Detyra Nga Matricat Dhe Determinatat - Ushtrime
Detyra Nga Matricat Dhe Determinatat - Ushtrime
Detyra Nga Matricat Dhe Determinatat - Ushtrime
MATEMATIKA 1
(USHTRIME- MATRICAT DHE DETERMINANTAT
(PRCAKTORET))
Msimdhnsit
Dr. Azir Jusufi
Prishtin
2012
2
2
1 cos x sin x 4
o
2 sin 30 1
B=
o
cos180 cos 2 x 4
Zgjidhje.
1
cos
x
sin
x
4
1 cos 2 x 4
1
o
1
2 sin 30 1 2
B=
2
=
o
cos180
cos
2
x
4
1 cos 2 x 4
Dmth
A=B
3 2 5
A = 4 0 1
7 6 5
3 x 3
1 5 2
B= 3 2 2
5 0 4
3 x 3
4 1
C = 2 5
1 3
3 x 2
1 3 5
D=
3 5 1 2 x 3
Njehsoni
a) A B, b) C+D,
c) A B,
d) B C,
e) B D
Zgjidhje
a ) A B,
3 2 5
1 5 2 3 + (1) 2 + 5 5 + 2
A + B = 4 0 1 + 3 2 0 = 4 + (3) 0 + 2 1 + 0 =
7 6 5
5 0 4 7 + ( 5) 6 + 0 5 + 4
2 3 7
= 1 2 1
12 6 9
3 2 5
1 5 2 3 (1) 2 5 5 2
A - B = 4 0 1 - 3 2 0 = 4 (3) 0 2 1 0 =
7 6 5
5 0 4 7 (5) 6 0 5 4
4 7 3
= 7 2 1
2 6 1
b) C+D,
Nuk egziston
c) A B,
3 2 5
1 5 2
A B = 4 0 1 3 2 0 =
7 6 5
5 0 4
15 + (4) + 0
6 + 0 + 20 22 11 26
3 + 6 + (25)
= 4 + 0 + (5)
20 + 0 + 0
8 + 0 + 4 = 9 20 12
7 + (18) + (25) (35) + 12 + 0 (14) + 0 + 20 36 23 6
d) B C,
1 5 2 4 1 1 4 + 5 2 + 2 ( 1) 1 ( 1) + 5 5 + 2 3
B C = 3 2 0 2 5 = 3 4 + 2 2 + 0 (1) 3 ( 1) + 2 5 + 0 3 =
5 0 4 1 3 5 4 + 0 2 + 4 (1) 5 ( 1) + 0 5 + 4 3
4 + 10 + ( 2) 1 + 25 + 6 4 32
12 + 4 + 0
= 8 13
3
+
10
+
0
20 + 0 + ( 4) 5 + 0 + 12 24 17
e) B D
Nuk egziston
1 2 1
A = 2 1 2
1 2 3
Gjeni
dhe
4 1 1
B= -4 2 0
1 2 1
A B B A
Zgjidhje
1 2 1 4 1 1 1 4 + 2 ( 4 ) + 1 1 1 1 + 2 2 + 1 2 1 1 + 2 0 + 1 1
A B = 2 1 2 -4 2 0 = 2 4 + 1 ( 4 ) + 2 1 2 1 + 1 2 + 2 2 2 1 + 1 0 + 2 1 =
1 2 3 1 2 1 1 4 + 2 ( 4 ) + 3 1 1 1 + 2 2 + 3 2 1 1 + 2 0 + 3 1
4 + ( 8 ) + 1 1 + 4 + 2 1 + 0 + 1 3 7 2
= 8 + ( 4 ) + 2 2 + 2 + 4 2 + 0 + 2 = 6 8 4
4 + ( 8 ) + 3 1 + 4 + 6 1 + 0 + 3
1 11 4
4 2 + 1 1 + 1 2
4 1 + 1 2 + 1 3
4 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 + 1 2 + 1 1
B A = -4 2 0 2 1 2 = 4 1 + 2 2 + 0 1 4 2 + 2 1 + 0 2 4 1 + 2 2 + 0 3 =
1 2 + 2 1 + 1 2
1 1 + 2 2 + 1 3
1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 + 2 2 + 1 1
8 +1+ 2
4 + 2 + 3 7 11 9
4 + 2 +1
= 4 + 4 + 0 8 + 2 + 0 4 + 4 + 0 = 0 6 0
2 + 2 + 2 1 + 4 + 3 6 6 8
1 + 4 + 1
3
AB B A = 6
1
10
6
4
14
5
7
8
11
2 7
4 0
4 6
11
6
6
9
3 7
0 = 60
8
1 6
7
4 =
1 2 1
M = 0 1 3
x 2 4
dhe
x y 5
N= 9 x x
x 8 x
M N = N M
Zgjidhje
7 11
8 (6)
11 6
2 9
4 0 =
4 8
x y +2 x +4 8
x 5+2 x +4 x
x 2 4 x 8 x x x +2 9+4 x
x +18+(-x)
= 0+9+3x
x 2 +18+4x
y +2x-8 5+x
x +24
4x
x +0+x 2 2 x +8+2x x +24+4x x +x 2
2 x +y+10 x +3y+20
18+3x
9 + 7 x
4 x +8
24+3x
Athere kemi
M N = N M
18
9+3x
x 2 + 18+ 4 x
y + 2 x -8
x + 24
xy + 2 x + 32
5+ x 6 x
4 x = 9+x 2
11 x x + x 2
