gqbZA [ksr&[kfygku] unh&rkykc & lHkh ikuh ls yckyc Hkj x;sA
nqfHkZ{k dk ukeksfu'kku rd feV x;kA thou&e fQj fu>Zj4 dh rjg
izokfgr gksus yxkA
bl rjg ,d lk/kkj.k d`"kd ds fo'okl us T;ksfrf"k;ksa dh Hkfo";ok.kh
dks /kkk crykrs gq, es?kksa dks cjlus ij etcwj dj fn;kA

1- vfojke & yxkrkj

3- rdZ&laxr & mfpr

2- fuckZ/k & fcuk fdlh ck/kk ds

4- fu>Zj & >juk
53

54

o+Dr dk ikcUn
cgqr lky igys cxnkn esa ,d [kyhQ+k gqvk djrk FkkA uke Fkk
mldk & eqLrQ+k A eqLrQ+k esa vU; xq.kksa ds vykos ,d [k+kfl;r1 Fkh fd
og o+Dr dk cM+k ikcUn2 FkkA mlesa FkksM+h Hkh Hkwy&pwd] vkxk&ihNk mls
drbZ eatwj ugha FkkA eqLrQ+k ds jktegy esa ,d cw<+k O;fDr jgrk FkkA uke
Fkk mldk & ealwjA mldk jkst dk ,d gh dke Fkk & Bhd ikap cts lqcg
uxkM+s ij pksV dj jktegy ds lHkh yksxksa dks txk nsukA bl dke dks og
cjlksa ls c+[kwch3 fcuk fdlh fnu ukxk vkSj dksbZ Hkwy&pwd fd;s fcuk
vatke4 ns jgk FkkA [kyhQ+k mlls csgn [kq'k FkkA uxkM+s dh vkokt lqurs
gh og fuR; mB tkrk Fkk vkSj iwjs fnu lkjs dke le; ls fd;k djrk FkkA
,d ckj fdlh cM+h [kq'kh ds volj ij jkT; esa dkQh jkr rd t+'u
euk;k tkrk jgkA [kwc [kqydj lcksa us lqjkiku fd;k vkSj dkQh nsj ls
lksus x;sA cnfdLerh dqN ,slh ?kVh fd vxys fnu ealwj lqcg ugha mB ldk
vkSj u Bhd ikap cts uxkM+s ij pksV gha dj ldkA
vknru [kyhQ+k nsj ls mBkA jktnjckj esa ealwj dh iqdkj gqbZ vkSj
mls bl xyrh ds fy, ipkl dksM+s ekjus dks eqLrQ+k us vkns'k fn;kA lHkh
njckfj;ksa us mldh vc rd lsok] c<+rh mez vkSj jkr dh t+'u dk gokyk
nsdj naM ekQ djus dk xqgkj fd;kA ij eqLrQ+k Vl ls el ugha gqvkA
vUrr% [kyhQ+k ds gqDe dks vatke fn;k x;k vkSj ml cw<+s ealwj dh uaxh
ihB ij ,d&,d djds ipkl dksM+s ekjs x;sA izR;sd dksM+s ds izgkj ls mldh
ph[k+ fudyrh vkSj ihB ls [kwu ds Q+Ookjs A ij [kyhQ+k cqr cuk lc dqN
[kkeks'k ns[krk jgkA ml ?kVuk dks ftlus Hkh ns[kk ;k lquk] og ,d Loj
ls [kyhQk dks ludh] ikxy] funZ;] wj vkSj o+g'kh5 dh laKk ls foHkwf"kr
djrk jgk&eghuksa vkSj cjlksa rdA
55

dqN cjl ckn o+Dr us djoV yhA ,d jkr t+'u ds ckn 'kjkc dk
u'kk [kyhQ+k ij dqN bl dnj gkoh gqvk fd lqcg ikap cts tc ealwj us
uxkM+k ihVk rc jktegy ds lHkh O;fDr mB x;s ij eqLrQ+k dh uhan uk
[kqyhA [kyhQ+k nsj x;s jktnjckj esa vk;kA vkrs gh mlus eqLrQ+k dks
cqyok;kA mlds gkFk esa dksM+s fn;s vkSj vkns'k fn;k] ^^esjh uaxh ihB ij Hkh
vkt fxu dj ipkl dksM+s yxkvksA uk ,d de uk ,d vf/kdA** lkjk
jktnjckj gDdk&cDdkA ealwj ds rks gkFk gh uk mBrs Fks] ij [kyhQ+k dk
gqDe Fkk lks iwjk djuk FkkA ,d&,d dj ipkl dksM+s cjlk;s x;s] [kwu ds
Q+Ookjs vkt Hkh cg jgs Fks ij eqLrQ+k ds eq[k ls mQ+ rd dh vkokt ugha
fudyhA
bl ?kVuk dks chrs lfn;ka xqtj xbZ ij vkt Hkh ml bykds ds yksx
lxoZ6 dgrs gSa & o+Dr dk dksbZ ikcUn Fkk rks eqLrQ+k Fkk] eqLrQ+k Fkk]
eqLrQ+k FkkA

1- [k+kfl;r & [kwch

3- c+[kwch & vPNh rjg
5- o+g'kh & taxyh

2- ikcUn & iDdk

4- vatke nsuk & iwjk djuk
6- lxoZ & vfHkeku ds lkFk
56

vfrfFk&lRdkj
,d xko esa Jh/kj uke dk ,d cgsfy;k jgrk FkkA ,d fnu og tky
ysdj taxy esa fpfM+;ksa dks idM+us x;kA fnuHkj iz;kl1 djus ds ckn mls
,d dcwrjh gkFk yxhA ?kj ykSVrs o+Dr vkleku dkys&dkys cknyksa ls f?kj
x;k] fctyh pedus yxh fQj ewlyk/kkj ckfj'k 'kq: gks xbZA Jh/kj ikuh
esa cqjh rjg Hkhax x;kA cw<+k rks og Fkk ghaA vr% Ba<+ ls mldk 'kjhj Fkj&Fkj
dkius yxkA Hkw[k vyx lrk jgh FkhA vr% tSls gha ckfj'k dqN de gqbZ]
og dcwrjh dks ysdj vius xko dh vksj yEcs&yEcs Mx2 Hkjus yxkA ij Ba<+
vkSj Hkw[k ls mls pyk ugha tk jgk FkkA vr% ,d o`{k ds uhps og gkj dj
cSB x;kA
la;ksxo'k ftl o`{k ds uhps Jh/kj :dk] og dcwrjh dk fuokl&LFkku
FkkA isM+ ds ij dcwrj cSBk Fkk vkSj dcwrjh ds vHkh rd ugha ykSVus ds
dkj.k fujk'k vkSj fpfUrr gks jgk FkkA dcwrj dks ns[kdj dcwrjh us dgk]
izk.kukFk! gekjs }kj ij vkt vfrfFk i/kkjs gSaA fQj vfrfFk rks nsork leku
gksrk gSA vr% vki esjh fpark NksM+dj budk lRdkj dhft,A dcwrjh ds
,slk dgus ij dcwrj dks vius drZO; dk cks/k gqvkA og cgsfy, ds ikl
tkdj iwNk] Jheku~! eSa vkidk D;k lRdkj d:\ Jh/kj Ba<+ ls cqjh rjg
dkai jgk FkkA mlus dcwrj ls 'kh?kz vkx dh O;oLFkk djus dks dgkA dcwrj
mM+k vkSj nwj ls ,d tyrs gq, ydM+h dk VqdM+k pksap esa nck;s okil ykSVkA
vius ?kksalys ds lw[ks ikksa vkSj ydfM+;ksa dks bdV~Bk djds mlus vkx
lqyxkbZA xehZ ikdj Jh/kj dh Ba<+ tkrh jghA ij tc 'kjhj xeZ gqvk rks
Hkw[k lrkus yxhA mlus dcwrj ls dqN [kkus dh O;oLFkk djus dks dgkA
dcwrj dqN nsj rd lksprk jgkA la/;k le; taxy esa bl vk/kh&rwQku ds
o+Dr dgk dqN [kkus dh lkexzh fey ldrh gSA mlds ?kksalys esa Hkh vkt
dqN ugha FkkA nksigj ls gha dcwrjh ds u vkus dh fpark esa og isM+ NksM+ dj
57

