Asme Section II A Sa-395

2007 SECTION II, PART A
SA-395
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SPECIFICATION FOR FERRITIC DUCTILE IRON

PRESSURE-RETAINING CASTINGS FOR USE AT
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
SA-395
[Identical with ASTM Specification A 395-88 (Reapproved 1993)1.]
1.
Scope
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for
pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures
(Note 1).
E 8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
E 59 Test Method of Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to
412 in. (51 to 114 mm)) Steel Castings
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to
12 in. (114 to 305 mm)) Steel Castings
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 in.
(51 mm) in Thickness
E 689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other

piping components are generally manufactured in advance
and supplied from stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or
dealer.
1.3 For supplemental casting requirements Specification A 834 may be utilized.
1.4 The values stated within this specification are in
inch /pound units. A separate Specification A 395M is the
metric companion to this specification. The text in both is
identical.
2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the

Valve and Fittings Industry Standard:
SP 25 (1964 edition) Standard Marking Systems for
Valves, Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Unions
NOTE 1 For service other than as specified in this section, reference

should be made to Specification A 536 for Ductile Iron Castings.
2.
Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
Graphite in Iron Castings
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A 395M Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron PressureRetaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
(Metric)
A 536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
A 732 /A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment,
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application,
and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
A 834 Specification for Common Requirements for Iron
Castings for General Industrial Use
3.
Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall
include the following applicable information:
3.1.1 Drawing, catalog number or part identifications,
3.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
3.1.4 Heat treating requirements (see 4.2.1),
3.1.5 Pressure test requirements (see 6.4.2),
3.1.6 Test samples from castings (see 9.1.1 and
10.1.1),
3.1.7 Test coupons size (see 9.2),
3.1.8 Metallographic option (see 10.1.1),
735
Copyright ASME International

Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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SA-395
3.1.9 Place of inspection (see 14.1),
6.2 Hardness:
6.2.1 The hardness of the castings and test specimens
shall be within the following limits:
3.1.10 Certification requirements (see 15.1),

3.1.11 Identification marking (see 16.2), and
HB, 3000 kgf load
3.1.12 Supplemental Requirements (see 1.3 and S1).
143-187
6.3 Microstructure:
6.3.1 The microstructure of the separately cast test
coupon or the casting shall be essentially ferritic and contain no massive carbides, and have a minimum of 90%
Type I and Type II Graphite as in Fig. 7 or Plate I of Test
Method A 247.
4.
Materials and Manufacture

4.1 The melting method and the nodularizing practice
shall be optional with the foundry.
4.2 Except as provided in 4.2.1, all castings shall be
given a ferritizing heat treatment that produces essentially
a ferritic structure that contains no massive carbides.
6.4 Pressure Test Requirements:

6.4.1 Each pressure retaining casting shall be tested
after machining to the test pressure specified by the applicable standard of ANSI, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code, or other pertinent code, and shall show no leaks.
4.2.1 When specified in the purchase order, castings

may be provided in an as cast condition provided they
comply with the requirements of 6.1 and 6.2.1.
4.2.2 Castings supplied in accordance with 4.2.1 may
be stress relieved by agreement between the manufacturer
and purchaser.
6.4.2 Castings ordered under this specification not

covered by ANSI standards and ASME Pressure Vessel
Code, and castings for special service applications, shall
be tested to such pressures as may be agreed upon by the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
5.
6.4.3 It is realized that the foundry may be unable

to perform the hydrostatic test prior to shipment, or that
the purchaser may wish to defer testing until additional
work or machining has been performed on the casting.
Castings ordered in the rough state for final machining
by the purchaser may be tested hydrostatically prior to
shipment by the manufacturer at pressures to be agreed
upon with the purchaser. However, the foundry is responsible for the satisfactory performance of the castings under
the final hydrostatic test.
Chemical Requirements
5.1 The casting shall conform to the following requirements for chemical composition (Note 2):
Total carbon, min,%
Silicon, max,%
Phosphorus, max,%
3.00
2.50
0.08
5.1.1 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be

made on chilled cast pencil type specimens or from thin
wafers approximately 1 / 32 in. thick cut from test coupons.
Drillings are not reliable because of the probable loss of
graphite.
5.1.2 For each reduction of 0.01% below the maximum specified phosphorus content, an increase of 0.08%
silicon above the specified maximum will be permitted up
to a maximum of 2.75%.
7.
Workmanship and Finish

