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    Canada's 41 Parliament: Still A Vertical Mosaic?

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    Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP)
    From the IRPP event: Electoral and civic involvement of Canada's immigrant communities http://irpp.org/irpp-event/electoral-and-civic-involvement-of-canadas-immigrant-communities/

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    Canada's 41 Parliament: Still A Vertical Mosaic?

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    Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP)
    88 views12 pages
    From the IRPP event: Electoral and civic involvement of Canada's immigrant communities http://irpp.org/irpp-event/electoral-and-civic-involvement-of-canadas-immigrant-communities/

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    Tossutti-Hilderman

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    From the IRPP event: Electoral and civic involvement of Canada's immigrant communities http://irpp.org/irpp-event/electoral-and-civic-involvement-of-canadas-immigrant-communities/

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    Canada's 41 Parliament: Still A Vertical Mosaic?

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    Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP)
    From the IRPP event: Electoral and civic involvement of Canada's immigrant communities http://irpp.org/irpp-event/electoral-and-civic-involvement-of-canadas-immigrant-communities/

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    st

    41

    Canadas
    Parliament: Still a
    Vertical Mosaic?
    IRPP Workshop,
    October 25, 2013
    Dr. Livianna Tossutti,
    Brock University
    Jane Hilderman,
    Samara
    DATE:
    October 25, 2013

    Why A Diverse Parliament Matters


    1. Descriptive Representation

    2. Substantive
    Representation

    Visible Minority MPs & Candidates


    Visible Minority Representation (%) 1993 to 2011

    20
    18
    16
    14
    12
    10
    8
    6
    4
    2
    0

    Population
    MPs
    Candidates

    1993 1997 2000 2004 2006 2008 2011

    Explaining Representation Patterns


    A number of barriers to increased representation of
    visible minorities in elected office have been raised:

    Political System and Media

    Recruitment and Selection Process

    Candidate Supply

    Voter Preferences

    Representation Imperative

    Methods
    Research Q: Following a fairly significant shake up in 2011, how does the 41st
    Parliament fare in terms of visible minority MPs? And of foreign-born MPs?
    Data collection: MP demographic details collected through MPs websites and
    the Parl.gc.ca website. Data is current to September 2013 with exception of
    Committee Chairs.
    Analysis: Summary Statistics and Proportionality Index (PI), which measures a
    groups share within a sub-population relative to their presence in a corresponding
    benchmark population.
    Groups
    MP Cohort
    Party Caucuses
    Party Leaders & Deputies
    Cabinet & Shadow Cabinets
    Parliamentary Secretaries
    Committee Chairs & Vice Chairs
    Political officers of Parliament

    Population Benchmark
    Canadian Population
    Canadian Population
    House of Commons
    Party Caucuses
    Party Caucus (CPC)
    House of Commons
    House of Commons

    41st Parliament: Visible Minority MPs

    28 MPs = 9% of
    Parliament

    vs.

    19% of Canadian
    population

    Visible minority MPs across the parties

    NDP: 14% (14/100 MPs)

    CPC: 7% (11/163 MPs)

    LPC: 6% (2/34 MPs)

    Visible Minority MPs Appointments


    1.6
    Proportionality Index Score

    1.4
    1.2
    1.0
    0.8
    0.6
    0.4
    0.2
    0.0

    41st Parliament (September 2013)


    Score 1.0 = mirror rep.
    Score -1.0 = underrep.
    Score +1.0= overrep.

    Foreign-born MPs

    40 MPs = 13% of
    Parliament

    vs.

    20% of Canadian
    population

    Foreign Born MPs Appointments


    Proportionality Index Score

    1.6
    1.4
    1.2
    1.0
    0.8
    0.6
    0.4
    0.2
    0.0

    41st Parliament (September 2013)


    Score 1.0 = mirror rep.
    Score -1.0 = underrep.
    Score +1.0= overrep.

    Note:
    Left of pair = visible minority
    Right of pair = foreign born

    Final observations
    1

    Progress: Growing representation of visible minorities


    among MPs over past 30 years; 2011 federal election saw a
    new zenith in #s.

    Opportunity & Challenge: The next federal election will


    elect 30 additional MPs: this represents both a huge
    opportunity for these communities, but there are barriers.

    Climbing the Ladder: Once elected, many visible minority


    (and foreign-born) MPs are obtaining positions of seniority
    (Present cabinet is a success story) though some powerful
    roles, like party leadership, remain elusive for visible
    minorities.

    Annex: Overlap?

    17 MPs were both born outside of Canada &


    are visible minorities = 6% of Parliament

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