Perak Darul Ridzuan
Perak Darul Ridzuan
Perak Darul Ridzuan
Flag Of Perak
Army Of Perak
Coats Of
influencing Sultan Muzaffar Syah failed. They then turned to Sultanah Tajul
Alam Safiatuddin, the Sultan of Aceh, to seek permission to trade in Perak,
which forced the Sultan of Perak to sign a treaty, allowing the Dutch to
build their plant in Kuala Perak on 15 August 1650. This did not go down
well with the aristocracy of Perak.
In 1651, Temenggung and the people of Perak attacked and destroyed the
Dutch plant. The Dutch were forced to leave their base in Perak. The
Dutch sent a representative to Perak in 1655 to renew the earlier
agreement and to seek compensation for the loss of their plant. The Perak
government however did not honour the treaty and was thus surrounded
by the Dutch; in retaliation, the people of Perak, Aceh, and Ujung Salang,
launched a surprise attack on the Dutch.
In 1670, the Dutch returned to Perak to build Kota Kayu, now known as
Kota Belanda ("Dutch Fortress"), on Pangkor Island. Perak agreed to the
construction because of news that the Kingdom of Siam would be
attacking the state. Nevertheless, in 1685, Perak once again attacked the
Dutch on Pangkor Island, forcing them to retreat and close their
headquarters. The Dutch attempted to negotiate for a new treaty, but
failed. In the 19th century, the Bugis, Acehnese, and the Siamese were all
attempted to invade Perak, and only British intervention in 1820
prevented Siam from annexing Perak. Although the British were initially
reluctant to establish a colonial presence in Malaya, increasing investment
in the tin mines brought a great influx of Chinese immigrants, including
Foo Ming, who formed rival clan groups allied with Malay chiefs and local
gangsters which all fought for control of the mines. The Perak Sultanate
was unable to maintain order as it was embroiled in a protracted
succession crisis. In her book The Golden Chersonese and The Way Thither
(published 1892 G.P. Putnam's Sons), Victorian traveller and adventurer
Isabella Lucy Bird (18311904) describes how Raja Muda Abdullah (as he
then was) turned to his friend in Singapore, Tan Kim Ching. Tan, together
with an English merchant in Singapore, drafted a letter to Governor Sir
Andrew Clarke which Abdullah signed. The letter expressed Abdullah's
desire to place Perak under British protection, and "to have a man of
sufficient abilities to show (him) a good system of government." In 1874,
the Straits Settlements governor Sir Andrew Clarke convened a meeting
on Pulau Pangkor, at which Sultan Abdullah was installed on the throne of
Perak in preference to his rival, Sultan Ismail. This Pangkor Treaty also
required that the Sultan of Perak accept a British Resident, a post granted
wide administrative powers.
In 1875, various Perak chiefs assassinated the British Resident James W.
W. Birch, resulting in the short-lived Perak War of 1876. Sultan Abdullah
was exiled to the Seychelles, and the British installed a new ruler. The new
resident, Sir Hugh Low, was well-versed in the Malay language and local
customs, and proved to be a more capable administrator. He also
introduced the first rubber trees in Malaya. Perak joined Selangor, Negeri
Sembilan and Pahang to form the Federated Malay States in 1896.
However, the British Resident system persisted until the Malayan Union
was established in 1948. Perak (as a component of the Federation of
Malaya) gained its independence from the British on 31 August 1957.
In 2010, the religious make-up of residents in Perak was Muslims: 55.3%,
Buddhists: 25.4%, Hindu: 10.9%, Christians: 4.3%, Taoists, or followers of
other Chinese folk religion: 1.7%, Followers of other religions: 1.5%, Nonreligious: 0.9%
Bendera Perak
Tentera Perak
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