58

dgha ugha x;k FkkA vUrr%3 cgqr lksp&fopkj dj og [kqn gha ikl ds vfXu
<sj esa fxj iM+k rkfd mlds Hkqus gq, ekal dks [kkdj O;k/ks4 dh Hkw[k feV
ldsA O;k/ks us tc ;g ns[kk rks mls cM+k larki gqvkA ,d NksVk dcwrj]
ftlds tksMs+ dks og fiatM+s esa dSn fd;s gq, Fkk] mlds vfrfFk&lRdkj esa vius
tku dh ckth rd yxk nsxkmls ,slh mEehn ugha FkhA mlus dcwrjh dks
rRdky fitM+s ls eqDr dj fn;kA ij vdsyh dcwrjh D;k djrh\ ;g
lkspdj fd cgsfy, dh Hkw[k dcwrj ds ekal ls iw.kZ ugha gksxh vkSj fQj
mldk izk.kukFk Hkh rks vc ftank ugha gS] og Hkh tyrs vfXu esa HkLe gks xbZA
O;k/kk ;g lc ns[kdj vR;f/kd eekZgk5 gqvkA mlus viuh tky mlh oDr
QkM+ nh] fitM+k rksM+ fn;k vkSj vktUe fQj cgsfy;k ds dke dks u djus
dk QSlyk fd;kA
,d rqPN iaNh ds tksM+s us vius vfrfFk&lRdkj dk dSlk c+sfelky6
mnkgj.k izLrqr dj is'ks ls wj O;k/ks dk n;&ifjorZu dj fn;kA ekU;oj
Jh eSFkyh'kj.k xqIr us vfrfFk&lRdkj ij D;k gha eeZLi'khZ iafDr;ka dgh
gS&a
vius vfrfFk;ksa ls tkdj opu x`gLFkksa us dgs]
lekU;! vki fu'kk esa dq'ky iwoZd rks jgs\
gksbZ gks dksbZ Hkwy rks d`ik {kek dj nhft,]
vuqfpr u gks rks vkt Hkh ;g xsg ikou dhft,A

1- iz;kldksf'k'k
4- O;k/kkcgsfy;k

2- Mxdne
5- eekZkihM+k ls vkgr

3- vUrr%vUr esa
6- csfelkyvuwBk
59

60

Mkdqvksa dk xkao
;fn dksbZ eqlkfQj jkg pyrs&pyrs jkr fcrkus ds fy, dgha :d
tk;s vkSj xkao dk uke iwNus ij ekywe gks fd bldk uke ^Mkdqvksa dk xkao*
gS rks mldh eu%fLFkfr dSlh gksxh & bldk vanktk D;k vki yxk ldrs
gSa\ Bhd ,slk gh dqN gky esjk vkSj vU; eqlkfQjksa dk gqvk] tc ,d ckj
cl [kjkc gks tkus ij gesa ,d xkao esa foJke djuk iM+kA tc ge esa ls ,d
us xkao dk uke iwNk rks irk pyk fd bldk uke ^Mkdqvksa dk xkao* gSA uke
lquuk Fkk fd ge lHkh mB [kM+s gq, vkSj viuk cksfj;k&fcLrj lesVus yxsA
bls tkudj xkao ds iz/kku nkSM+rs gq, vk, vkSj mUgksaus gels gkFk tksM+dj dgk
fd bldk uke Hkj gh Mkdqvksa dk xkao gS ij ;gka ,d Hkh Mkdw fuokl ugha
djrk gSA lHkh f'kf{kr] lH; vkSj lyhdsnkj1 yksx gSa tks ^vfrfFk nsoks Hko%*
dh Hkkouk esa fo'okl djrs gSaA geus [kh> dj dgk rks fQj vkius bldk
uke Mkdqvksa dk xkao D;ksa jD[kk\ mUgksaus 'kkar Hkko ls dgk] ^^igys vki
lHkh fuHkZ; gksdj cSB tkb;s vkSj esjh ,d NksVh lh dgkuh (tks gdhdr
gS) lqu yhft,A fQj vki gha fu.kZ; dhft, fd bl xkao dk D;k uke jD[kk
tk;s\** bruk dg dj xzke iz/kku us viuh dgkuh izkjEHk dj nhA
lSdM+ksa lky igys bl xkao esa nks Mkdw jgrs FksA mudk uke Fkk &
lqyrku vkSj ey[kkuA nksuks HkkbZ Fks vkSj mudk dke Fkk&pksjh MdSrh djuk]
eqlkfQjksa dks ywVuk vkSj gR;k djuk bR;kfnA cM+s wj vkSj vkrrk;h2 Fks
osA nwj&nwj rd muds uke ls xkao okys dkairs FksA mUgksaus 'kknh ugha dh FkhA
ij ywV dk cgqr eky bdV~Bk dj jD[kk FkkA ,d ckj vk/kh jkr esa taxy
esa Nqis os vius dke dh rS;kjh esa tqVs Fks rHkh mUgas ,d NksVh cPph ds jksus
dh vkokt vkbZA mUgsa cM+k vpaHkk gqvk & vk/kh jkr esa] ,d fc;koku3 taxy
esa vkSj fQj ,d cPph dk jksukA vkokt dh fn'kk esa tc os vkxs c<+s rks ns[kk
61

fd ,d nq/keqagh cPph /kjrh ij iM+h jks jgh FkhA vkl&ikl eas vU; dksbZ ugha
FkkA dqN nsj rd mUgksaus bartkj fd;k] fQj tksj&tksj ls vkoktsa yxkbZ ij
dksbZ izfrf;k ugha gqbZA 'kk;n mldh eka jkLrk Hkwy dj taxy esa vk xbZ
Fkh vkSj ;gk dksbZ fgald taxyh tkuoj mBk dj mls [kk x;k FkkA vUrr%
muds iRFkj fny esa eeRo tkx mBk vkSj os nksuksa HkkbZ ml cPph dks mBk dj
?kj ys vk;sA vc fnu&jkr nksuksa HkkbZ mls f[kykus] fiykus] ugkus vkSj lqykus
esa O;Lr jgus yxsA pksjh ij dkSu tk;s vkSj MdSrh dkSu Mkys\ /khjs&/khjs
muds fny esa eerk dk foLrkj gksus yxk vkSj muds thou esa LFkkf;Ro vkus
yxkA NksVh cPph dk rqrykuk] cky fM+k;sa vkSj e/kqj ok.kh us mu ij dqN
,slk tknw fd;k fd dqN dky i'pkr~ mUgksaus vius pksjh&MdSrh ds is'ks dks
ges'kk ds fy, frykatfy4 ns nhA mUgksaus bUlkfu;r dh jkg ij pyus dh
dle [kkbZ vkSj viuh lkjh tek dh gqbZ iwath dks xkao ds fodkl vkSj
iqu:Fkku esa O;; djuk 'kq: fd;kA lM+ds cuokbZ] rkykc [kqnok;s] ikB'kkyk;sa
LFkkfir dh] efUnj dk fuekZ.k fd;k bR;kfn] bR;kfnA mudh vuojr
ifjJe us ml fiNM+s xkao dk lp esa dk;kdYi dj fn;kA bruk dg dj
xzke&iz/kku pqi gks x;s vkSj ge LrC/k A fQj mUgksaus iwNk ^^vc vki gh
crkb;s bl xkao dk blls csgrj D;k uke jD[kk tk;s\** lpeqp mu
Mkdqvksa dh dgkuh lqu dj ok.kh ewd5 vkSj ge Jkur gks x;s FksA ;fn
vki lq/kh ikBd bl xkao dk dksbZ csgrj uke lq>k ik;s rks vki dk vkHkkj
ekuwxkaA