2 x + y+ 10
18+ 3 x
4 x+8
x + 3y+ 20
9 + 7 x
24+ 3 x
3) 5+ x = x + 3y+ 20
1)
18 = 6 x
2)
y + 2 x -8= 2 x + y+ 10
4)
9+3x = 9+x 2
5)
x + 24= 18+ 3 x
6)
4 x = 9 + 7 x
8) xy + 2 x + 32= 4 x + 8
9)
11 x = 24+ 3 x
7 ) x 2 + 18+ 4 x = x + x 2
N ga 1) dhe 8) kem i
1) 1 8 = 6 x x = 3
dhe
8) xy + 2 x + 3 2 = 4 x + 8 3 y+ 2 3 + 3 2 = 4 3 + 8
3 y+ 6 + 3 2 = 1 2 + 8
D m th
x = 3
3 y = 2 0 -3 8
dhe
y = -6
y= -
18
3
y = -6
5. T llogaritet
(x ) =
x2 3x + 5
nese
1
x = -1
0
3
1
4
-2
Zgjidhje
f ( x ) = x2 3x + 5
1 0+0 3+4 1
1 4+0 ( 2)+4 1
1 0 4 1 0 4 1 1+0 ( 1)+4 2
2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1+1 ( 1)+1 2
2 0+1 3+1 1
2 4+1 ( 2)+1 1
2
0+0+4
4+0+4 9 4 8
1+0+8
2+( 1)+2
0+3+1
8+( 2)+1 3 4 7
1 0 4 3 0 12
3 x = 3 -1 3 -2 = -3 9 -6
2 1 1 6 3 3
1 0 0
1 0 0 5 0 0
E = 0 1 0 matrica njesi 5 E = 0 1 0 = 0 5 0
0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 5
9 4 8 3 0 12 5 0 0 11 4 4
f ( x ) = x 3 x + 5 = 8 7 12 - -3 9 -6 + 0 5 0 = 5 3 6
3 4 7 6 3 3 0 0 5
3 1 9
2
6. T vrtetohet se
n
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 1 = 0 1 n
0 0 1
0 0 1
Zgjidhje
Vertetojm se
n
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 1 = 0 1 n
0 0 1
0 0 1
Pr n=1
1
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 1 = 0 1 1
0 0 1
0 0 1
Pr n=2
2
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 1 = 0 1 1 0 1 1 =
0 0 1
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 + 0 0 + 0 0 1 0 + 0 1 + 0 0 1 0 + 0 1 + 0 1 1 0 0
= 0 1 + 1 0 + 1 0 0 0 + 1 1 + 1 0 0 0 + 1 1 + 1 1 = 0 1 2
0 1 + 0 0 + 1 0 0 0 + 0 1 + 1 0 0 0 + 0 1 + 1 1 0 0 1
Pr n=3
3
2
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 = 0 1 1 0 1 1 = 0 1 2 0 1 1 = 0 1 3
0 0 1
0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 1
0 0 1
0 0 1
0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 1
0
1 1 + 0 0 + 0 0 1 0 + 0 1 + 0 0 1 0 + 0 1 + 0 1 1 0
= 0 1 + 1 0 + k 0 0 0 + 1 1 + k 0 0 0 + 1 1 + k 1 = 0 1 k + 1
0 1 + 0 0 + 1 0 0 0 + 0 1 + 1 0 0 0 + 0 1 + 1 1 0 0
1
Pra
n
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 1 = 0 1 n
0 0 1
0 0 1
7. Gjeni
An
1 2 -2
nese A= 2 1 -2
2 2 -3
Zgjidhje
Pr n=1
1 2 -2
A = 2 1 -2
2 2 -3
1
Pr n=2
1 2 -2 1 2 -2 1 0 0
A = 2 1 -2 2 1 -2 = 0 1 0 = E
2 2 -3 2 2 -3 0 0 1
2
Pr n=3
2
1 2 -2
1 2 -2 1 0 0
1 2 -2 1 2 -2
3
A = 2 1 -2 2 1 -2 = 0 1 0 2 1 -2 = 2 1 -2 =A
2 2 -3
2 2 -3 0 0 1
2 2 -3 2 2 -3
Pr n=4
Pr n=5
A4 = A2 A2 = E
A
=
5
3
2
A = A A = A
n = 2k
E
n = 2k + 1 A
x
3
z
y x 6 4
=
+
t 1 2t z + t
x + y
3
y x 6 4
=
+
t 1 2t z + t
x + y
3
Zgjidhje
x
3
z
6 + x + y
3 x 3 y x + 4
=
3z 3t 1 + z + t
2t + 3
