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    Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based On Life Cycle Cost Analysis

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    The document summarizes a research article that analyzes different HVAC system options for a 376-ton commercial building based on life cycle cost. It compares four options: 1) water-cooled screw chiller, 2) air-cooled screw chiller, 3) conventional split AC units, and 4) air-cooled VRF system. It evaluates each option's installed capacity, power consumption, operating costs, capital costs, and system life. Based on the comparative analysis, a water-cooled screw chiller system with a cooling tower is selected as having the lowest total operating and life cycle costs for the specific project requirements.

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    Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based On Life Cycle Cost Analysis

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    Pulak Mandal
    66 views4 pages
    The document summarizes a research article that analyzes different HVAC system options for a 376-ton commercial building based on life cycle cost. It compares four options: 1) water-cooled screw chiller, 2) air-cooled screw chiller, 3) conventional split AC units, and 4) air-cooled VRF system. It evaluates each option's installed capacity, power consumption, operating costs, capital costs, and system life. Based on the comparative analysis, a water-cooled screw chiller system with a cooling tower is selected as having the lowest total operating and life cycle costs for the specific project requirements.

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    The document summarizes a research article that analyzes different HVAC system options for a 376-ton commercial building based on life cycle cost. It compares four options: 1) water-cooled screw chiller, 2) air-cooled screw chiller, 3) conventional split AC units, and 4) air-cooled VRF system. It evaluates each option's installed capacity, power consumption, operating costs, capital costs, and system life. Based on the comparative analysis, a water-cooled screw chiller system with a cooling tower is selected as having the lowest total operating and life cycle costs for the specific project requirements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    66 views4 pages

    Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based On Life Cycle Cost Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Pulak Mandal
    The document summarizes a research article that analyzes different HVAC system options for a 376-ton commercial building based on life cycle cost. It compares four options: 1) water-cooled screw chiller, 2) air-cooled screw chiller, 3) conventional split AC units, and 4) air-cooled VRF system. It evaluates each option's installed capacity, power consumption, operating costs, capital costs, and system life. Based on the comparative analysis, a water-cooled screw chiller system with a cooling tower is selected as having the lowest total operating and life cycle costs for the specific project requirements.

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    You are on page 1of 4

    Jignesh M. Barot Int.

    Journal of Engineering Research and Applications


    ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 1), July 2014, pp.171-174

    RESEARCH ARTICLE

    www.ijera.com

    OPEN ACCESS

    Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost


    Analysis
    Jignesh M. Barot
    PG student, A. D. Patel Institute of Technology, New V. V. Nagar, Anand, Gujarat, India

    ABSTRACT
    A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental
    requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular
    geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary
    concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good
    indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to
    acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific
    design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily
    operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as
    a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum
    energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis.
    Keywords HVAC system, Life cycle cost analysis

    I. INTRODUCTION
    A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
    (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the
    environmental requirements of comfort or a process,
    in a specific building or portion of a building and in a
    particular geographic locale. Designers must
    understand a great deal beyond basic HVAC system
    design and the outdoor climate. They must also
    understand the process or the comfort requirements.
    In addition, designers must understand how the
    building is (or will be) constructed and whether that
    construction is suitable for the stipulated use of the
    space. It is also necessary to understand the use of the
    building and in most buildings the use of each part.
    How does this use affect occupancy, activity level,
    humidity, temperature, and ventilation requirements?
    Designers must have answers to these and many
    other questions before they can design a suitable
    HVAC system.
    Every HVAC design involves, as a first step, a
    problem-solving process, usually with the objective
    of determining the most appropriate type of HVAC
    system for a specific application. It is helpful to think
    of the problem-solving process as a series of logical
    steps, each of which must be performed in order to
    obtain the best results. Although there are various
    ways of defining the process, the following sequence
    has been found useful:
    1. Define the objective. What is the end result
    desired? For HVAC the objective usually is to
    provide an HVAC system which will control the
    environment within required parameters, at a
    life-cycle cost compatible with the need. Keep in
    www.ijera.com