1- lyhdsnkj&rkSj rjhdk ls jgus okyk

3- fc;kcku & lqulku
5- ewd & pqi

2- vkrrk;h & ;kruk nsus okyk

4- frykatfy & NksM+ nsuk
62

jVks er] xquks

,d taxy esa ,d egkRek th jgrs Fks A cM+s gh n;kyq ,oa lUr&LoHkkoA
,d fnu mUgksaus ,d cgsfy;k1 }kjk ,d rksrs dks idM+s gq, ns[kkA rksrs ds
vktUe dSn dh lksp dj mudk eu n;k ls Hkj mBkA mUgksaus dqN iSls nsdj
f'kdkjh ls og rksrk [kjhn fy;kA fQj mls os vius vkJe ys vk;sA vc
izfrfnu egkRek th mls vius iwtk&/;ku ds ckn f'k{kk nsus yxs] rkfd og
fQj cgsfy, ds tky esa ugha Qal ldsA egkRek th mls fl[kykrs Fks &
^^f'kdkjh vk;sxk]
tky fcNk;sxk]
nkuk Mkysxk]
yksHk ls mlesa Qaluk ughaA**
/khjs&/khjs rksrk ;g lh[k nqgjkus yxkA vc og [kqn gh jkst ;g jV
yxkrs jgrk] ^^f'kdkjh vk;sxk--- yksHk ls mlesa Qaluk ughaA** egkRek th
dks rksrs ls vc cM+k yxko gks x;k FkkA mUgksaus I;kj ls mldk uke fgjkeu
j[k fn;k FkkA tc egkRek th iw.kZ vk'oLr gks x;s fd rksrk vc muds }kjk
i<+k;k ikB iw.kZr% daBLFk2 dj fy;k gS rks mUgksaus mls fiatM+s ls eqDr dj
fn;kA rksrk ogah ikl ds taxy esa fuokl djus yxkA vk; fnu tc egkRek
th mkj ls xqtjrs rks vDlj muds dkuksa esa rksrs dh jV lqukbZ nsrh &
^^f'kdkjh vk;sxk--- yksHk ls mlesa Qaluk ughaA** dqN fnu esa mlds ns[kk&ns[kh
taxy ds vU; rksrs Hkh ;g jV yxkus yxsA egkRek th dks ;g lqudj cM+k
larks"k gksrk FkkA mUgksua s ,d fnu viuh f'k{kk dh ijh{kk ysus dh BkuhA vr,o
'kgj ls mUgksaus ,d f'kdkjh dks cqyok;kA ij tc f'kdkjh us taxy esa rksrksa
dks vius lkft+'k3 ds fo: vkokt yxkrs ns[kk rks mls cM+k rkT+tqc gqvkA
bldh ijokg u djds egkRek th uss mls tky fcNkus dks dgkA f'kdkjh tky
63

64

fcNkdj] nkuk Mkydj nwj ,d o`{k dh vksV esa cSB x;kA ijUrq ;g D;k\
rksrs rks lh[k dks jVrs gq, nkuk pqxrs tk jgs Fks vkSj tky esa Qalrs tk jgs
FksA ;g ns[kdj egkRek th dks cM+k nq[k gqvkA mUgksaus fgjkeu ,oa vU; rksrksa
dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, dgk js ew[kZ! D;k eSaus ;g ikB dsoy rqEgs jVus ds
fy, fl[kk;k Fkk ;k thou esa ikyu djus ds fy,A Hkwy le> dj fgjkeu
vkSj mlds lkFkh rksrs cgqr yfTtr gq,A mUgksaus egkRekth ls {kek ;kpuk
dh vkSj fQj mudh lh[k ftUnxh esa vey djus dk opu fn;kA
I;kjs cPpksa! blh rjg rqe tks ikB i<+rs ;k lh[krs gks mls thou esa
mrkjksA rHkh ikB i<+us dk lgh edln4 fl gksxk vkSj rqe thou esa lPps
:i esa lQy gks ldksxsA

1- cgsfy;k & fpM+hekj

3- lkft+'k & /kks[kk?kM+h

2- daBLFk & Bhd ls ;kn dj ysuk

4- edln & mn~ns';
65

66

Mkdw dk xf.kr
,d ckj pkj fe=&,d jktk dk iq=] nwljk ea=h dk iq=] rhljk
lsukifr iq= ,oa pkSFkk of.kd1 iq= /kuksiktZu dh bPNk ls nwj ns'k fudysA
dbZ fnu dh yxkrkj ;k=k ds ckn os ,d ,sls LFkku ij igqps] tgk ls
'kgj lehi FkkA ij 'kgj esa izos'k ds igys mUgsa ,d fc;kcku 2 taxy ls
xqtjuk FkkA taxy esa Mkdqvksa }kjk ywVs tkus dk Hk; FkkA vr% pkjksa fe=
us fu'p; fd;k fd muds ikl tks Hkh /ku gS] mls ,d&,d dherh jRu
esa ifjofkZr dj fy;k tk;sA pkjksa us ,slk gha fd;k vkSj l?ku ou esa
?kqlus ds igys mls fuxy fy;kA ,d Mkdw] tks lkns os'k esa ogk mifLFkr
Fkk] ;g lc ns[k jgk FkkA mlus fu'p; fd;k] D;ksa u buds lkFk ,d
lk/kkj.k eqlkfQj dh rjg lkFk gks ysa vkSj ekSdk feyrs gha jRu ysdj
pair gks tk;saA ,slk fopkj dj Mkdw ,d vke ukxfjd dh rjg pkjksa
fe=ksa ds ikl x;k vkSj mUgsa vfHkoknu djds muds xUrO; 3 ds ckjs esa
iwNkA fQj mlus cryk;k fd og Hkh mlh 'kgj esa O;kikj ds mn~ns'; ls
tk jgk gSA ;fn mudks dksbZ vkifk u gks rks og Hkh muds lkFk gks ysA
fe=ksa us lkspk] D;k cqjk gS] pkj ls Hkys ikpA fQj os ikpksa taxy dh
vksj izLFkku dj x;sA
dbZ fnu rd pyus ds ckn os taxy ikj djus ds djhc vk x;sA
ij ogk ,d vpaHkk4 gqvkA fitM+s esa cUn ,d rksrk mUgsa ns[kdj fpYykus
yxk] jRu] jRu] jRu-------A rksrs dh vkokt lqudj ikl dh >ksiM+h
ls ,d yqVsjk fudykA mlus ckgj vkdj bu yksxksa dks ns[kk vkSj fQj
dM+h vkokt esa dgk] tks dqN Hkh rqEgkjs ikl gS] QkSju fudky dj eq>s
ns nksA njvly og rksrk cM+k xq.kh Fkk vkSj nwj ls tkrs eqlkfQjksa dks
ns[kdj muds ikl ds /ku dk vkHkkl5 dj ysrk FkkA fQj vius ekfyd
dks viuh vkokt ls vkxkg6 dj nsrk FkkA bl rjg og Mkdw m/kj ls
67

