1

IN THE LIGHT OF SURH AL-NISA

Creation of Mankind

O mankind! Be dutiful to your Lord, Who created

you from a single person (Adam), and from him (Adam) He
created his wife [Hawwa (Eve)], and from them both He
created many men and women and fear Allâh through
Whom you demand your mutual (rights), and (do not cut
the relations of) the wombs (kinship)[]. Surely, Allâh is
Ever an All Watcher over you {1}.

Taking Care of Orphan’ Assets

And give unto orphans their property and do not
exchange (your) bad things for (their) good ones; and
devour not their substance (by adding it) to your substance.
Surely, this is a great sin {2}. And if you fear that you shall
not be able to deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry
(other) women of your choice, two or three, or four but if
you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with
them), then only one or (the captives and the slaves) that
your right hands possess. That is nearer to prevent you
from doing injustice {3}.
And give not unto the foolish your property which
Allâh has made a means of support for you, but feed and
clothe them therewith, and speak to them words of
kindness and justice {5}.
And try orphans (as regards their intelligence) until
they reach the age of marriage; if then you find sound
judgment in them, release their property to them, but
consume it not wastefully, and hastily fearing that they
should grow up, and whoever amongst guardians is rich, he
should take no wages, but if he is poor, let him have for
himself what is just and reasonable (according to his work).
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And when you release their property to them, take witness
in their presence; and Allâh is All Sufficient in taking
account {6}.

Inheritance and its Distribution

There is a share for men and a share for women
from what is left by parents and those nearest related,
whether, the property be small or large - a legal share{7}.
And when the relatives and the orphans and Al-
Masâkin (the poor) are present at the time of division, give
them out of the property, and speak to them words of
kindness and justice{8}.
And let those (executors and guardians) have the
same fear in their minds as they would have for their own,
if they had left weak offspring behind. So let them fear
Allâh and speak right words {9}.
Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of
orphans, they eat up only a fire into their bellies, and they
will be burnt in the blazing Fire! {10}.

Shares of Parents and Children

Allâh commands you as regards your children's
(inheritance); to the male, a portion equal to that of two
females; if (there are) only daughters, two or more, their
share is two thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share
is half. For parents, a sixth share of inheritance to each if
the deceased left children; if no children, and the parents
are the (only) heirs, the mother has a third; if the deceased
left brothers or (sisters), the mother has a sixth. (The
distribution in all cases is) after the payment of legacies he
may have bequeathed or debts. You know not which of
them, whether your parents or your children, are nearest to
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you in benefit, (these fixed shares) are ordained by Allâh.
And Allâh is Ever All Knower, All Wise {11}.

Share in Property of Husband or Wives

In that which your wives leave, your share is a half if
they have no child; but if they leave a child, you get a
fourth of that which they leave after payment of legacies
that they may have bequeathed or debts. In that which you
leave, their (your wives) share is a fourth if you leave no
child; but if you leave a child, they get an eighth of that
which you leave after payment of legacies that you may
have bequeathed or debts.

Inheritance of Child-Less Parents

If the man or woman whose inheritance is in
question has left neither ascendants nor descendants, but
has left a brother or a sister, each one of the two gets a
sixth; but if more than two, they share in a third; after
payment of lagacies he (or she) may have bequeathed or
debts, so that no loss is caused (to anyone). This is a
Commandment from Allâh; and Allâh is Ever AllKnowing,
MostForbearing{12}.

Detail about Children Inheritance

They ask you for a legal verdict. Say: "Allâh directs
(thus) about AlKalâlah (those who leave neither
descendants nor ascendants as heirs). If it is a man that
dies, leaving a sister, but no child, she shall have half the
inheritance. If (such a deceased was) a woman, who left no
child, her brother takes her inheritance. If there are two
sisters, they shall have two-thirds of the inheritance; if
there are brothers and sisters, the male will have twice the
share of the female. (Thus) does Allâh makes clear to you
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(His Law) lest you go astray. And Allâh is the All-Knower
of everything."{176}.

Shares for the Adopted Ones

And to everyone, We have appointed heirs of that
(property) left by parents and relatives. To those also with
whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood), give them
their due portion (by Wasiya wills, etc.). Truly, Allâh is
Ever a Witness over all things. {33}.

