Cold War

THE COLD WAR
SEC. 1: FROM WWII TO COLD WAR
SUPERPOWERS
Superpower: a nation strong
enough to influence the acts and
policies of other nations
United States capitalism
Soviet Union socialism
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

It was called the Cold War because the
term "cold" meant that there was no
large-scale fighting directly between
the two superpowers.
Although, there were major regional
wars, proxy wars, that were supported
by the two sides.
THE UNITED NATIONS

April 1945, delegates from 50 nations met in San
Francisco to draft a charter for the United Nations.
International Organization to ensure peace.
UN Charter: each member nation had 1 vote in
General Assembly
Security Council: smaller body of nations who had the
right to veto any council decision
SOVIETS TAKE OVER EASTERN EUROPE

Stalin sets up "satellite" governments in
Eastern European countries of: Albania,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania,
Yugoslavia, and East Germany.
Stalin does this after promising "free elections"
at the Yalta Conference.
U.S. POLICY OF CONTAINMENT

Faced with the communist threat from the Soviets, Truman decided it
was time to "stop babying the Soviets"
In February 1946, George Kennan, an American diplomat in Moscow,
proposed a policy of containment.
Containment meant the U.S. would prevent any further extension of
the communist rule.
"IRON CURTAIN"
Europe was now divided into two
political regions; a mostly
democratic Western Europe and
a communist Eastern Europe.
Winston Churchill in his 1946
speech said, "An iron curtain has
descended across the continent"
The phrase came to stand for
the division of Europe
THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE

The American policy of "containment" soon expanded into a policy
known as the "Truman Doctrine".
This doctrine, first used in Greece and Turkey in the late 1940's, vowed
to provide aid (money and supplies) to support "free people's who are
resisting outside pressures".
By 1950, the U.S. Had given $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey.
THE MARSHALL PLAN

Post-war Europe was devastated economically.
In June 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall proposed a U.S. aid
package to European nations.
Western Europe accepted the help, while Eastern Europe rejected the
aid.
Over the next four years 16 European Countries received $17,000
million in U.S. aid.
By 1952 Western Europe's economy was flourishing.
THE COLD WAR

SEC 2: THE COLD WAR HEATS UP
CHINESE CIVIL WAR

After WWII, the Chinese Civil War resumed
between Mao Zedongs communists and
Jiang Jieshis nationalist party.
The Soviet Union supported the communists
and the U.S. supported the nationalists.
Despite the U.S. sending millions in aid; the
communist win the civil war
Maos establishes the Peoples Republic of
China
AMERICA IN DISBELIEF
The American public was shocked that China had
fallen to Communism. (Probably because they sent
millions of dollars to the Nationalists of China for it
not to happen.)
Many believed that Containment had failed and
that Communism was expanding.
American fear of Communism and Communist
expansion was increasing.
THE KOREAN WAR

Japan ruled over Korea from 1910 to
the end of WWII in 1945.
North Korea quickly becomes a
communist ally of the Soviet Union.
South Korea surrenders to America.
2 Nations:
North Korea (Communists)
South Korea (Democratic)
THE KOREAN WAR

North Korea attacks South Korea.
On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces
swept across the 38th parallel in a
surprise attack South Korea.
The United States only had 500 troops
in South Korea, the Soviets figured the
United States would not fight to save
South Korea.
THE KOREAN WAR

America sends troops, planes, and ships to South
Korea.
General McArthur launches a counter-attack with
tanks, artillery, and troops.
Many North Koreans surrendered; other fled across
the 38th parallel.
The U.N. forces pushed northward, all the way
back to the Chinese borders.
AMERICA VS. CHINA

Just as it looked like the Americans were
going to get a win in the North, 300,000
Chinese soldiers joined the North
Koreans.
The Korean Wars main opponents now
were: Communist China and America.
The Korean War turned into a stalemate.
1953: both sides signed and an
armistice, or ending to fighting.
COLD WAR
SEC 3: THE COLD WAR AT HOME
IS THERE COMMUNISM IN THE U.S?