xqtjus okys ;kf=;ksa dk /ku ywV ysrk FkkA Mkdw dks ikl vk;k ns[kdj
pkjksa fe=ksa us ,d Loj esa dgk] ge yksxksa ds ikl 'kjhj ij iM+s lk/kkj.k
oL=ksa ,oa [kkus&ihus ds lkeku ds flok vkSj dqN ugha gSaA ij esjk rksrk
rks vkt rd dHkh xyr ugha cksyk gSA vr% eSa rqe yksxksa dh ryk'kh
ywxkA ikpksa blds fy, lg"kZ rS;kj gks x;sA vkf[kj dksbZ vU; pkjk Hkh
rks ugha FkkA ij Mkdw dks muds ryk'kh ysus ds ckn Hkh dksbZ dherh nzO; 7
izkIr ugha gqvkA vr% mlus mUgsa tkus dh vuqefr ns nhA
ysfdu fQj og rksrk vkSj tksj&tksj ls 'kksj epkus yxk] buds
ikl jRu gS] buds ikl jRu gS--------A >ksiM+h esa tkrk yqVsjk okil ykSV
vk;kA esjk rksrk >wB ugha cksyrkA t#j rqekjs ikl cs'kdherh jRu gSA
vr% eSa rqe yksxksa dk ckjh&ckjh ls isV QkM+ dj bldh tkp d#xkA gk]
;fn jRu ugha feyk rks vU; dh tku ugha ywxkA pkjksa fe= ;g lqudj
Fkj&Fkj dkius yxsA vc rks tku tkuk fuf'pr FkkA b/kj muds lkFk
eqlkfQj os"k esa yxk Mkdw lkspus yxk] ;fn mu pkj fe=ksa esa ls fdlh
,d dk igys dRy fd;k tkrk gS rks vU; pkjksa dh Hkh tku tk;sxh
D;ksafd muds isV ls rks okLrfod #i ls fuxyk gqvk jRu fudysxkA fQj
og yqVsjk vkSj /ku ikus dh bPNk ls vU; dh Hkh tku ysxkA ;g nwljh
ckr gS fd tc mldh [kqn dh dRy dh tk;sxh rks mlesa ls dksbZ jRu
ugha feysxkA ysfdu ;fn lcls igys mldk dRy fd;k tkrk gS rks vU;
pkjksa dh tku cp tk;sxhA mldh tku rks gj gkyr esa gha tkuh gS] fQj
D;ksa u og viuh tku nsdj bu yksxksa dh tku cpk ysaA vktUe rks yksxksa
dks ywVrk gha jgk gS] D;ksa u vUr le; esa dqN Hkyk dke dj ysA
,slk lksp dj og yqVsjs ds lkeus loZizFke viuh tku nsus dks
rS;kj gks x;kA yqVsjs us mldh tku ys yh ij mlds isV esa ls dqN Hkh
u ikdj cgqr fujk'k gqvkA rksrs ij mls cgqr [kh>8 vkbZA mlus dVkj
ds nwljs okj ls rksrs dk [kkRek dj fn;k vkSj fQj pkjksa fe=ksa dks eqDr
dj fn;kA
68

'kgj tkdj pkjksa fe=ksa us cgqr /ku dek;kA ij vius ikpos fe= ds
vkRekslxZ9 dks os dHkh Hkwy u ik;sA ykSVrs oDr mUgksaus mlh LFkku ij Mkdw
dh ,d fo'kky izfrek cuokbZ vkSj viuh lPph Jkatfy10 nhA bl rjg
,d Mkdw vius cfynku dh cnkSyr yksxksa }kjk iwtk tkus yxkA

14710-

of.kdcfu;k
2- fc;kckulwuk
vpaHkkvtwck
5- vkHkkltkudkjh
nzO;lkeku
8- [kh>xqLlk
JkatfyJkiw.kZ Lej.k

3- xUrO;eafty
6- vkxkglpsr
9- vkRekslxZLo;a dk cfynku
69

70

cw<+s cki dh ijo+fj'k

,d dchys dk ljnkj ,d ;qod FkkA cM+k gh fujadq'k1A og vius
cw<+s firk dh gR;k djds dchys dk ljnkj cu cSBk FkkA mls cw<+ksa ls l[r
uQjr FkhA ,d fnu mldh uQjr bl gn rd c<+ xbZ fd mlus dchys ds
lHkh cw<k+ as dh gR;k djus dk gqDe ns fn;kA vf/kdka'k cw<s+ rks mldh fujad'q krk
,oa uQjr ls ijs'kku Fks gh] ,syku lqurs gh jkrks&jkr dchys dks NksM+dj
Hkkx [kM+s gq,A tks cps mudh ljnkj ds ;qok flikfg;ksa us pqu&pqu dj gR;k
dj nhA ijUrq dchys esa jkejru uked ,d ;qod ,slk Hkh Fkk tks u rks vius
firk ds dchys dks NksM+dj Hkkxus ij rS;kj Fkk u mudks ekjus ijA ftl
firk us ;qokoLFkk rd mldk ikyu&iks"k.k fd;k] mldh gR;k dj nh
tk;s] ;g ckr fdlh rjg mls Lohdkj ugha gks jgh FkhA
mlus vius cw<+s firk dks cpkus ds fy, ,d cM+k feV~Vh dk ik=
cuok;kA mlesa lkl ysus ds fy, vko';d NksVs lqjkd dk izcU/k fd;kA
fnu esa firk dks mlh esa fNik dj j[krk] Hkkstu&ikuh nsrk vkSj jkr esa
fudky dj lsok&'kqJw"kk djrkA ij mls ges'kk ;g Mj Hkh lrkrk jgrk Fkk
fd irk ugha fdl fnu ljnkj dks ;g ckr ekywe gks tk;s vkSj og bl tqeZ
esa lkjs ifjokj dh gR;k djok nsAa fdUrq mlus fu'p; fd;k fd pkgs ifj.kke
tks Hkh gks ij og vius firk dks [kqn ls tqnk ugha djsxkA ,d fnu ljnkj
us dchys dks og txg NksM+dj vU;= izLFkku dh vkKk nhA jkejru us vius
firk dks Hkh ik= ds lkFk lQj esa lkFk ys fy;kA
bl rjg dchyk pyrk&pyrk ,d ,sls LFkku ij igqp k tgk ikuh dk
nwj&nwj rd dksbZ ukeksfu'kku rd ugha FkkA lHkh ikuh ds fcuk O;kdqy gks x;sA
iwjs dchys esa =kfg&=kfg2 ep xbZA ljnkj us dbZ ;qodksa dks ikuh dh ryk'k esa
lHkh fn'kkvksa esa nkSMk+ ;k] ij dgha ls Hkh ikuh dk irk ugha yxkA gkj dj mlus
jkejru dks bl dk;Z esa yxk;kA ,sls Hkh jkejru mlds dchys dk lcls deZB
71

;qod FkkA ij jkejru dks Hkh bl fLFkfr ls mcjus dk dksbZ ik; ugha lw> jgk
FkkA vkf[kj dj ,dkUr esa tkdj mlus vius firk ds ?kM+s dk <Ddu mBk;k vkSj
muls lykg ekxhA firk us cryk;k fd tyiafN;ksa dks ftl fn'kk esa mM+rs tkrs
ns[kks] mlh fn'kk esa ikuh dh ryk'k djksA fQj D;k FkkA jkejru ty&iafN;ksa dk
ihNk djrs&djrs ikuh ds ljksoj ds ikl tk igqp kA ljnkj dks tc bldh lwpuk
feyh rks og [kq'kh ls ukp mBk vkSj jkejru dks mlus cgqr lkjh 'kkcklh nhA
blh rjg dbZ eghus ;gk&ogk pDdj dkVrs&dkVrs dchys dks ,d txg
Hkh"k.k vkSj yxkrkj ckfj'k dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA lkFk ds lHkh vfXu&lzkrs ;k
rks lekIr gks x;s Fks ;k cq> pqds FksA b/kj Ba<+ ls cqjk gky FkkA dchys ds dbZ ;qodksa
dks <w<a + dj vkx ykus dh vkKk nh xbZ] ij lHkh vlQyA vUr esa jkejru dh
ckjh vkbZA og fQj vius cw<s+ firk ds ikl lykg ds fy, igqp kA firk us lq>k;k]
vkx dh ryk'k esa dksbZ lqjf{kr ik= ysdj tkvksA vU;Fkk vfXu&lzkrs 3 fey tkus
ij Hkh mls bl vk/kh&rwQku ds ekSle esa ;gk rd lqyxrk ykus esa rqe lQy
ugha gks ldksxAs iq= us firk dh vkKk dk vuqlj.k4 fd;k vkSj vkx dks dchys
rd ykus esa lQyrk gkfly dhA ljnkj jkejru dh dkcfy;r vkSj deZBrk
dk vkSj dk;y5 gks x;kA
fnu xqtjrs tk jgs Fks vkSj dchyk ,d txg ls nwljh txg LFkkukUrfjr
gksrk tk jgk FkkA jkejru lkjh dfBukbZ;ksa ds ckotwn firk dks lkFk fy;s fQj
jgk FkkA ,d fnu dchys us ,d ikuh ds ljksoj ds utnhd iM+ko MkykA ljnkj
ml fnu izlUu&eqnkz esa FkkA ljksoj ds ikl og Vksyh lfgr 'kjkc ysdj cSB x;k
vkSj xIisa yM+kus yxkA vpkud mls ljksoj ds ty esa ,d ghjk pedrk gqvk
fn[kkbZ fn;kA [kq'kh ls og ikxy gks mBkA mlus vius ;qodksa dks ikuh esa Nykax
yxkus dh vkKk nh vkSj ghjs dks izkIr dj mls lkSia us dhA ij fdlh ds gkFk ghjk
ugha yxkA ikuh ds fLFkj gksus ij ghjk fQj mlh LFkku ij pedrk fn[kkbZ fn;kA
fQj ;qod dwn]s ikuh esa ryk'k fd;k ij ghjk unkjn6A bl rjg tc dbZ ckj
iz;kl djus ij Hkh ghjk gkFk ugha yxk rks mlus jkejru dks cqyok;k vkSj ghjk
izkIr djus dk vuqjks/k fd;kA jkejru fQj vkSjksa dh utj cpk dj fdlh cgkus
cw<s+ cki ds ikl igqp k vkSj mudh lykg ekxhA cw<s+ cki us ?kM+s ls xnZu fudky
72