Note: Surah-e-Ahzab Clearly Defines that there is no part

of assets for adopted members of the family. Thus only
blood-relatives ate to be given a share. However, if one may
desire he/she may award a part of his/her asset at their own
free will.

Rewards
These are the limits (set by) Allâh (or ordainments
as regards laws of inheritance), and whosoever obeys Allâh
and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW) will be admitted to
Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), to abide
therein, and that will be the great success{13}.

Warning
And whosoever disobeys Allâh and His Messenger
(Muhammad SAW), and transgresses His limits, He will
cast him into the Fire, to abide therein; and he shall have a
disgraceful torment{14}.

Laws on Immoral Behavior of Me and Women

And those of your women who commit illegal sexual
intercourse, take the evidence of four witnesses from
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amongst you against them; and if they testify, confine them
(i.e. women) to houses until death comes to them or Allâh
ordains for them some (other) way.[]{15}. And the two
persons (man and woman) among you who commit illegal
sexual intercourse, punish them both.[] And if they repent
(promise Allâh that they will never repeat, i.e. commit
illegal sexual intercourse and other similar sins) and do
righteous good deeds, leave them alone. Surely, Allâh is
Ever the One Who accepts repentance, (and He is) Most
Merciful{16}.

Note: This was the earliest rule. But in soora nur V.2 and 3,
last rule is:

The woman and the man guilty of illegal sexual

intercourse, flog each of them with a hundred stripes. Let
not pity withhold you in their case, in a punishment
prescribed by Allâh, if you believe in Allâh and the Last
Day. And let a party of the believers witness their
punishment. (This punishment is for unmarried persons
guilty of the above crime but if married persons commit it,
the punishment is to stone them to death, according to
Allâh's Law)[]{2}.
The adulterer marries not but an adulteress or a
Mushrikah and the adulteress none marries her except an
adulterer or a Muskrik [and that means that the man who
agrees to marry (have a sexual relation with) a Mushrikah
(female polytheist, pagan or idolatress) or a prostitute, then
surely he is either an adulterer, or a Mushrik (polytheist,
pagan or idolater, etc.) And the woman who agrees to
marry (have a sexual relation with) a Mushrik (polytheist,
pagan or idolater) or an adulterer, then she is either a
prostitute or a Mushrikah (female polytheist, pagan, or
idolatress, etc.)]. Such a thing is forbidden to the believers
(of Islâmic Monotheism){3}.
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Confession
Allâh accepts only the repentance of those who do
evil in ignorance and foolishness and repent soon
afterwards; it is they to whom Allâh will forgive and Allâh
is Ever AllKnower, AllWise{17}. And of no effect is the
repentance of those who continue to do evil deeds until
death faces one of them and he says: "Now I repent;" nor
of those who die while they are disbelievers. For them We
have prepared a painful torment{18}.

Dower
And give to the women (whom you marry) their
Mahr (obligatory bridal money given by the husband to his
wife at the time of marriage) with a good heart, but if they,
of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it to you, take
it, and enjoy it without fear of any harm (as Allâh has made
it lawful){4}.
O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit
women against their will, and you should not treat them
with harshness, that you may take away part of the Mahr[]
you have given them, unless they commit open illegal sexual
intercourse. And live with them honourably. If you dislike
them, it may be that you dislike a thing and Allâh brings
through it a great deal of good{19}.
But if you intend to replace a wife by another and
you have given one of them a Cantar (of gold i.e. a great
amount) as Mahr, take not the least bit of it back; would
you take it wrongfully without a right and (with) a manifest
sin?{20}. And how could you take it (back) while you have
gone in unto each other, and they have taken from you a
firm and strong covenant?{21}.