3x = x + 4
3x x = 4
3y = 6 + x + y
3 y y = 6 + 2 2y=8
3 z = 1 + z + t
3 z z = 1 + t 2 z = 1 + 3 z = 1
3t = 2t + 3
3t 2t = 3
dmth
x=2
y=4
z =1
t=2
2x = 4
t =3
x=2
y=4
t =3
4
5
a)
1 -3
2 0
5 0 -7
b) 3 -1 2
dhe
-3 4 -7
Zgjidhje
Metoda pr zgjedhjen e detyrave me metodn e Sarusit sht duke i shtuar dy shtylla te
pare ne fund te shtyllave dhe mnyra e dyte sht duke i shtuar dy rreshta te pare ne
fund te rreshtave.
4
a)
1 -3 4
= 56 60 18 + 35 = 99
b)
5 0 7 5 0
3 1 2 3 1 = 5 ( 1) 1 + 0 2 3 + ( 7 ) 3 4 ( 7 ) ( 1) 3 5 2 4 0 3 1 =
3
1 3
= 5 84 21 40 = 150
10. Duke zbatuar metodn e trekndshit t njehsohet vlera e prcaktorit
a)
-4
-2
b)
0 -9
1
5 2 1
c) -1 3 0
-2 4 2
d)
5 2 1
0 4 3
2
Zgjidhje
a)
-4 3
=-4 (2) 3 1 = 8 3 = 5
1 -2
b)
0 -9
= 0 2 ( 9) 1 = 0 + 9 = 9
1 2
5 2 1
c) -1 3 0 =5 3 2 + 2 0 (2) + (1) 41 (2) 31 4 0 5 2 (1) 2 = 30 4 + 6 + 4 = 36
-2 4 2
5 2 1
d) 0 4 3 = 5 (4) (1) + 2 3 2 + 0 0 (1) 2 (4) (1) 0 3 5 0 2 (1) = 20 +12 8 = 24
2 0 1
11. Zgjidhni prcaktorin
1 a a2
1 b b 2 = (b a ) (c a ) (c b)
1 c c2
Zgjidhje
1
1
1
b
c
a2
rr rr1
b2 = 2
= 0
rr3 rr1
2
c
0
ba
(b a ) (b + a )
ca
(c a ) (c + a )
a2
a
ba
ca
ba
b2 a2 = 1
ca
c2 a2
= (b a ) (c a )
1 b+a
1
c+a
b2 a2
c a
2
7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 7 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 7 2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
7
2
2
2
2
2
7
2
2
2
2
2
7
2
2
2
2
2
7
2
2
2
2
2
7
ba
(b a ) (b + a )
ca
(c a ) (c + a )
= (b a ) ( c a ) (1 ( c + a ) 1 (b + a ) =
= ( b a ) ( c a ) ( c + a b a ) = (b a ) ( c a ) ( c b )
Zgjidhje
7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 7 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 7 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 7 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 7 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 7 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 7 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7
21 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
21 7 2 2 2 2 2 2
21 2 7 2 2 2 2 2
1 7 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 7 2 2 2 2 2
21 2 2 7 2 2 2 2
21 2 2 2 7 2 2 2
= 21
1 2 2 7 2
1 2 2 2 7
sht2 2 sht1
sht3 2 sht1
sht4 2 sht1
2 2 2 sht5 2 sht1
=
2 2 2 sht6 2 sht1
7 2 2 sht7 2 sht1
2 7 2 sht8 2 sht1
21 2 2 2 2 7 2 2
21 2 2 2 2 2 7 2
1 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 2 2
21 2 2 2 2 2 2 7
1 2 2 2 2 2 2 7
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
= 21
1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
= 21 57
3 2 2 2 . . 2
2 3 2 2 . . 2
2 2 3 2 . . 2
.