dj ljksoj ds ty dk eqvk;uk7 fd;k vkSj dgk] ew[kZ! ghjk ljksoj ds ty

esa ugha] igkM+h ds Vhys ij gS tgk ls mldh ijNkbZ ty esa iM+ jgha gSA jkejru
fQj firk dh lh[k ds vuqlkj py dj ghjs dks gkfly djus esa lQy gqvkA
ljnkj cs'kdherh ghjs dks izkIr dj cgqr [kq'k gqvk vkSj jkejru dks eqg ekxh pht
migkj Lo:i nsus dks dgkA ij jkejru mlds pj.kksa ds ikl cSB x;k vkSj dgk]
ljnkj ;fn vki esjh tku c+D'k nsa rks eSa vkils dqN vt+8Z d:A ljnkj us dgk]
vkt rqe tks dgksxs ;k ekxksxs eSa uk ugha dgwx kA jkejru us fouhr Loj esa dgk]
Jheku~! vkt rd eSua s ftruh lQyrk;sa izkIr dh gS]a mldk Js; eq>s ugha cfYd
esjs cw<s+ firk dks tkrk gSA mUgha ds vuqHko vkSj lh[k ds vuqlkj eSua s og lc dqN
izkIr fd;k gS ftls dchys ds vU; ;qod ugha dj ldsA vr% vkt ds fnu ;fn
vki eq>s dqN nsuk gha pkgrs gSa rks dchys esa cw<k+ as dks jgus dh vkKk fQj ls cgky
dj nhft;sA ljnkj dks tc cw<k+ as dh bl [kwch dk irk pyk rks mls viuh Hkwy
dk vglkl9 gqvkA u tkus mlus fdrus ,sls vuqHkoh ,oa Kkuh cw<k+ as dk c+js geh10
ls gR;k djok fn;k FkkA mlus rRdky jkejru dks mlds cw<s+ firk dks mifLFkr
djus dk gqDe fn;kA cw<s+ firk ds vkrs gha ljnkj muds iSjksa ij fxj x;k vkSj
viuh xyrh ds fy, {kek;kpuk11 djus yxkA
bl rjg ,d ;qod us cqjs fnu esa vius cw<+s firk dh ijo+fj'k djds
,d HkVds gq, dchys ds ljnkj dks lgh jkLrs ij ykus esa lQyrk gkfly
dhA bl dgkuh dks i<+ dj eq>s vuk;kl fdlh 'kk;j dk dgk ,d 'ksj
;kn vk tkrk gS
,d cw<+k th jgk bl 'kgj esa ;k ;w dgks]
bl vU/ksjh dksBjh esa ,d jks'kunku12 gS A

14710-

fujadq'kvR;kpkjh
2- =kfg&=kfggkgkdkj 3vuqlj.kihNk djuk
5- dk;yiz'kald
6eqvk;ukfujh{k.k] tkp 8- vt+Zfourh
9c+sjgehwjrk 11- {kek ;kpukekQ+h ds fy, izkFkZuk 12-

vfXu&lzksrvkx dk lk/ku
unkjnxk;c
vglklekywe gksuk
jks'kunkuf[kM+dh
73

74

ckal qjhokyk
(;g dgkuh ml ckalqjhokys dh ugha gS] tks pwgksa dks ,d 'kgj
ls nwj Hkxkus ds cnys esa bZuke u ikdj 'kgj ds lHkh NksVs cPpksa dks
igkM+ dh ,d xqQk esa cUn dj nsrk gSA)
cgqr fnu igys voarhiqj jkT; esa #nz izrki uke ds ,d jktk jkt djrs
FksA jktk cM+h ohj vkSj lkglh FkkA ,d fnu mls laxhr lh[kus dh lw>hA mlus
,d ;ksX; xq# dks cqykdj fu;fer #i ls laxhr dk vH;kl 'kq# dj fn;kA
dqN gha eghus esa jktk ,d dq'ky laxhrK1 cu x;kA ij blds lkFk gha jktk dks
,d naEHk2 us vk ?ksjkA mlus vius xq# ls lxoZ dgk] egkReu~ D;k bl /kjrh
ij eq>ls cM+k Hkh dksbZ laxhrK gS \ xq: us 'kkar Loj esa dgk] oRl] fdlh dyk
dh dksbZ lhek ugha gksrh gSA O;fDr vius vH;kl vkSj n{krk ls bldh ubZ lhek;sa
jprk gSA vr% ,d dk nwljs ls D;k eqdkcykA ijUrq jktk esa rks vfHkeku tkx
pqdk FkkA mlus vkxzgiw.kZ dgk] ugha egkjkt] vkidks mldk uke rks crkuk gha
iM+xs kA f'k"; ds gB ds vkxs xq# dks vUr esa >qduk iM+kA mUgksua s dgk] jktu~]
;gk ls lkS ;kstu3 dh nwjh ij vejkorh uke dk ,d jkT; gSA ogk Hkkuq izrki
uke ds ,d jktk jkt djrs gSAa lquk gS laxhr vkSj xku esa os vR;ar dq'ky gSAa
:nz izrki bruk lqurs gha nwljs fnu fcuk fdlh dks crk;s Hkkuq izrki ls laxhr
esa eqdkcys ds fy, izLFkku dj fn;kA dqN fnuksa esa jktk #nz izrki vejkorh igqp
x;sA ogk tkdj mUgksua s Hkkuq izrki dks laxhr ;q dh pqukSrh nhA jktk Hkkuq izrki
us mls lg"kZ Lohdkj dj fy;kA igys jktk #nz izrki us laxhr lEcU/kh dqN iz'u
iwNAs jktk Hkkuq izrki us mlds lgh&lgh mkj fn;sA fQj laxhr&ok| ij laxhr
dh ygfj;ka xwt
us yxhA jktk #nz izrki tks Hkh lqj fudkyus] jktk Hkkuq izrki
mlls Hkh csgrj lqj fudky dj jktk #nz izrki dks ekr ns nsrAs tc jktk #nz
izrki us laxhr esa viuh gkj gksrs ns[kh rks xqLls ls yky&ccwys gks x;sA mUgksua s viuh
ryokj fudky yh vkSj jktk Hkkuq izrki dks }a}&;q ds fy, yydkjkA vUr esa
75