Relatives with whom Marriage is prohibited

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And marry not women whom your fathers married,

except what has already passed; indeed it was shameful and
most hateful, and an evil way{22}.
Forbidden to you (for marriage) are: your mothers,
your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your
mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's
daughters, your foster mother who gave you suck, your
foster milk suckling sisters, your wives' mothers, your step
daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to
whom you have gone in - but there is no sin on you if you
have not gone in them (to marry their daughters), - the
wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins, and
two sisters in wedlock at the same time, except for what has
already passed; verily, Allâh is OftForgiving, Most
Merciful{23}.
Also (forbidden are) women already married,
except those (captives and slaves) whom your right hands
possess. Thus has Allâh ordained for you. All others are
lawful, provided you seek (them in marriage) with Mahr
(bridal money given by the husband to his wife at the time
of marriage) from your property, desiring chastity, not
committing illegal sexual intercourse, so with those of
whom you have enjoyed sexual relations, give them their
Mahr as prescribed; but if after a Mahr is prescribed, you
agree mutually (to give more), there is no sin on
you. Surely, Allâh is Ever AllKnowing, AllWise{24}.

If you Can’t Resist

And whoever of you have not the means wherewith
to wed free, believing women, they may wed believing girls
from among those (captives and slaves) whom your right
hands possess, and Allâh has full knowledge about your
Faith, you are one from another. Wed them with the
permission of their own folk (guardians, Auliyâ' or
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masters) and give them their Mahr according to what is
reasonable; they (the above said captive and slave-girls)
should be chaste, not adulterous, nor taking boy-
friends. And after they have been taken in wedlock, if they
commit illegal sexual intercourse, their punishment is half
that for free (unmarried) women.[] This is for him among
you who is afraid of being harmed in his religion or in his
body; but it is better for you that you practise selfrestraint,
and Allâh is OftForgiving, Most Merciful{25}.

Be Aware of the Difficulties (Looses)

Allâh wishes to make clear (what is lawful and what
is unlawful) to you, and to show you the ways of those
before you, and accept your repentance, and Allâh is All-
Knower, AllWise{26}. Allâh wishes to accept your
repentance, but those who follow their lusts, wish that you
(believers) should deviate tremendously away from the
Right Path{27}. Allâh wishes to lighten (the burden) for
you; and man was created weak (cannot be patient to leave
sexual intercourse with woman){28}.

Taking Care of Other People’s Life and Property

O you who believe! Eat not up your property
among yourselves unjustly except it be a trade amongst
you, by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves (nor kill
one another). Surely, Allâh is Most Merciful to you.[]{29}.
And whoever commits that through aggression and
injustice, We shall cast him into the Fire, and that is easy
for Allâh{30}.
If you avoid the great sins[] which you are
forbidden to do, We shall remit from you your (small) sins,
and admit you to a Noble Entrance (i.e. Paradise){31}.
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And wish not for the things in which Allâh has
made some of you to excel others. For men there is reward
for what they have earned, (and likewise) for women there
is reward for what they have earned, and ask Allâh of His
Bounty. Surely, Allâh is Ever AllKnower of everything{32}.

Men as Care-Takers
Men are the protectors and maintainers of women,
because Allâh has made one of them to excel the other, and
because they spend (to support them) from their
means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly
obedient (to Allâh and to their husbands), and guard in the
husband's absence what Allâh orders them to guard
(e.g. their chastity, their husband's property, etc.). As to
those women on whose part you see illconduct, admonish
them (first), (next), refuse to share their beds, (and last)
beat them (lightly, if it is useful), but if they return to
obedience, seek not against them means (of
annoyance). Surely, Allâh is Ever Most High, Most
Great{34}.

Reconciliation
If you fear a breach between them twain (the man
and his wife), appoint (two) arbitrators, one from his family
and the other from her's; if they both wish for peace, Allâh
will cause their reconciliation. Indeed Allâh is Ever All-
Knower, WellAcquainted with all things{35}.

Human Rights
Worship Allâh and join none with Him in worship,
and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, Al-Masâkin (the
poor), the neighbour who is near of kin, the neighbour who
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is a stranger, the companion by your side, the wayfarer
(you meet), and those (slaves) whom your right hands
possess. Verily, Allâh does not like such as are proud and
boastful;{36}.

Result of Disobedience
On that day those who disbelieved and disobeyed
the Messenger (Muhammad SAW) will wish that they were
buried in the earth, but they will never be able to hide a
single fact from Allâh.[]{42}.