    mind that the cost will relate to the needs of the


    process.
    More precise control of the environment almost
    always means greater cost.
    2. Define the problem. The problem, in this
    illustration, is to select the proper HVAC
    systems and equipment to meet the objectives.
    The problem must be clearly and completely
    defined so that the proposed solutions can be
    shown to solve the problem.
    3. Define alternative solutions. Brainstorming is
    useful here. There are always several different
    ways to solve any problem. If remodelling or
    renovation is involved, one alternative is to do
    nothing.
    4. Evaluate the alternatives. Each alternative must
    be evaluated for effectiveness and cost. Note that
    doing nothing always has a cost equal to the
    opportunity, or energy, or efficiency lost by
    not doing something else.
    5. Select an alternative. Many factors enter into the
    selection process-effectiveness, cost, availability,
    practicality, and others. There are intangible
    factors, too, such as an owners desire for a
    particular type of equipment.
    6. Check. Does the selected alternative really solve
    the problem?
    7. Implement the selected alternative. Design,
    construct, and operate the system.
    8. Evaluate. Have the problems been solved? The
    objectives met? What improvements might be
    made in the next design?

    171 | P a g e

    Jignesh M. Barot Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications


    ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 1), July 2014, pp.171-174

    www.ijera.com

    II. COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES


    Parameter

    Unit

    Option I

    Option II

    Option III

    Option IV

    Water
    Cooled
    Screw
    Chiller

    Air Cooled
    Screw
    Chiller

    All DX
    Conventional
    Split Ac
    Units

    Air
    Cooled
    VRF
    System

    TR
    TR

    376
    376

    376
    376

    376
    414

    376
    414

    TR

    301

    320

    414

    338

    KW
    KW

    226
    48

    336
    48

    538
    0

    423
    0

    KW

    75

    75

    KW
    KWH

    349
    326

    459
    425

    538
    484

    423
    381

    KWH
    KWH / Day

    326
    3915

    425
    5103

    484
    5807

    381
    4568

    KWH / Year

    1071698

    1396854

    1589651

    1250600

    Rs. L / Yr

    64

    84

    95

    75

    Rs. L / Yr

    8.5

    9.4

    7.2

    8.3

    Rs. L / Yr

    4.9

    0.0

    0.0

    0.0

    Rs. L / Yr
    Rs. L

    77.7
    252

    93.2
    244.4

    103
    139

    83.3
    248

    Years

    18 -20
    years
    Chilled
    Water Plant
    Room At
    Utility
    Room In
    Basement ,
    Cooling
    Tower At
    Roof Level
    Or In Open
    Yard
    Very Good

    15 Years

    10 Years

    12 Years

    Chiller At
    Roof With
    CHW
    Pump
    Room

    Required To
    Locate Some
    150
    Condensing
    Unit
    Of
    Conventional
    Split
    Ac
    Units Within
    7.5
    mtr
    Distance Of
    The IDU
    Partial

    All VRF
    ODU Can
    Be Placed
    On
    The
    Roof
    /
    Ground /
    Chhajja

    System Brief

    Non Diversified Cooling Load


    Total Installed Non Diversified
    Capacity ( Low Side )
    Diversified Installed Capacity
    High Side @ 80% Diversity
    ( Chiller/VRF ODU/DX ODU)
    System Connected Load Chiller
    System Connected Load - Plant
    Room Equipment Excluding
    Chiller
    System Connected Low Side
    AHU
    Total Connected Load
    Operating Load ( At 90%
    Loading )
    Power Consumption ( Per Hr )
    Power Consumption ( Full Load
    12 Hrs )
    Power Consumption ( Per Year
    @ 75% Usage Time )
    Power Consumption Rs. / Year (
    @ 6rs./Unit )
    Operating And Maintanance Cost
    Rs./ Year
    Make Up Water Cost Rs./ Years (
    @ 5 Paisa / ltr )
    Total Operating Cost Rs./ Years
    Capital Cost Of HVAC System
    Installation
    System Life
    Space Requirement