7.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks,
and hot tears. Any other surface discontinuities shall meet
visual acceptance standards specified in the order.
NOTE 2 Silicon contents above 2.75%, or phosphorus contents above

0.08% have a tendency to lower the impact resistance of the material. If
the carbon content is below 3.00%, excess cementite may form during
cooling and if this is not removed during heat treatment, the impact
resistance of the material may be lowered.
8.
Repair
8.1 Castings for valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps,
and other piping components ordered under applicable
ANSI standards shall not be repaired by plugging, welding,
brazing, or impregnation.
6.
Requirements
6.1 Tensile: The ductile iron as represented by the test
specimens shall conform to the following requirements for
tensile properties:
Tensile strength, min, MPa
Yield strength, min, MPa
Elongation in % min, %
8.2 Castings not covered in 8.1 which leak on hydrostatic tests may be repaired by plugging, provided the
following requirements are met:
8.2.1 No welding or brazing is permitted.
60 000 psi
40 000 psi
18
8.2.2 The diameter of the plug shall not exceed the

diameter of a standard 2 in. pipe plug.
736


SA-395
8.2.3 The plugs, where practical, shall conform in

all dimensions to the standard ISO 38 plugs. In addition,
they shall have full thread engagement corresponding to
the thickness in the repaired section. Where a tapered plug
is impractical because of the excess wall thickness in terms
of plug diameter and coincident thread engagement, other
types of plugs may be used provided both full engagement
and effective sealing against pressure are obtained. Where
possible, the ends of the plug should be ground smooth after
installation to conform to the inside and outside contours of
the wall of the pressure vessel or pressure part.
8.2.4 The material from which the plug is manufactured shall conform in all respects to the materials specifications which apply to the pressure vessel or pressure part.
8.2.5 The area adjacent to the drilled hole shall be
examined by radiography, and shall meet the Level 3
acceptance requirements of Reference Radiographs E 689
and supporting Reference Radiographs E 446, E 186, or
E 280 as applicable and defined in accordance with Reference Radiographs E 689.
8.2.6 The thickness of any repaired section in relation
to the size of the plug used shall not be less than that given
in Table 1.
8.2.7 The minimum radius of repaired sections of
cylinders or cones in relation to the size of plug used shall
not be less than that given in Table 2.
8.2.8 A repaired area may consist of a maximum of
three plugs with a spacing such that the ligaments between
adjacent plugs shall not be less than listed in Table 3. Other
defective areas may also be repaired by plugging provided
the minimum ligament between plugs in adjacent areas is
not less than twice the distance from the nearest plug, the
values for which are listed in Table 3.
9.1.2 Test bars removed from castings shall conform

to Fig. 5. The testing diameter shall be 12 in. if possible.
Smaller diameters shall be utilized if necessary.
8.3 Surface imperfections in castings other than valves,

flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping components
may be repaired by plugging provided the depth of the
plug is not greater than 20% of the thickness of the casting
section and the diameter of the plug is not greater than its
length. Repair of surface defects may not be done on pressure containing portions of castings. The plug need not be
threaded. The conditions of 8.2.1 and 8.2.4 shall also be
satisfied.
9.7 The metallographic examination shall be made on

a test lug from the recommended test coupon shown in
Fig. 6 or from a casting. The test coupon shall represent
the metal treated with the nodularizing agent.
9.
10.1.1 Unless otherwise stated in the contract or

order for castings, a metallographic examination may be
substituted for the tension test when separately cast test
coupons are used. When the microstructure option is used,
a minimum of one tension test is required from each days
melt and for each heat treatment (see 10.2).
9.2 The test coupon size shall be as mutually agreed

upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. In the
absence of agreement, it shall be the option of the manufacturer.
9.3 The test coupons shall be cast in molds made of
suitable core sand having a minimum wall thickness of
112 in. for the 12 in., 1 in. sizes, and 3 in. for the 3 in.
size. The coupons shall be left in the mold until they have
changed to a black color (approximately 900F or less).
The keel block as shown in Fig. 1 or the modified keel
block produced from the mold shown in Fig. 4 may be
substituted for the 1 in. block shown in Fig. 2.
9.4 When investment castings are made to this specification, the manufacturer may use test specimens cast to
size incorporated in the mold with the castings or separately
cast to size using the same type of mold and the same
thermal conditions that are used to produce the castings.
These test specimens shall be made to the dimensions
shown in Fig. 1 of Specification A 732 or Figs. 5 and 6
of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
9.5 Separately cast test coupons shall be poured immediately after the castings and shall represent the metal
treated with the nodularizing agent, and be identified with
the castings they represent.
9.6 The manufacturer shall cast a sufficient number of
test coupons to provide for each ferritizing anneal. The
test coupons shall be heat treated with the castings they
represent. Sectioning of the test coupons prior to heat treating is not permitted.
10. Number of Tests and Retests