For miserly and Lavish Spending

Those who are miserly and enjoin miserliness on
other men and hide what Allâh has bestowed upon them of
His Bounties. And We have prepared for the disbelievers a
disgraceful torment.[]{37}. And (also) those who spend of
their substance to be seen of men, and believe not in Allâh
and the Last Day [they are the friends of Shaitân (Satan)],
and whoever takes Shaitân (Satan) as an intimate; then
what a dreadful intimate he has!{38}.
And what loss have they if they had believed in
Allâh and in the Last Day, and they spend out of what
Allâh has given them for sustenance? And Allâh is Ever
AllKnower of them{39}. Surely! Allâh wrongs not even of
the weight of an atom (or a small ant)[], but if there is any
good (done), He doubles it, and gives from Him a great
reward{40}.

Rules for Prayers

O you who believe! Approach not AsSalât (the
prayer) when you are in a drunken state until you know
(the meaning) of what you utter, nor when you are in a
state of Janâba, (i.e. in a state of sexual impurity and have
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not yet taken a bath) except when travelling on the road
(without enough water, or just passing through a mosque),
till you wash your whole body. And if you are ill, or on a
journey, or one of you comes after answering the call of
nature, or you have been in contact with women (by sexual
relations) and you find no water, perform Tayammum with
clean earth and rub therewith your faces and hands
(Tayammum)[]. Truly, Allâh is Ever OftPardoning, Oft-
Forgiving{43}.

Note: the Intoxicants become unlawful in soora Al-Maida

V. 90-92

O you who believe! Intoxicants (all kinds of

alcoholic drinks), gambling, AlAnsâb[], and AlAzlâm
(arrows for seeking luck or decision) are an abomination of
Shaitân's (Satan) handiwork. So avoid (strictly all) that
(abomination) in order that you may be successful[]. {90}.
Shaitân (Satan) wants only to excite enmity and
hatred between you with intoxicants (alcoholic drinks) and
gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allâh
and from As-Salât (the prayer). So, will you not then
abstain?{91}.
And obey Allâh and the Messenger (Muhammad
SAW), and beware (of even coming near to drinking or
gambling or AlAnsâb, or AlAzlâm, etc.) and fear
Allâh. Then if you turn away, you should know that it is
Our Messenger's duty to convey (the Message) in the
clearest way{92}.

Trust
Verily! Allâh commands that you should render
back the trusts to those, to whom they are due; and that
when you judge between men, you judge with
justice. Verily, how excellent is the teaching which He
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(Allâh) gives you! Truly, Allâh is Ever AllHearer, All-
Seer{58}.

Defining Good and Evil

Whatever of good reaches you, is from Allâh, but
whatever of evil befalls you, is from yourself. And We have
sent you (O Muhammad SAW) as a Messenger to mankind,
and Allâh is Sufficient as a Witness.[]{79}.

War
Then fight (O Muhammad SAW) in the Cause of
Allâh, you are not tasked (held responsible) except for
yourself, and incite the believers (to fight along with you), it
may be that Allâh will restrain the evil might of the
disbelievers. And Allâh is Stronger in Might and Stronger
in punishing. {84}.

Murder of A Muslim (Unintentionally)

It is not for a believer to kill a believer except (that it
be) by mistake, and whosoever kills a believer by mistake,
(it is ordained that) he must set free a believing slave and a
compensation (blood money, i.e Diya) be given to the
deceased's family, unless they remit it. If the deceased
belonged to a people at war with you and he was a believer;
the freeing of a believing slave (is prescribed), and if he
belonged to a people with whom you have a treaty of
mutual alliance, compensation (blood money - Diya) must
be paid to his family, and a believing slave must be
freed. And whoso finds this (the penance of freeing a slave)
beyond his means, he must fast for two consecutive months
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in order to seek repentance from Allâh. And Allâh is Ever
AllKnowing, AllWise{92}.

Murder of Muslim (Intentionally)

And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his
recompense is Hell to abide therein, and the Wrath and the
Curse of Allâh are upon him, and a great punishment is
prepared for him.[]{93}.