. . 2
2 2 2 2 . . 3
Zgjidhje
3 + (n 1)2 2 2 2 . . 2
3 2 2 2 . . 2
2 3 2 2 . . 2
3 + (n 1)2 3 2 2 . . 2
sh1 + sh2 + sh3 + sh4 + + shn
= 3 + (n 1)2 2 3 2 . . 2 =
2 2 3 2 . . 2=
. . . . . . 2
2 2 2 2 . . 3
.
. . . . . 2
3 + (n 1)2 2 2 2 . . 3
1 2 2 2 . . 2
1 3 2 2 . . 2
= (3 + (n 1)2) 1 2 3 2 . . 2 =
. . . . . . 2
1 2 2 2 . . 3
sh2 2sh1
sh3 2 sh1
.
= (3 + 2n 2) 1 0 1 0 . . 0 =
.
. . . . . . 0
shn 2 sh1
1 0 0 0 . . 1
= (2n + 1) 1n = 2n + 1
-1 2 1
A= 4 0 2 ,
0 -1 3
dhe
1 0 0 0 . . 0
1 1 0 0 . . 0
0 1 4
B=
-2 1 5
T njehsohet
b) A T A dhe A A T ,
a ) A T dhe BT ,
c) (B A)T dhe A T B T
Zgjidhje
1 4 0
a ) A T = 2 0 1
1 2 3
0 2
BT = 1 1
4 5
1 4 0
-1 2 1 17 -2 7
b) A T A = 2 0 1 4 0 2 = -2 5 -1
1 2 3
0 -1 3 7 -1 14
-1 2 1
1 4 0 6 -2 1
A A = 4 0 2 2 0 1 = -2 20 6
0 -1 3
1 2 3 1 6 10
T
-1 2 1
4 6
T
0 1 4
4 4 14
T
c) (B A) =
4 0 2 =
= 4 9
2 1 5 0 -1 3 6 9 15 14 15
1 4 0 0 2 4 6
A B = 2 0 1 1 1 = 4 9
1 2 3 4 5 14 15
T
(Vetia: (B A) = A B )
T
3 1
A=
5 2
Zgjidhje
Mnyra I.
-1
x
z
Le te jete A =
y
matrica inverse e matrics A. Athere sipas prkufizimit
t
kemi.
A A -1 =E
3 1 x
5 2 z
3x + z = 1
3y + t = 0
5x + 2z = 0
5 y + 2t = 1
y 1 0
3x+z 3y+t 1 0
=
5x+2z 5y+2t = 0 1
t 0 1
x=2
y = 1
z = 5
t =3
2 1
A -1 =
5 3
Mnyra II.
Matrica inverse A-1 e nj matrice regulare A gjendet edhe sipas formuls
A -1 =
1
adjA,
det A
detA=
3 1
=1
5 2
2 -1
adjA=
-5 3
sepse
A11 = (1)1+1 2 = 2
A12 = (1)1+ 2 5 = 5
A 21 = (1) 2+1 1 = 1
A 22 = (1) 2+ 2 3 = 3
Prandaj
A -1 =
1
1 2 -1 2 -1
adjA=
=
,
det A
1 -5 3 -5 3
A =?
