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    Phonemes, Allophones: Eka Novita, S.Pd.,M.A

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    Fiky Amirah Dhiya'
    This document discusses phonemes and allophones. It defines a phoneme as the smallest contrastive sound unit in a language, while an allophone is a phonetic variant of a phoneme that is conditioned by phonological rules. Minimal pairs are used to determine if two sounds are phonemes or allophones - if changing one sound creates a different word, then the sounds are separate phonemes rather than allophones of the same phoneme. Examples of phonemes, allophones, and minimal pairs are provided to illustrate these linguistic concepts.

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    Phonemes, Allophones: Eka Novita, S.Pd.,M.A

    Uploaded by

    Fiky Amirah Dhiya'
    322 views14 pages
    This document discusses phonemes and allophones. It defines a phoneme as the smallest contrastive sound unit in a language, while an allophone is a phonetic variant of a phoneme that is conditioned by phonological rules. Minimal pairs are used to determine if two sounds are phonemes or allophones - if changing one sound creates a different word, then the sounds are separate phonemes rather than allophones of the same phoneme. Examples of phonemes, allophones, and minimal pairs are provided to illustrate these linguistic concepts.

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    Phonemes, Allophones

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    Phonemes, Allophones

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    This document discusses phonemes and allophones. It defines a phoneme as the smallest contrastive sound unit in a language, while an allophone is a phonetic variant of a phoneme that is conditioned by phonological rules. Minimal pairs are used to determine if two sounds are phonemes or allophones - if changing one sound creates a different word, then the sounds are separate phonemes rather than allophones of the same phoneme. Examples of phonemes, allophones, and minimal pairs are provided to illustrate these linguistic concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    322 views14 pages

    Phonemes, Allophones: Eka Novita, S.Pd.,M.A

    Uploaded by

    Fiky Amirah Dhiya'
    This document discusses phonemes and allophones. It defines a phoneme as the smallest contrastive sound unit in a language, while an allophone is a phonetic variant of a phoneme that is conditioned by phonological rules. Minimal pairs are used to determine if two sounds are phonemes or allophones - if changing one sound creates a different word, then the sounds are separate phonemes rather than allophones of the same phoneme. Examples of phonemes, allophones, and minimal pairs are provided to illustrate these linguistic concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Phonemes, Allophones

    Eka Novita, S.Pd.,M.A

    Phonemes
    A phoneme is the smallest contrastive
    unit in the sound system of a
    language.
    In the generative tradition, a phoneme
    is defined as a set of distinctive
    features.
    Red, led, wed are different words
    /r/, /l/, /w/ are contrastive or distinctive

    Walpiri [r] phonemes

    Allophones
    An allophone is a phonetic variant of a
    phoneme in a particular language.
    [p] and [pH] are allophones of the
    phoneme /p/.
    [t] and [tH] are allophones of the
    phoneme /t/.
    Allophones are generated by
    phonological conditioning.

    Example of allophonic adjustment:


    /k/ glotal stop allophone in world
    final in standard Indonesian
    Duduk, tarik

    T allophones rules in Americna


    English

    Minimal Pairs
    A minimal pair is a pair of words with di fferent meanings with exactly the same
    pronunciation except for one sound that differs.
    Examples:
    [tek] vs. [tep] "take" vs "tape"
    [tim] vs [dim] "team" vs "deam"
    Look for minimal pairs!
    [lif] "leaf"
    [rif] "reef"
    [lk] "lack"
    [rk] "rack".
    Given that we have minimal pairs that contain [l] and [r], we can say that [l] and [r]
    are contrastive thus they are separate phonemes (i.e. they are NOT allophones of
    the same phoneme).

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