Migration
Verily! As for those whom the angels take (in death)
while they are wronging themselves (as they stayed among
the disbelievers even though emigration was obligatory for
them), they (angels) say (to them): "In what (condition)
were you?" They reply: "We were weak and oppressed on
earth." They (angels) say: "Was not the earth of Allâh
spacious enough for you to emigrate therein?" Such men
will find their abode in Hell - What an evil
destination![]{97}. Except the weak ones among men,
women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are they
able to direct their way{98}. For these there is hope that
Allâh will forgive them, and Allâh is Ever Oft Pardoning,
Oft-Forgiving{99}.
He who emigrates (from his home) in the Cause of
Allâh, will find on earth many dwelling places and plenty to
live by. And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant
unto Allâh and His Messenger, and death overtakes him,
his reward is then surely incumbent upon Allâh. And Allâh
is Ever OftForgiving, Most Merciful{100}.
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Don’t blame your Sins onto Others
And whoever earns a fault or a sin and then throws
it on to someone innocent, he has indeed burdened himself
with falsehood and a manifest sin. {112}.

Forgiveness
Verily! Allâh forgives not (the sin of) setting up
partners in worship with Him, but He forgives whom he
pleases sins other than that, and whoever sets up partners
in worship with Allâh, has indeed strayed far away{116}.

Satan Said to Allah Almighty

They (all those who worship others than Allâh)
invoke nothing but female deities besides Him (Allâh), and
they invoke nothing but Shaitân (Satan), a persistent
rebel!{117}.Allâh cursed him. And he [Shaitân (Satan)]
said: "I will take an appointed portion of your slaves;{118}.
Verily, I will mislead them, and surely, I will arouse in
them false desires; and certainly, I will order them to slit
the ears of cattle, and indeed I will order them to change
the nature created by Allâh." And whoever takes Shaitân
(Satan) as a Walî (protector or helper) instead of Allâh, has
surely suffered a manifest loss.[]{119}. He [Shaitan (Satan)]
makes promises to them, and arouses in them false desires;
and Shaitan's (Satan) promises are nothing but
deceptions{120}. The dwelling of such (people) is Hell, and
they will find no way of escape from it. {121}.

Settlement of a Matrimonial Dispute is Better

And if a woman fears cruelty or desertion on her
husband's part, there is no sin on them both if they make
terms of peace between themselves; and making peace is
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better. And human inner-selves are swayed by greed. But if
you do good and keep away from evil, verily, Allâh is Ever
WellAcquainted with what you do{128}.

Justice and Fair-Play Between Wives

You will never be able to do perfect justice between
wives even if it is your ardent desire, so do not incline too
much to one of them (by giving her more of your time and
provision) so as to leave the other hanging (i.e. neither
divorced nor married). And if you do justice, and do all
that is right and fear Allâh by keeping away from all that is
wrong, then Allâh is Ever OftForgiving, Most
Merciful{129}.

Rules on Separation
But if they separate (by divorce), Allâh will provide
abundance for everyone of them from His Bounty. And
Allâh is Ever AllSufficient for His creatures' need, All-
Wise{130}.

Provide True Evidence

O you who believe! Stand out firmly for justice, as
witnesses to Allâh, even though it be against yourselves, or
your parents, or your kin, be he rich or poor, Allâh is a
Better Protector to both (than you). So follow not the lusts
(of your hearts), lest you may avoid justice, and if you
distort your witness or refuse to give it, verily, Allâh is Ever
WellAcquainted with what you do.[]{135}.

Don’t Sit with Unbelievers

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And it has already been revealed to you in the Book
(this Qur'ân) that when you hear the Verses of Allâh being
denied and mocked at, then sit not with them, until they
engage in a talk other than that; (but if you stayed with
them) certainly in that case you would be like them. Surely,
Allâh will collect the hypocrites and disbelievers all
together in Hell,{140}.

Don’t Make Friends Unbelievers

Verily, the hyprocrites will be in the lowest depths

(grade) of the Fire; no helper will you find for them.[]{145}.

Reveal Injustice in Public Don’t

Whether you (mankind) disclose (by good words of
thanks) a good deed (done to you in the form of a favour by
someone), or conceal it, or pardon an evil, … verily, Allâh
is Ever OftPardoning, AllPowerful{149}.