1
nse
2 2 3
A = 1 1 0
1 2 1
Zgjidhje
Matrica inverse
A 1 =
1
adjA, ku
det A
detA 0,
dhe
A11 A 21
A
A 22
adjA= 12
..... .....
A1n A 2n
..... A n1
..... A n2
..... .....
..... Ann
2
detA= 1
1
= 2 + 6 3 2 = 1
dmth. detA 1, ather ekziston matrica inverse A-1. Tani gjejme adjA
2 2 3
A = 1 1 0
1 2 1
A11
adjA= A 21
A 31
A11 =(-1)1+1
A 21 =(-1)1+2
A 31 =(-1)1+3
-1 0
2
= - 1 - 0 =-1
2 3
= - (2 - 6)=4
2 1
2
1 0
=0+3=3
A13 T
A 23 ,
A 33
A12
A 22
A 32
A 22 =(-1)2+2
A 32 =(-1) 2+3
1 1
= - (1 - 0) = -1
2 3
=2+3=5
1 1
2 3
1 0
= - (0 - 3) =3
A13 =(-1)3+1
A 23 =(-1)3+2
A 33 =(-1)3+3
Rrjedh se
-1 4 3
1
A = - -1 5 3 =
1
1 -6 -4
1
2
= 2 1 =1
2 2
= (4 + 2) = 6
1 2
2
1 1
-1 -1 1 T
-1 4 3
adjA= 4 5 -6 , adjA= -1 5 3
3 3 -4
1 -6 -4
-1
1
1
1 -4 -3
1 -5 -3
-1 6 4
= 2 2 = 4
a) A X + B = C
dhe
b) A X + B = 2 (X - C)
Nese
1 2 -1
A= 4 1 -2 ,
1 0 -1
3 -1 4
B== -1 -5 0 ,
0 -2 1
2 5 1
C== 2 3 4
2 -1 2
Zgjidhje
a)
AX+B=C AX=C-B
A -1
AX=C-B
A -1A X = A -1 (C - B)
1 2 3
1
A =
2 0 2
4
1 2 7
-1
7
1
4
4
6 10
X=
4 4
7 3
4 4
X = A -1 (C - B)
b)
A X + B = 2 (X - C) A X + B = 2 X - 2C
(A - 2E)X = - 2C -B
(A - 2E)-1
A X -2X = - 2C -B
37 53 41
1
58 118 62
X=
16
15
39 13
17. Gjeni rangun e matrics
2 1 3 2 4
A= 4 2 5 1 7
2 1 1 8 2
Zgjidhje
2 1 3 2 4
A= 4 2 5 1 7
2 1 1 8 2
2 1 3 2 4
0 0 1 5 1
0 0 1 5 1
Rr2 2 Rr1
Rr3 Rr1
2 1 3 2 4
0 0 1 5 1
0 0 2 10 2
1 0
0 1 r (A) = 2
Rr3
2
1 1
2 1
A=
-1 4
1 5
1
1
4 1 5 4
8 2 4 5
0 0
4 1
2
1
Zgjidhje
1 1
2 1
A=
-1 4
1 5
0
4
4
8
0 2 1
1 1 1
1 5 4
2 4 5
1 1 0 0 2 1
0 3 4 1 3 3
0 3 4 1 3 3
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 1
Rr2 2 Rr1
Rr3 + Rr1
Rr4 Rr1
1 1
0 3
0 3
0 6
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 3 4 1 3 3
1 0
0 1
r (A)=2
2 3 1
19. Matrica A =
t shumzohet me 3.
4 2 5
Zgjidhje.
2 3 1 6 9 3
3
=
.
4 2 5 12 6 15
0
4
4
8
0 2 1
1 3 3
1 3 3
2 6 6
Sht2
3
Sht3
4
Sht5
3
Sht6
3
2 0 1 1 3 1
3 1 3 2 = 0 1 .
2 4 2 5 4 1
23.