10.1 One tension test shall be made from sections cut
from the test coupons (Fig. 3) for each ladle treated with
the nodularizing agent.
Test Coupon
9.1 The separately cast test coupons from which the
tension test specimen is machined shall be cast to the size
and shape shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, or Fig. 4. Sectioning
procedure for removing test specimens from Y-blocks is
shown in Fig. 3.
9.1.1 Test samples may be removed from castings
at locations designated on a drawing or as agreed to by
manufacturer and purchaser.
10.2 If any tension test specimen shows obvious

defects, another from the same coupon, or from another
coupon representing the same metal and the same anneal
737


SA-395
charge, may be tested. If an apparently sound test specimen

fails to conform to this specification, castings may be reannealed and two retests made. If either retest fails to
conform to this specification, the castings they represent
shall be rejected.
11.
14. Inspection
14.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the manufacturer shall be responsible for carrying out all the tests and inspection required by this
specification.
14.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall
have entry at all times, while work on the contract of the
purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturers works which concern the manufacture of the material
ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all
reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being
furnished in accordance with these specifications. Unless
otherwise specified, all tests and inspection shall be made
at the place of manufacture or by an approved independent
laboratory prior to shipment, and shall be so conducted as
not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the
works.
Tension Test Specimen Preparation
11.1 The standard machined 12 in. round tension test

specimen with 2 in. gauge length as shown in Fig. 5 shall
be used except where the 12 in. Y-block test coupon is
required. In this case, either of the small size specimens,
0.375 or 0.250 in. round as shown in Fig. 5 shall be used.
12.
Test Methods
12.1 Chemical analysis shall be made in accordance

with the following methods: Test Methods E 59 or E 30.
15. Certification
15.1 When agreed upon in writing by the purchaser
and the supplier, a certification shall be made on the basis
of acceptance of the material. This shall consist of a copy
of the manufacturers test report or a statement by the
supplier accompanied by a copy of the test results, that
the material has been sampled, tested, and inspected in
accordance with the provisions of this specification. Each
certification so furnished shall be signed by an authorized
agent of the supplier or manufacturer.
12.2 The chemical composition may also be determined

by spectrographic methods but should a dispute arise concerning the chemical composition, the methods specified
in 12.1 shall be used as the umpire methods.
12.3 The yield strength shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E 8 using one of the following
methods:
12.3.1 The 0.2% off-set method, or
12.3.2 Extension under load method where the yield
strength may be determined as the stress producing an
elongation under load of 0.375%; that is, 0.0075 in. in a
gauge length of 2 in.
16. Product Marking

16.1 Casting for valves, flanges, pipe fittings, and
unions shall be marked for material identification in accordance with paragraph 9.6 of the Standard Marking System
for Valves, Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Unions, SP-25.
12.4 The hardness of the ductile iron as represented

by the test specimens and castings shall be determined in
accordance with Test Method E 10.
16.2 Castings other than valves, flanges, pipe fittings,

and unions shall be identified subject to agreement by the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
12.5 The percentage of each graphite type shall be

determined by manual counting, semi-automatic or automatic image analysis methods. The sum of all graphite
types shall total to 100%.
16.3 Marking shall be in such a position as not to injure

the usefulness of the castings.
13. Records
13.1 Records of the chemical composition, mechanical
properties, and metallographic examination, when applicable, shall be systematically made and maintained.
17. Keywords
17.1 casting; ductile iron; mechanical properties; pressure-retaining; pressure test; tensile strength; tension testing; yield strength
738

FIG. 1 KEEL BLOCK FOR TEST COUPONS
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FIG. 2 Y-BLOCKS FOR TEST COUPONS
739