    Redundancy

    Very Good

    Partial

    Comparison of alternatives based on operating cost and life cycle cost

    www.ijera.com

    172 | P a g e

    Jignesh M. Barot Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications


    ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 1), July 2014, pp.171-174
    Total Non
    Diversified
    Cooling Load
    Total
    Diversified
    Cooling Load
    For Chiller
    Selection @
    80% Diversity
    Chiller
    Selection = 150
    Tr X 03 Nos. (
    2W+1
    Standby)
    HVAC Power
    Demand - Plant
    Room
    Plant

    TR
    /USgpm

    Head
    Mt.

    BKW

    Motor
    KW

    www.ijera.com

    376

    TR

    301

    TR

    300

    TR

    Operation

    Emergency KW

    Qty
    Working

    SB

    KW

    112.5

    225

    Water Cooled
    Screw Chiller

    150

    Pr. CHW Pump

    360

    10

    2.8

    3.5

    Sec. CHW
    Pump On VFD

    501

    15

    5.8

    6.5

    13

    Cooling Water
    Pump

    600

    15

    7.0

    7.5

    15

    10

    C. Tower - CTI
    Approved

    Plant Room
    Ventilation
    CHW Plant
    Room

    Suitable For 28.5 Deg


    WBT/880 US gpm Flow /
    150 TR Chiller / 32 Deg
    C Out Let / 36 Deg C
    Inlet Temp.

    KW

    273

    HVAC plant room equipments

    www.ijera.com

    173 | P a g e

    Jignesh M. Barot Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications


    ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 1), July 2014, pp.171-174
    Notes and assumptions for comparison of
    alternatives
    Electrical unit rate @ RS. 6 per kwhr
    Chiller operating power consumption is
    calculated based on the input McQuay
    Power consumption is assumed with 90%
    compressor loading
    Cost of operating @ RS. 500 / TR is
    considered in operating head
    Calculation for water cooled screw chiller
    - Total TR: 376 TR
    - Non diversified cooling load: 376 TR
    - Assume 80% diversity due to commercial
    building, therefore
    Diversified TR = 376 X 0.8 = 301 TR
    - System connected load chiller = 301 X 0.75 =
    226 KW (0.75 KW/TR: Power consumption in
    KW)
    - System connected load chiller (Plant room
    equipment excluding chiller) = 48 KW
    - System connected low side AHU = 376 X 0.2
    = 75 KW
    - Total connected load = 226 + 48 + 75 = 349
    KW
    - Operating load = 349 X 0.9 = 326 KWH
    - Power consumption ( Per hour) = 326 KWH
    - Power consumption ( Full load 12 hrs) = 326
    X 12 = 3915 KWH/Day
    - Power consumption ( Per year @ 75% usage
    time) = 365 X 3915 X 0.75 = 1071698 KWH
    /yr
    - Power consumption Rs. /year (@ 6 RS. /unit)
    = (6 X 1071698) / 100000 = 63 Rs. L /yr
    - Operating and maintenance cost RS. / year =
    (2250 X 64) / 100000 = 8.5 Rs. L /yr
    - Make-up water cost Rs./yrs (@ 5 Paisa/ltr) =
    (301 X 12 X 10 X 365 X 0.75 X 0.05) /
    100000 = 4.9 Rs. L /yr

    www.ijera.com

    www.ijera.com

    Total operating cost Rs. / yr = 64 + 8.5 + 4.9 =


    77.7 Rs. L /yr
    Capital cost of HVAC system installation =
    376 X 0.67 = 252 Rs. L

    III. CONCLUSION
    Based on comparative analysis of alternatives
    with operating cost and life cycle cost, a chilled
    water
    system (water cooled screw chiller) with counter
    flow induced draught cooling tower is selected for
    a particular project of 376 TR.

    RERERANCES
    [1]
    [2]
    [3]
    [4]

    MaQuay chiller product catalogue


    www.stcpl.com
    ASHRAE Hanbook 2012
    ISHRAE Handbook - HVAC applications

    174 | P a g e

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