1 2 1 4 1
2 1 2 4 2
1 2 3 1 2
1 4 + 2 (4) + 1 1
= 2 4 + 1 (4) + 2 1
1 4 + 2 (4) + 3 1
3 7 2
= 6 8 4
1 11 4
1
0 =
1
1 1 + 2 2 + 1 2
1 1 + 2 0 + 1 1
2 1 + 1 2 + 2 2 2 1 + 1 0 + 2 1 =
1 1 + 2 2 + 3 2 1 1 + 2 0 + 3 1
AB = 0 (3 2 4) = 0 0 0 .
2
6 4 8
Ekziston gjithashtu edhe prodhimi BA dhe sht matric me 1 1 prmasa:
1
BA = (3 2 4) 0 = (31+20+4(-2)) = (-5) = -5.
2
26. Jepen matricat
1 0
0 1
A=
; B=
.
0 0
0 0
T gjendet AB dhe BA.
Meqense t dyja matricat jan matrica katrore nga M2, ather ekzistojn
prodhimet AB dhe BA. Kemi
1 0 0 1 1 0 + 0 0 1 1 + 0 0 0 1
AB =
=
=
,
0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 1 + 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 + 1 0 0 0 + 1 0 0 0
BA =
=
=
= O.
0 0 0 0 0 1 + 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0
ku n kufizn kij sht vendosur prqindja e klientels s firms Aj, q kalon n firmn Ai
vitin n vazhdim. Matrica K quhet matric kalimtare e ndarjes s tregut. N kto kushte
sht e qart se vektori i ndarjes s tregut vitin n vazhdim do t ket pamjen
0,85 0,10 0,10 0, 2
S1=KS0= 0, 05 0, 55 0, 05 0, 6 =
0,10
0,
35
0,85
0, 2
0, 85 0, 2 +
= 0, 05 0, 2 +
0,10 0, 2 +
0,10 0, 6
0, 55 0, 6 +
0, 35 0, 6 +
0,10 0, 2
0, 25
0, 05 0, 2 = 0, 35 .
0,85 0, 2 0, 40
Kuptohet se kur ruhet e njejta matric kalimtare edhe n vitin e dyt n vazhdim
vektori i ndarjes s tregut n kt vit do t jet
KS1 = K(KS0) = K2S0.
3 2
3 1 5
T
, ather A = 1 4 .
29. Nse A =
2 4 0 23
5 0 32
1 2
30. Njehsoni A2 nse A=
.
0 3
Zgjidhje.
1 2 1 2 1 1 + 2 0 1 2 + 2 3 1 8
A2 = A A =
=
=
.
0 3 0 3 0 1 + 3 0 0 2 + 3 3 0 9
3 7
2 3 7
1 2 3 1 2 = 6 + 105 2 20 9 + 7 = 87
5 1 1 5 1
31.
32.
1 2 5
3 4 7 =
3 12 15
= 1 (4) 15 + 2 7 (3) + 3 12 5 5 (4) (3) 3 2 15 7 12 1 =
= 60 42 + 180 60 90 84 = 156
33.
2
0
3
1
4
4
1
2 = 2 ( 1)1+1
4
5
2
5
+ 3 ( 1)1+ 2
1 5
+ 4 ( 1)1+ 3
= 2 (5 8) 3 (0 + 2) + 4 (0 + 1) = 6 6 + 4 = 8
4 3 2 10
0 6 7 3
Kemi:
2
10
0 5
= (-1)2 3 2 10 +(-1)(-1) 4 2 10 +
6 7 3
0
7 3
0 5
0 6 3
0 6 7
35. Duke prdorur vetit e detrminantave, t tregohet se vlen
1 1
a b
a 3 b3
1
c = (a + b + c)(b a )(c a )(c b)
c3
Zgjidhje.
c a
K 2 K1
K 3 K1
1
a
ba
b a
3
ca =
3
c a
3
ba
ca
b3 a 3
c3 a 3
= (b a )(c3 a 3 ) (c a )(b3 a 3 ) =
(b a )(c a )(c 2 + ac + a 2 ) (c a )(b a )(b 2 + ab + a 2 )
= (b a )(c a )(c 2 + ac + a 2 b 2 ab a 2 ) =
= (b a )(c a )(c 2 + ac b 2 ab) =
= (b a )(c a )((c b)(c + b) + a (c b)) =
= (b a )(c a )(c b)(a + b + c)
36. T njehsohet prcaktori
1 1 2
det(A)= 0 0 5 .
