LoRa Overview

Semtechs LoRa
technology!
qParameters
qBandwidth: 125kHz, 250kHz, 500kHz
qCoding rate: 4/5, 4/6, 4/7, 4/8
qSpreading factor: 6 to 12
Sensitivity: lowest input

power with acceptable link
quality, typically 1% PER
Rule of thumb
6dB increase = twice the
range in LOS
12dB needed for urban areas
Tables from Semtech
Simple loss in signal

strength model!
qFree Space Path Loss model
!P $
! 4 d $
! 4 fd $
L(dB) = 10 log # t & = 20 log #
& = 20 log #
&
%
%
"
"
c
P
" r%
FSPL assume Gt=Gr=1
L(dB) = 20 log ( f ) + 20 log ( d ) 147, 55 dB

2.4GHz#FSPL#in#dB#
865MHz#FSPL#in#dB#
140.0000000#
120.0000000#
80.0000000#
60.0000000#
40.0000000#
20.0000000#
0.0000000#
10#
30#
50#
70#
90#
110#
130#
150#
300#
500#
700#
900#
1100#
1300#
1500#
1700#
1900#
3000#
5000#
7000#
9000#
11000#
13000#
15000#
17000#
19000#
Loss$in$dB$
100.0000000#
Distance$in$meters$
Link budget broad

concepts!
q Received Power (dBm) = Transmitted Power (dBm) + Gains
(dB) Losses (dB)
q Example
q Transmitted power is +14dBm (25mw)
q Losses (FSPL) is 120dB (received power is 1012 less than
transmitted power)
q Then Receiver Power (dBm) is -106dBm
q If you have a receiver sensitivity of -137dBm you can

handle FSPL up to 151dB, i.e. 1.15x1015 less power than
transmitted power!
q You can be well under the noise floor
q In a conventional WLAN system, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
is 20 dB or greater in order to achieve the maximum data
rate

WHY THE LORA

REVOLUTION?!
LoRa SX1272
at 868MHz
Theoretical capacity of 125kHz and
2MHz radio channels considering a
7.5dB NF receiver
433/868 typical
Industry best
class at 868MHz
Everybody wants to be in!!
LoRa radios !
(mostly based on SX1272/76 chip)!

Libelium LoRa is based on
Semtech SX1272 LoRa
863-870 MHz for Europe
DORJI DRF1278DM is
based on Semtech
SX1278 LoRa 433MHz
Froggy Factory LoRa

module (Arduino)
LinkLabs
Symphony module
IMST IM880A-L is based on

Semtech SX1272 LoRa
863-870 MHz for Europe
HopeRF RFM series
Embit LoRa
Microship RN2483
habSupplies
Multi-Tech
MultiConnect mDot
Adeunis ARF8030AA- Lo868
SODAQ LoRaBee
Embit
AMIHO AM093
SODAQ LoRaBee
RN2483
LoRa Gateways!
(non exhaustive list)!
Multi-Tech Conduit
Embedded Planet
EP-M2M-LORA
LinkLabs Symphony
PicoWAN from
Archos
Ideetron Lorank 8
TheThingNetwork
Kerlink IoT Station
Or build your own one:

Arduino, Rasperry PI,

Ready-to-use LoRa
devices!
LoRa Mote from Semtech
HopeRF/Ideetron motes
Microchip LoRa mote
NetBlocks
XRange
SODAQ Tatu with LoraBee (Embit)
Some other long-range

technologies!
License-free Sub-GHz
constraints!
q Shared medium so long-range transmission in dense
environments can create lots of interference!
q Activity time is constrained from 0.1% to 1% duty-cycle
depending on frequency: 3.6s to 36s/hour
Libelium LoRa!
Figures and table from Libelium
Range
Time on air for various

