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    This article summarizes techniques for solving ordinary differential equations. It provides examples of solving first order separable differential equations by separating the variables and integrating both sides. Methods include solving equations of the form y' = f(x)g(y) by making substitutions to separate the variables and solving equations of the form x2y' = (ax + b)y by taking the logarithm of both sides.

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    This article summarizes techniques for solving ordinary differential equations. It provides examples of solving first order separable differential equations by separating the variables and integrating both sides. Methods include solving equations of the form y' = f(x)g(y) by making substitutions to separate the variables and solving equations of the form x2y' = (ax + b)y by taking the logarithm of both sides.

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    This article summarizes techniques for solving ordinary differential equations. It provides examples of solving first order separable differential equations by separating the variables and integrating both sides. Methods include solving equations of the form y' = f(x)g(y) by making substitutions to separate the variables and solving equations of the form x2y' = (ax + b)y by taking the logarithm of both sides.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views2 pages

    Series

    Uploaded by

    tempinbox4198
    This article summarizes techniques for solving ordinary differential equations. It provides examples of solving first order separable differential equations by separating the variables and integrating both sides. Methods include solving equations of the form y' = f(x)g(y) by making substitutions to separate the variables and solving equations of the form x2y' = (ax + b)y by taking the logarithm of both sides.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 2

    Ordinary Differential Equations

    Lam Meng Hwee


    National University of Singapore
    September 30, 2010

    Abstract
    This article gives a summary of the various techniques to solve ordinary differential equations.

    1 First Order Differential Equations


    1.1 Separable Equations
    Example
    Solve y 0 = −2xy, y(0) = 1.

    1 dy
    = −2x
    y dx
    Z Z
    1
    dy = −2xdx + c
    y
    ln y = −x2 + c
    2
    y = Ce−x

    By substituting the intial values, we get C = 1.


    2
    Therefore, the equation is y = e−x .

    Example
    Solve 2xyy 0 + x2 − y 2 = 0.

    dy y 2 − x2
    =
    dx 2xy
    y 2
    
    x −1
    = y
    
    2 x

    1
    Let u = xy . Then y 0 = u0 x + u, and thus

    u2 − 1
    u0 x + u =
    2u
    du u2 + 1
    x=−
    Z dx Z 2u
    1 1
    =⇒ − u2 +1
    du = dx
    2u
    x
    Z
    2u
    − du = ln |x|
    u2 + 1
    2
    −ln u + 1 + c = ln |x|
    c1
    2
    =x
    u +1
    c1  y 2
    = u2 + 1 = +1
    x x
    ∴ c1 x = y 2 + x2

    Example
    Solve x2 y 0 = (5x + 1) y.

    x2 y 0 = (5x + 1) y
    1 dy 5x + 1
    =
    y dx x2
    5 1
    ln |y| = ln |x| − + c
    2 x
    5 1
    |y| = C|x| 2 e− x

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