6 5 1
Duke zbatuar vetin e par, zhvillimi me m pak llogaritje sht ai sipas rreshtit t dyt, ku
t gjitha koordinatat jan zero, prve t trets. Kemi:
det A = (-5)(-1)2+3
1 1
= -5.
6 5
5 4.
2 3 7
Duke zbatuar vetin e gjasht mund ta shndrrojm prcaktorin n nj tjetr t
barabart me t, por q ti ket t gjitha koordinatat e ndonj rreshti (shtylle) t barabart
me zero, me prjashtim ndoshta t njrs. Pr kt, rreshtin e dyt t matrics A e
zvendsojm me a2+a1, kurse rreshtin e tret me a3+(-2)a1 dhe m tej prcaktorin e
prftuar e zhvillojm sipas shtylls s par. Marrim
1
3 7
a2 + a1
a3 + ( 2 ) a1
1 + 1
5+ 2
4+9 =
22
3 4
7 18
7
13
7
13 =
=14.
7 11
0 7 11
=0
det A = 1 1
2 2
2 = 15 + 8 2 + 2 12 10 = 1 0
5
2
1
adj A =
2
1
2
2
5
2 1
2
3 1
1
2
5
3 2
2 2
2 1
1 2
1 12 5
3 1
= 1 17 7 ,
1 2
2
1
3 2
1 1
1 12 5 1 12 5
1
1
A =
adj A = 1 17 7 = 1 17 7 .
det A
1
0 2 1 0 2 1
1
+
+
4 1
1 1
4 1
3 1 1
3 1
1 0
1 0 1
1
= 5 1 2 .
adjA=
+
2 1
3 1 2
2 2 1
14
2
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
2 4
2 4
3 1
Prandaj nga (1) marrim
3 1 1 3 / 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
1
-1
A = 5 1 1 = 5 / 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
2
14 2 4 7
1
2
40. T gjendet rangu i matrics
1 2 3
A = 2 0 5
3 2 2
det A = 2 0
3 2
A=
2 4 7 6
2 9 8 3
Zgjidhje.
3 2 4
3 2 4
1
1
1
2 5 11 R R 0 1 7 7
2 1
A=
2 4 7 6
2 4 7 6
2 9 8 3
2 9 8 3
1 3 2 4
1
0 1 7 7
0
2R
R4
1
0 2 3 2
0
2 9 8 3
0
1 3 2 4
1
0 1 7 7 R +3R
4 2 0
0 0 17 16
0
0 3 4 5
0
R +2R
3 1
4
1 7 7 R3+2R2
2 3 2
3 4 5
3 2 4
1 7 7 R4 R3
0 17 16
0 17 16
3
1 3 2 4
0 1 7 7
0 0 17 16
0 0 0 0
Matrica e fituar ka nj rresht me zero, q domethn se rangu i matrics nuk mundet t
jet 4, pra rangA < 4 . Minori
0 1 7 = 17 0 , pra rangA = 3 .
0 0 17
42. T gjendet matrica inverse e matrics
2 1 1
A = 5 2 4
7 3 4
me transformime elementare.
det A = 5 2
7 3
4 = 16 + 28 15 + 14 24 20 = 1 0
4
2 1 1 1 0 0
( A, I ) = 5 2 4 0 1 0
7 3 4 0 0 1
1 2 0
K +K
3 1 2 5 6
3 7 7
1 2 1 0 1 0
2 5 4 1 0 0
3 7 4 0 0 1
1 0 0
K 2 K
2
1 2 1 6
3 1 7
K K
2
1
0 1 0
1 0 1
0 0 1
1 0 0 2 1
K 2 K
1
2 0 1 6
1 1 7
1
0 0
1 0
1 1
5
0
2
0
5
0
1 0
1 1
8 2 13
1 0 1
8 15 13 = ( I , A1 )
1 1 1
A1 = 8 15 13
1
1 1
A = 0 2 4 , B = 0 0 2 , C = 0 0 3,
0 0 2
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
1 2 1
0 0 1
K36 K2
2 1
0 1
1
K1 K3
0
13
1
0
1 0 0
K K
2 3 0 1 0
0 0 1
0 2 1 4
2 3 2 2
D = 0 0 2 2 , E = 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
jan t shkallzuara. Duke numruar rreshtat jozero n seciln gjejm rg A=3, rg B=2, rg
C= 2, rg D=2, rg E=1.