SA-395
SA-395
FIG. 3 SECTIONING PROCEDURE FOR Y-BLOCKS
740

FIG. 4 MOLD FOR MODIFIED KEEL BLOCK
741

SA-395
SA-395
FIG. 5 STANDARD 1 / 2 IN. ROUND TENSION TEST SPECIMEN WITH 2 IN. GAGE LENGTH AND EXAMPLES OF
SMALL SIZE SPECIMENS PROPORTIONAL TO THE STANDARD SPECIMEN
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FIG. 6 TEST COUPONS FOR MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION OF DUCTILE IRON
742

SA-395
FIG. 7 SUGGESTED CLASSIFICATION OF GRAPHITE FORM IN DUCTILE CAST IRON
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TABLE 1
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF REPAIRED SECTIONS
Iron Pipe Size Plug,
in.
1
8
4
3
8
1
2
3
4
1
114
112
2
1
TABLE 2
MINIMUM RADIUS OF REPAIRED SECTIONS
Minimum Thickness Repaired

Section, in.
Iron Pipe Size Plug, in.

1
11
8
4
3
8
1
2
3
4
1
114
112
2
32
16
1
2
21
32
3
4
13
16
7
8
15
16
1
Minimum Radius of Cylinder

or Cone, in.
9
16
11
16
1116
114
2
212
4
514
818
743

SA-395
TABLE 3
MINIMUM LIGAMENT BETWEEN PLUGSA,B
Nominal Plug
Diameter, in.
1
8, 14, 38
2, 34
1, 114
112, 2
1
Minimum Ligament Between Plugs, in.

1
8, 14, 38
2, 14
1, 114
112, 2
418
418
658
912
658
658
658
912
912
912
912
912
258
418
658
912
Based on efficiency of 80%.

Example: Assume three plugs are required for repair, one 18
in., one 38 in., and one 112 in. The minimum distance permitted is
as follows:
Ligament distance between 18 and 38 in. plugs is 258 in.
B
744

SA-395
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENT
The following supplementary requirement shall not apply unless specified in the purchase order.
S1. A microstructure test lug is to be cast attached to the casting at the location designated on the casting drawing.
The microstructure of the test lug shall be essentially ferrite and contain no massive carbides.
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745
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What are the requirements for the chemical composition of ductile iron castings according to this specification?

What are the requirements for the chemical composition of ductile iron castings according to this specification?

What heat treatment is required for ductile iron castings according to this specification?

What heat treatment is required for ductile iron castings according to this specification?

2007 SECTION II, PART A

SPECIFICATION FOR FERRITIC DUCTILE IRON

E 8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other

2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the

NOTE 1 For service other than as specified in this section, reference

Copyright ASME International

Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101

2007 SECTION II, PART A

3.1.9 Place of inspection (see 14.1),

3.1.10 Certification requirements (see 15.1),

HB, 3000 kgf load

3.1.12 Supplemental Requirements (see 1.3 and S1).

Materials and Manufacture

6.4 Pressure Test Requirements:

4.2.1 When specified in the purchase order, castings

6.4.2 Castings ordered under this specification not

6.4.3 It is realized that the foundry may be unable

5.1.1 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be

Workmanship and Finish

NOTE 2 Silicon contents above 2.75%, or phosphorus contents above

8.2.2 The diameter of the plug shall not exceed the

Copyright ASME International

Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101

2007 SECTION II, PART A

8.2.3 The plugs, where practical, shall conform in

9.1.2 Test bars removed from castings shall conform

8.3 Surface imperfections in castings other than valves,

9.7 The metallographic examination shall be made on

10.1.1 Unless otherwise stated in the contract or

9.2 The test coupon size shall be as mutually agreed

10. Number of Tests and Retests

10.2 If any tension test specimen shows obvious

Copyright ASME International

Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101

2007 SECTION II, PART A

charge, may be tested. If an apparently sound test specimen

Tension Test Specimen Preparation

11.1 The standard machined 12 in. round tension test

12.1 Chemical analysis shall be made in accordance

12.2 The chemical composition may also be determined

16. Product Marking

12.4 The hardness of the ductile iron as represented

16.2 Castings other than valves, flanges, pipe fittings,

12.5 The percentage of each graphite type shall be

16.3 Marking shall be in such a position as not to injure

Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101

2007 SECTION II, PART A

FIG. 1 KEEL BLOCK FOR TEST COUPONS

FIG. 2 Y-BLOCKS FOR TEST COUPONS

Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101

2007 SECTION II, PART A

FIG. 3 SECTIONING PROCEDURE FOR Y-BLOCKS

Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp New sub account/5910419101

2007 SECTION II, PART A