Libelium LoRa mode!
Throughput
LoRa%
mode
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
BW
125
250
125
500
250
500
250
500
500
500
CR
%4/5
%4/5
%4/5
%4/5
%4/5
%4/5
%4/5
%4/5
%4/5
%4/5
SF
12
12
10
12
10
11
9
9
8
7
5%bytes
0.95846
0.47923
0.28058
0.23962
0.14029
0.11981
0.07014
0.03507
0.01754
0.00877
time%on%air%in%second%for%payload%size%of
105%
155%
205%
55%bytes bytes
Bytes
Bytes
2.59686 4.23526 5.87366 7.51206
1.21651 1.87187 2.52723 3.26451
0.69018 1.09978 1.50938 1.91898
0.60826 0.93594 1.26362 1.63226
0.34509 0.54989 0.75469 0.95949
0.30413 0.50893 0.69325 0.87757
0.18278 0.29542 0.40806 0.5207
0.09139 0.14771 0.20403 0.26035
0.05082 0.08154 0.11482 0.14554
0.02797 0.04589 0.06381 0.08301
255%
Bytes
9.15046
3.91987
2.32858
1.95994
1.16429
1.06189
0.63334
0.31667
0.17882
0.10093
LoRaWAN R1.0 specification:!

the need for standard!
q Class A - bi-directional end-devices:
LoRaWAN class A endpoint devices provide bidirectional communications. To achieve this, each
endpoint transmission is followed by two short downlink receive windows. The transmission slot scheduled
by the particular endpoint is based upon the needs of the end point and also there is a small variation
determined using a random time basis.
LoRa Class A operation provides the lowest power option for end points that only require downlink
communication from the server shortly after the end-device has sent an uplink transmission. Downlink
communications from the server at any other time wait until the next scheduled uplink time.
q Class B - bi-directional end-devices with scheduled receive

slots:
LoRa Class B devices provide the Class A functionality and in addition to this they open extra receive
windows at scheduled times. To achieve the required synchronisation from the network, the endpoint
receives a time synchronized Beacon from the gateway. This allows the server to know when the enddevice is listening.
q Class C - bi-directional end-devices with maximal receive slots:

LoRa Class C devices provide nearly continuously open receive windows. They only closed when the
endpoint is transmitting. This type of endpoint is suitable where large amounts of data are needed to be
received rather than transmitted.
LoRaWAN channels!
qEU 863-870MHz ISM Band
qMinimum set
Existing LoRa gateways

ressources!
q Semtechs LoRa gateway code
q Implements LoRaWAN specification
q https://github.com/Lora-net/lora_gateway
q TheThingNetwork initiative
q Various DIY initiative
q LoRaWAN RPI+mCard from Nestor Ayuso
https://github.com/mirakonta/lora_gateway/wiki
q PI-in-the-sky gateway
https://github.com/PiInTheSky/lora-gateway
http://www.pi-in-the-sky.com/index.php?id=making-a-loragateway
q Our low-cost gateway with Activity Time Sharing

q Arduino and Raspberry PI
q http://www.univ-pau.fr/~cpham/LORA/RPIgateway.html

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Semtechs LoRa

Sensitivity: lowest input

Tables from Semtech

Simple loss in signal

FSPL assume Gt=Gr=1

L(dB) = 20 log ( f ) + 20 log ( d ) 147, 55 dB

Link budget broad

q If you have a receiver sensitivity of -137dBm you can

WHY THE LORA

Everybody wants to be in!!

(mostly based on SX1272/76 chip)!

Froggy Factory LoRa

IMST IM880A-L is based on

HopeRF RFM series

Adeunis ARF8030AA- Lo868

(non exhaustive list)!

Or build your own one:

LoRa Mote from Semtech

Microchip LoRa mote

SODAQ Tatu with LoraBee (Embit)

Some other long-range

Figures and table from Libelium

Time on air for various

LoRaWAN R1.0 specification:!

q Class B - bi-directional end-devices with scheduled receive

q Class C - bi-directional end-devices with maximal receive slots:

Existing LoRa gateways

q Our low-cost gateway with Activity Time Sharing

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