Yes! At the height of WWII, about 80,000 Americans claimed
membership to the Communist Party.
The United States takes action by President Trumans Loyalty
Review Board, that was set up to investigate federal
employees and dismiss those disloyal to the United State
government.
The most known anti-communist campaign was senator
Joseph McCarthys Witch Hunt.
McCarthy made claims that 205 state department members
were in support of the communist party.
THE COLD WAR

SEC 4: TWO NATIONS LIVING ON THE EDGE: CUBA
FIDEL CASTRO
Cuban revolutionary,
politician, and President
(1979-2008)
First Secretary of the
Communist Party of Cuba
(1961-2011)
Internationally, was the
Secretary-General of the
Non-Aligned Movement
(1979-1983 & 2006-2008)
CUBAS REVOLUTION
In 1959, Castro led a small guerrilla

army to victory.
Castro declared Cuba as a one-party
communist state.
Castro began seeking aid from the
Soviet Union.
This alarms the United States.
BAY OF PIGS (1961)
Was an unsuccessful
attempt by U.S. backed
Cuban exiles to overthrow
the government under
Castro.
Increasing friction between
the U.S. and Castros
communist regime led
President Eisenhower to cut
diplomatic relations with
Cuba and enforce an
embargo.
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

Castro began seeking further aid from the
Soviet Union.
In 1962, the Soviet Union was behind in the
arms race with America.
April 1962: the Soviet Union secretly
installed nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90
miles from Florida!
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
October 1962, J.F.K. set up

naval blockade to Cuba and
demanded the Soviets to
remove the missiles from
Cuba.
The two superpowers stood
on the brink of nuclear war.
Soviets agree to back down
and remove the missiles
from Cuba.
Crisis adverted! Thanks,
J.F.K.!
THE COLD WAR

SEC 5: END OF THE COLD WAR & THE U.S.S.R. DISSOLVES
THE SLOW THAW

In 1969, Nixon began
negotiations with the Soviet
Union on SALT I, or the Strategic
Arms Limitation Treaty
Agreement.
SALT I froze the number of
ballistic missile launchers at
existing levels.
SALT I was the first effort
between the U.S. & U.S.S.R. to
stop the increase of nuclear
weapons.
THE SLOW THAW
SALT II was the another

round of talks between the
U.S. & U.S.S.R. (1972-1979)
SALT II sought to reduce the
manufacturing of nuclear
weapons.
SALT II was the first nuclear
treaty seeking real
reductions in strategic
forces to 2,250 of all
categories on both sides.
GORBACHEV RESOLUTION
Gorbachev becomes Soviet
Premier and realizes that the
U.S.S.R. can not compete with
the West.
Gorbachev recognizes there is
increasing unrest in his country.
Gorbachev comes up with a
resolution to reform the U.S.S.R.
Glasnot
Perestrokia
GLASNOT
Freedom on speech and free elections.
1989reformist politicians swept into power.
Unwittingly unleashed emotions and political feelings that had been
pent up for decades.
PERESTROKIA
Economic reform and rebuilding (complete economic restructuring)
Opening to more free market capitalism
Did not have the immediate results Gorbachev had hoped for and
publicly predicted
Unsuccessful bureaucratic corruption
People used free speech to criticize Gorbachev
U.S.S.R. DISSOLVES
On Dec. 21, 1991, the presidents of Russia, Ukraine,
and Belavezha Accords declaring the U.S.S.R. and
established the Common Wealth of Independent
States in its place.
On Dec. 25, 1991, yielded as president of the
U.S.S.R., declaring it extinct. He turns power over to
Boris Yeltsin, president of Russia.
The following day, the Supreme Soviet, the highest
governmental body of the Soviet Union, recognized
the collapse of the Soviet Union and dissolved itself.

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THE COLD WAR

SEC. 1: FROM WWII TO COLD WAR

ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

THE UNITED NATIONS

SOVIETS TAKE OVER EASTERN EUROPE

U.S. POLICY OF CONTAINMENT

THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE

THE MARSHALL PLAN

THE COLD WAR

CHINESE CIVIL WAR

THE KOREAN WAR

THE KOREAN WAR

THE KOREAN WAR

AMERICA VS. CHINA

IS THERE COMMUNISM IN THE U.S?

THE COLD WAR

In 1959, Castro led a small guerrilla

BAY OF PIGS (1961)

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

October 1962, J.F.K. set up

THE COLD WAR

THE SLOW THAW

THE SLOW THAW

SALT II was the another

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