jktk Hkkuq izrki us 'kL=&;q esa Hkh jktk #nz izrki dks gjk fn;k vkSj fQj xqLr+k[kh
djus ds fy, mls dSn dj vius dkjkxkj4 esa Mky fn;kA
bl ?kVuk dks chrs eghuksa xqtj x;sA ,d fnu jktk Hkkuq izrki dh uhan
izkr% csyk esa ckaljq h dh ehBh /ofu ls [kqy xbZA jktk us vkl&ikl ns[kk] ij ogk
dksbZ ugha FkkA ckaljq h dk laxhr bruk lqjhyk ,oa eueksgd Fkk fd jktk viuh
'kS;k5 ls mB dj ml fn'kk esa py fn;s ft/kj ls laxhr dk Loj vk jgk FkkA
egy ls py dj jktk /khjs&/khjs pkjkxkg dh vksj c<+us yxkA ogk tkdj ns[krk
D;k gS fd ,d xM+fj;k ,d f'kyk&[k.M6 ij cSBdj vius HksMk+ as ds chp ckaljq h ctk
jgk gSA jktk Hkh ogha tehu ij cSB x;k vkSj ea=&eqX/k7 ckaljq h lquus yxkA jktk
dh rUnzk rc VwVh tc ckaljq hokyk viuh HksMk+ as dks ysdj vU;= tkus yxkA jktk
us vkxs c<+dj mldk vkHkkj izdV fd;k vkSj dgk] HkkbZ] ,slk ckljq h&oknu rks
eSua s vkt rd ugha lqukA
fQj jkst gha ;g ?kVuk ?kVus yxhA m"kk&dky esa jktk Hkkuq izrki dh
uhan ckalqjh ds e/kqj&Loj ls [kqy tkrh vkSj jktk ea=&eqX/k ls [khaps ml
ckalqjhokys ds ikl igqp tkrsA fQj ogk ?kaVksa cSBdj ckalqjh ds e/kqj&Loj
dk jlkLoknu8 djrs jgrsA bl rjg lIrkg vkSj eghus xqtj x;sA blh chp
jktk us ckalqjhokys dks dbZ ckj vewY; migkj nsuk pkgk] ij gj ckj
ckalqjhokys us mls lknj vLohdkj dj fn;kA ,d fnu ckalqjh ds [kRe gksrs
xM+fj;k us jktk ls dgk] jktu~! eSa vkils dqN ekxuk pkgrk gwA vki uk
rks ugha dgsxsaA jktk ds lg"kZ lgefr nsus ij ckalqjhokys us dgk] egkjkt!
eSa dy nwj ns'k dh vksj izLFkku dj jgk gwA eSa pkgrk gw lQj esa fdlh vkSj
dk lkFk gksA vr% vkids dkjkxkj esa ls ,d euilUn dSnh dks vius lkFk
ys tkuk pkgrk gwA jktk us [kq'kh iwoZd mldh ekx Lohdkj dj yhA
nwljs fnu ckalqjhokys us jktk Hkkuq izrki ds dkjkxkj tkdj #nz
izrki] tks ogk dSn Fks] dks vius gelQj9 ds fy, pqukA jktk Hkkuq izrki
us rks igys gha mls viuh Lohd`fr ns nh FkhA vxys fnu ckalqjhokyk ckalqjh
ctkrk gqvk jktk #nz izrki vkSj HksM+ksa ds lkFk vius xUrO; dh vksj py
76

fn;kA lglk ,d fnu jktk #nz izrki us ns[kk] ;g rks mudh viuh uxjh
voUrhiqj gSA ckalqjhokyk dgha ikl fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk FkkA jktk #nz izrki
dks ;g volj mi;qDr yxkA og ogk ls py dj >V vius jkt/kkuh igqp
x;kA eghuksa ckn jktk dks jkt/kkuh ykSVk ns[k iztk esa [kq'kh dh ygj nkSM+
vkbZA ea=h] lkeUr] lsukifr vkSj jkT;kf/kdkjh jktk dh vxqokbZ vkSj
eaxy dkeuk esa O;Lr gks x;sA lglk jktk dks viuh jkuh] lqykspuk dk
[;ky vk;kA mUgksaus ea=h ls bl lEcU/k esa iwNkA ea=h us lfou; dgk]
egkjkt vki ftl fnu ls jkT; ls ckgj x;s gSa] ml ds dqN fnu ckn ls
jkuh Hkh xk;c gSA jktk dk ikjk ,d ckj fQj lkrosa vkleku ij igqp
x;kA og fpYyk;k] ml csoQ+k10 dks QkSju esjs ikl gkftj fd;k tk;s vkSj
e`R;q&naM fn;k tk;sA nwljs fnu jkuh ckalqjhokys dh iks'kkd esa jktk ds
lkeus ureLrd naM ds fy, [kM+h FkhA jkuh dks ckalqjhokys dh os'k&Hkw"kk
esa ns[kdj jktk dk ks/k {k.k Hkj esa dkQwj11 gks x;kA og jkuh ds pj.kksa
esa fxj dj {kek&;kpuk djus yxkA fLFkfr dh iw.kZ tkudkjh gksus ij lcds
eu esa jkuh ds izfr d`rKrk12 ds Hkko FksA jktk ds eu ls Hkh mlh fnu ls
vfHkeku nwj Hkkx d;k vkSj dkykUrj esa os ,d ijkeh jktk fl gq,A
ekU;oj Jh t;'kadj izlkn th us fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa esa ukjh ds
mnkk pfj= dk D;k gha ltho fp=.k izLrqr fd;k gS
ukjh] rqe dsoy Jk gks fo'okl jtr ux ix ry esaA
fi;w " k13 lzksr lh cgk djks thou ds lqUnj lery esaA

135791113-

laxhrKlaxhr dk tkudkj
;kstupkj dksl dh nwjh
'kS;kfcNkou
ea=&eqX/kvk'p;Zpfdr
gelQjlkFk dk eqlkfQj
dkQwj[kRe gks tkuk] mM+ tkuk
fi;w"kve`r

2- naEHk?keaM] vfHkeku
4- dkjkxkjtsy
6- f'kyk&[kaMiRFkj dk VqdM+k
8- jlkLoknujl dk iku
10- cso+Qkd`r?u] /kks[ksckt
12- d`rKrkvglku
77

78

nwljk xM~<k fdlds fy,

,d xkao esa cki csVs dk ,d NksVk lk ifjokj jgrk FkkA cki cw<+k gks
pqdk Fkk vkSj csVk esgur&etnwjh djds nksuksa dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djrk FkkA
dke ls tks le; cprk] mlesa pkSdk] cklu] [kkuk cukuk ,oa firk dh
lsok&lqJw"kk djuk & csVs dh fnup;kZ esa 'kkfey FkkA ,d fnu cki us csVs
dks ikl cqykdj dgk] iq= vc rqe 'kknh dj yks] cgw vk;sxh rks rqEgkjs
lkFk esjh ,oa ?kj dh Hkh ns[kHkky djsxhA eq>ls rqEgkjk ;g fnu&jkr dk
dksYgw dk cSy cus jguk ns[kk ugha tkrk gSA firk ds ckj&ckj vkxzg djus
ij iq= us vUrr% 'kknh dj yhA iRuh tc ?kj vkbZ rks dqN fnu rks ,sls gh
chr x,A fQj iRuh us ns[kk] mldk ifr fnu&jkr dM+h fegur djrk gS vkSj
cki ysVk pkjikbZ rksM+rk jgrk gSA fQj ?kaVs nj ?kaVs ddZ'k1 vkokt esa dHkh
cgw ikuh ns tkvks] dHkh gqDdk rks dHkh rsy ekfy'k dj nks rks dHkh nok
fiyk nks & dh jV yxk;s jgrk gSA ij ls ;gka&ogka Fkwd&[k[kkj vkSj
dHkh&dHkh txg&cstxg iSjokuk&is'kkc Hkh dj nsrk gSA cgw cqjh rjg ijs'kkuA
bl cw<+s ls tku dSls NwVsA ikih ejrk Hkh rks ugha gSA yxrk gS dkSos dh thHk
[kkdj iSnk gqvk gSA ifr ls f'kdk;r djrh rks cspkjk dgrk] cki gSa] cw<+s
gks x;s gSaA ge ;fn ns[kHkky ugha djsaxs rks Hkyk dkSu djsxkA mUgksaus eka ds
ejus ds ckn eq> nq/keaqgs cPps dks fdruh ijs'kkfu;ksa dks >sydj ikyk&ikslkA
foekrk2 dh Mj ls nwljh 'kknh Hkh ugha dhA iRuh >qa>ykrh ij D;k djs
dksbZ ik; ugha lw> jgk FkkA
jkst ds dgk&lquh esa fnu chr jgs FksA bl chp mUgsa ,d iq=&jRu Hkh
izkIr gqvkA ij cgw dh [kh> fnuksafnu c<+rh tk jgh FkhA ikap&Ng lky gks
x;s vkSj cw<+s ds ejus ds dksbZ vklkj3 ugha fn[k jgs FksA vUrr% mlus fu'p;
fd;k fd vc ;k rks ?kj esa og jgsxh ;k og cw<+kA ml fnu ifr ds ?kj ykSVus
79