Matricat
1 8 2
2 1 5 0 1 2 3
0 6 0
0 2 1, 0 0 5 2 ,
0 2 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 3
0 0 2
nuk jan t shkallzuara. Pr t gjetur rangjet e tyre, m par ato duhen shkallzuar.
1 1 3 2
A= 1 4 1 2 .
3 2 7 6
a 3a
0 5 2 0
0 0 0 0
a2 a1
3
Matrica e fundit sht e shkallzuar dhe ka dy rreshta t ndryshm nga zero, prandaj rg
A=2.
5 10 15 1 1 2
2 5 4 5 a1 2 5
B=
0
1 5
1 5
3 6 7 3 6
1
1 2 3
2 2a3 + a4 0
0 1
0
0 0 1
0
0 0 2
2 a1 + a2
a1 + a3
3a1 + a4
1 2 3
0 1 2 a2
0 3 3 1 a3
0 0 2 3
1 2 3
0 1 2 a2 + a3
0 1 1
0 0 2
2 3
1 2
.
0 1
0 0
Matrica e fundit sht matric e shkallzuar dhe ka 3 rreshta t ndryshm nga zero ,
prandaj rg B=3.
A = 2 1 3 dhe B = 0 1 1 .
0 1 0
1 1 0
Zgjidhje. Njehsojm n fillim A1 , nse A sht matric e rregullt.
1 0 2
3 2 2
1
det A = 2 1 3 = 1 dhe A = 0 0 1 .
2 1 1
0 1 0
Zgjidhja e AX=B sht e forms X = A1 B dhe marrim
3 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 5
X = A B = 0 0 1 0 1 1 = 1 1 0
2 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3
1
X
=
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 3
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 3
Zgjidhje.
AXB = C
AXB = C
2 1 1
3 2 3
6 4 3
7 7 5
1 0 0
1 1 0
1
A =
0 1 1
0 0 1
0
0
0
1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1
1
.
dhe B =
0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1
:
1 0
1 1
1
A C=
0 1
0 0
Prfundimisht kemi
2 2 1 1 1
0 1 1 2 0
1
1
X = A CB =
1 3 2 0 0
0 1 3 2 0
0 2
0 0 2
1 0 3
1 0 3
0
1
1
0
0
2 1 1 2
3 2 3 0
=
6 4 3 1
7 7 5 0
1 2
1 1 0
=
1 1 1
0 1 0
1
2 1 1
1 1 2
3 2 0
1 3 2
0 1 0
1 0 2
2 0 0
1 2 0
= B 1 ( X 1 + B ) , nse
1 2 1
1 0 0
A = 0 1 2 , B = 2 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 2
1
1
1
Zgjidhje. Nga ( AXB ) = B ( X + B ) marrim
( AXB )
Pastaj gjejm
1 2 3
2 0 0
0 2 1
1
A1 = 0 1 2 , B 1 = 2 1 0 dhe I A = 0 0 2 .
2
0 0 1
1 1 2
0 0 2
1
1
Duke i zvendsuar kto te X=A ( I A) B dhe duke kryer veprimet e nevojshme,
marrim
1 1 3
1
X = 6 2 2 .
2
6 2 2
50. Duke prdorur vetit e detrminantave, t tregohet se vlen
1 2
3
1 x +1 3
1 2
x +1
:
:
:
1 2
3
...
n
...
n
...
n = ( x 1)( x 2)...( x n + 1)
:
:
... x + 1
Zgjidhje.
1 2
1 x +1
1
:
1
2
:
2
3
3
...
...
n
n
R2 R1
R3 R1
............
Rn R1
1
2
0 x 1
x + 1 ...
n = 0
:
:
:
:
3
... x + 1
0
= ( x 1)( x 2)...( x n + 1)
0
:
0
3
0
...
...
n
0
=
x 2 ...
0
:
:
:
0
... x n + 1