ij mlus vPNk vknj&lRdkj fd;kA lqLoknq Hkkstu djok;k] ia[kk >ykA

fQj lksus oDr I;kj ls iqpdkj dj dgk] vki eq>s fcYdqy I;kj ugha
djrsA eSa fnu&jkr ejrh&[kirh jgrh gwa vkSj vki dks dksbZ fpark gh ugha
gksrh gSA fQj bl cw<+s us vkBksa ?kM+h esjs ukd esa ne dj fn;k gSA irk ugha
eSa dc xys esa Qkalh dk Qank yxk ywaA ifr us I;kj ls nqykjrs gq, dgk]
;fn rqe ej tkvksxh rks fQj esjk o nhuw dk D;k gksxkA rqEgkjh [kq'kh ds
fy, eSa dqN Hkh djus dks rS;kj gwaA iRuh us xys esa xyckagh Mkyrs gq, dgk]
;fn ,slk gS rks bl cw<+s dks dgh NksM+ vkvksA vU;Fkk eSa vc bl ?kj esa ,d
iy Hkh ugha Bg:axhA ifr dks iRuh ds ftn ds lkeus >qduk iM+k ij mls
;g Mj lrk jgk Fkh fd yksx D;k dgsaxsA bl ij iRuh us lq>ko fn;k budks
nwj ds efUnj esa n'kZu djkus ds cgkus ys tkvks vkSj ogha futZu 4 LFkku ns[kdj
xM~<k [kksndj nQu dj nsukA csVs dks ;g ;qfDr vuqdwy yxh vkSj og nwljs
fnu bldks vatke nsus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;kA
nwljs fnu lqcg mBdj csVs us cki dks efUnj n'kZu djkus dk lq>ko
fn;kA cki [kq'kh&[kq'kh rS;kj gks x;kA c+ esa ,sls Hkh ikao yVds Fks] irk
ugha ij ls dc cqykok vk tk;sA vr% ejus ds igys efUnj gks vk;s rks
iq.; gksxkA [kqn py fQj rks gks ugha ikrk] 'kjhj v'kDr5 tks gks pqdk FkkA
cSyxkM+h dlh xbZ vkSj csVk cki ds lkFk dqnky ysdj pyus dks rS;kj gks
x;kA vc bls bZ'k bZPNk dgsa ;k cky gBA ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS nhuw dks muds
;kstuk dh Hkud yx xbZ gksA cSyxkM+h ds pyus ls igys og Hkh lkFk pyus
dh ftn~n djus yxkA eka&firk us yk[k le>k;k] MkaVk] feBkb;ksa ,oa
f[kykSuksa dk yksHk fn[kyk;k ij lc csdkj A ikap lky dk nhuw jks&jksdj
vkleku lj ij mBk;s FkkA vkf[kj iRuh us ifr ls dgk] vPNk th] bls
Hkh lkFk ysrs tkvks] NksVk cPpk gS D;k gksxkA vUrr% cki] csVs vkSj iksrs
ls Hkjh cSyxkM+h xUrO; dh vksj py iM+hA mi;qDr LFkku vkSj le; ns[kdj
csVs us cSyxkM+h jksdhA nhuw dks nknk ds lkFk cSyxkM+h esa NksM+dj uhps mrjk]
dqnky fy;k vkSj nwj tkdj ,d cM+k xM~<k [kksnus yxkA blh chp cSyxkM+h
ls mrjdj uUgk nhuw dc ogka igqap x;k] firk dks [kcj gh ugh gqbZ A firk
80

dks ilhus ls yFkiFk ns[kdj iq= us iwNk firkth ;g xM~<k fdl fy, [kksn
jgs gks\ dqN nsj rks firk Vkyrk jgk ij tc iq= ckj&ckj ogh ftn~n djus
yxk rks mlus crk;k fd pwafd mlds nknkth dkQh cw<+s vkSj v'kDr gks x;s
gSaA vr% ;g xM~<k og mUgsa mldh eka ds dgus ij nQ+u djus ds fy, [kksn
jgk gSA dqN nsj i'pkr~ firk Fkddj] dqnky ikl j[kdj lqLrkus yxkA
rnUrj ns[krk D;k gS fd uUgk nhuw ogh dqnky ysdj ikl esa ,d vkSj xM~<k
[kksn jgk gSA firk ds dkSrqgy dh lhek ugha jghA mlus ikl tkdj iq= ls
iwNk] csVk! ;g nwljk xM~<k fdl fy, [kksn jgs gks\ csVs us eklwfe;r ls
tokc fn;k] tc vki Hkh ,d fnu cw<+s vkSj v'kDr gks tk;saxs rks vkidks
Hkh nknkth dh rjg eq>s nQ+u djuk iM+sxk ukA bruk lquuk Fkk fd cki
dks viuh xyrh dk vglkl gvkA mlus iq= dks xys yxk fy;k vkSj mldk
eq[k pwers gq, dgk] csVk! vkt rwus eq>s ?kksj iki djus ls cpk fy;kA vc
nknkth dks ge vius lkFk ys pysaxs vkSj e`R;q&i;ZUr mudh lsok&lqJw"kk
djsaxsA rhuksa fQj ?kj ykSV vk;sA
iRuh us tc cw<+s llqj dks thfor ?kj ykSVrs ns[kk rks ty&Hkqu dj
jk[k gks xbZA ifr us lkjk okd~;k6 dg lquk;k ij og rks xkfy;ksa dh ckSNkj
ls ifr vkSj llqj dks dksls tk jgh FkhA ks/k esa vkdj mlus rRdky ?kj
R;kx fn;k vkSj ek;ds tk cSBhA ij NksVk nhuw cki vkSj nkns ds lkFk gh jgkA
le; chrus ij ml ik"kk.k&g`n;k7 dks le> vkbZ vkSj ,d fnu ekQh ekaxrs
gq, og ifr ?kj okil vk xbZA bl rjg ,d NksVs cPps us ?kj dks rckfg;ksa
ls cpk dj [kq'kh esa rCnhy dj fn;kA eq>s ;g dgkuh dgrs gq, fofy;e
oM~ZloFkZ dh og iafDr cjcl8 ;kn vk tkrh gS f'k'kq euq"; dk firk gS
(pkbYM bt fn Qknj vkWQ eSu)A

1357-

ddZ'k & dM+k] dBksj

vklkj & y{k.k
v'kDr & detksj
ik"kk.k&g`n;k & iRFkj fnyokyh

2468-

foekrk & lkSrsyh ekrk

futZu & lqulku
okd~;k & ?kVuk
cjcl & t+cju] cyiwoZd
81

vuqfedk
eka d
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dgkuh&'kh"kZ d
liwr
eugwl
vLohd`r migkj
R;kx dk izfrnku
tks ihM+ ijkbZ tkus
iqLrd izes
izse dh nhokuh
fdldh csVh
Lokeh HkfDr
ewfrZ iwtk
eSa lc tkfr dk gwa
rqe ftruh ckj Fkwdksxs
Qklh ds igys dljr
gksugkj fcjoku ds gksr fpdus ikr
ckyiu dh NwV
fujk'kk dk var
HkDr jSnkl ,oa ikjlef.k
[ksy ds izfr lPpk leiZ.k
,d nwljs dh enn
vkRefo'okl dk ifjp;
fe=rk
fo'okl dk tknw
eSa dgha cjluk uk Hkwy tk
o+Dr dk ikcUn
vfrfFk lRdkj
Mkdqvksa dk xko
jVks er] xquks
Mkdw dk xf.kr
cw<+s cki dh ijo+fj'k
ckaljq hokyk
nwljk xM~<k fdlds fy,

i` " B&la [ ;k
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dFkk dgkuh dh
cnulhc+ gS og O;fDr] ftlus ckyiu esa nknk&nknh] ukuk&ukuh vkSj
firk&ekrk ls dgkfu;ka u lquh gksA eSa vius dks [kq'kfdLer ekurk gwa fd
eSaus u dsoy Nd dj dgkfu;ksa dk Jo.k fd;k cfYd eq>s muds iBu,euu
,oa vUr%xZzg.k dh Hkh yxu yx xbZA fQj ;g :fp dqN ,slh jph&clh fd
ftUnxh dh fiz; 'kkSd cu xbZ vkSj vkt [kqn dFkkokpd cu dj vkids
lkeus izLrqr gwaA lp iwfN;s rks dgkfu;ka pqEcd dk dke djrh gSa] tgka
ykSg&d.k dh rjg Jksrk f[kaps pys vkrs gSaA fQj ;s ykSgd.k (Jksrk) [kqn
pqEcd (dFkkokpd) cu tkrs gSa vkSj vU; dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djus
yxrs gSaA bl rjg ;g ijEijk fujUrj vkxs c<+rh jgrh gSA
dgkuh dguk ,d Js"B ,oa 'yk?kuh; dyk gSA izkphu dky ls gh dFkk&dgkuh
LoLFk euksjt
a u dk ,d lLrk] ljy] lqxe vkSj lqyHk lk/ku jgh gSA blds lkFk
gh dgkfu;ka Kku&oZu ,oa lekt&lq/kkj dh Hkh l'kDr ek/;e jgh gSAa ;fn ,slk
dqN ugha gksrk rks lc vksj ls fujk'k] grk'k jktk ds ew<+ iq=ksa dks ^iaprU=* ds
ek/;e ls f'kf{kr cukus dh if.Mr fo".kq'kekZ dh ;kstuk dHkh lQy ugha gksrh
;k fQj ^vjsfc;u ukbZVl* ds }kjk ,d wj ckn'kkg dk g`n; ifjorZu dj lSdM+kas
csxuq kgksa dh gR;k jksdus dk dke Hkh ,d jktdqekjh }kjk lEHko ugha gks ikrkA
dgkfu;ksa dk ewy lzksr D;k gS \ blds ckjs esa izekf.kd :i ls dqN
Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrkA oLrqr% ;g ijEijk ;qx&;qxkUrjksa ls ih<+h nj ih<+h
ikik dg ,d
dgrh&lqurh gLrkarfjr gksrh jgh gSA esjh dgkuh&laxzg ^ikik
dgkuh
dgkuh* Hkh blh Ja`[kyk dh ,d dM+h gSA blesa bdrhl pqfuank dgkfu;ka
laxzfgr gSaA vf/kdka'k y?kq dFkk;sa gSa] ftuds }kjk lhih esa lkxj lesVus dh
dksf'k'k dh xbZ gSA egkiq:"kksa ds izsj.kknk;d thou izlax Hkh blesa ladfyr
gSa rkfd os gekjh vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa dk lgh ekxZn'kZu dj ldsaA Hkk"kk
83

fefJr gS & fgUnh] laLd`r o mnwZ dks lgt :i esa lesVs&latks;sA blds ihNs
,dek= vfHkizk; ;g gS fd cPpksa esa euksjatu ds lkFk&lkFk fgUnh dk
fodkl&foLrkj Hkh gks ldsA cPpksa dh lqfo/kk ds fy,] dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ
izR;sd dgkuh ds var esa fn;s x;s gSaA
esjk ;g fo'okl gS fd bl dgkuh laxzg ls cPps gh ugha] cfYd gj
mez ds ikBd ykHkkafor gksaxsA lHkh lzksrksa] lk/kuksa ,oa O;fDr;ksa dk eSa rgsfny
ls 'kqxqtkj gwa] ftUgksaus bl dgkuh laxzg dks okZeku :i nsus esa ;ksxnku
fn;k gSA vkfVZLV Jh ds- ';ke jko dk eSa fo'ks"k :i ls /kU;okn Kkiu djuk
pkgrk gw] ftUgksaus cM+h [kwclwjrh ls bu dgkfu;ksa dks js[kkfp=ksa esa lesVk
gSA vkids jpukRed lq>koksa dk eq>s c+slczh ls bartkj jgsxkA

fldUnjkckn]
1 twu 2006

84

nks 'kCn
eSaus MkW- 'kf'k }kjk fyf[kr dgkuh&laxzg ^ikik
ikik dg ,d dgkuh*
i<+hA cgqr lqUnj jpuk gSA xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus dk lkFkZd iz;klA dgkfu;ka
fdls ugha Hkkrh & f'k'kq] ;qod ;k o`_ L=h ;k iq#"k_ dkexkj ;k mPp
vf/kdkjh\ ftUnxh dh Hkkx&nkSM+ ls mRiUu 'kkjhfjd&ekufld ruko dks
nwj dj ubZ LQwfkZ ,oa rktxh dk lapkj djrh gSa& ;s dgkfu;kA egkiq#"kksa
ds izjs .kknk;d thou&izlxa izdk'k&LrEHk dh rjg lrr~ gekjk ekxZ&funs'Z ku
djrh gSaA fQj euksjatu ds lkFk&lkFk f'k{kk vkSj thou&ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk
gks rks D;k dguk&lksus esa lqgkxk!
eq>s vk'kk gha ugha iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd ;g dgkuh&laxzg lc mez ds
ikBdksa dks leku :i ls #fpdj yxsxhA eSa MkW- 'kf'k dks muds 'yk?kuh;
jpuk/kfeZrk ds fy, lk/kqokn nsrk gw vkSj bl iqLrd dh lQyrk dh dkeuk
djrk gwA

ubZ fnYyh,
6 twu 2006

(oh-lh- tSu)
ih-oh-,l-,e-] ,-oh-,l-,e-] oh-,l-,e- ,oa ckj
bZ-be-bZ- dksj ds egkfuns'kd
,oa ofj"B duZy dekUMsUV

85

viuh
,dek= iq=h
Lokfr dks
lLusg HksaV

& Mk- 'kf'k

86

ikik
dg
,d
dgkuh
Mk- 'kf'k Hkw"k.k fla g

,lksfl,fVM ifCyf'kax dEiuh

22] ekWMy cLrh] jkuh >kalh jksM
iks- ck- u- 2679] djksy ckx
ubZ fnYyh & 110005
87

izFke izdkf'kr % 2006

ISBN 81-85211-69-8

ewY; % #i;s 100

(ys[kd ,oa izdk'kd ds v/khu lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr)

izdk'kd %
,l- ds- nkk
,lksfl,fVM ifCyf'kax dEiuh
22] ekWMy cLrh] jkuh >kalh jksM
iks- ck- 2679] djksy ckx
ubZ fnYyh&110005

VkbZi lSfVax %
fnO;k dEI;wVj
djksy ckx] ubZ fnYyh&110005

vkoj.k fMtkbu ,oa js[kkfp= %

vkfVZLV ds- ';ke jko

eqnzd %
vkj- ds- vkWQlsV izkslsl~l
,e&51] uohu 'kkgnjk] fnYyh&110032
88

89