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    A Report On Energy, Its Production and Consumption in World and Pakistan

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    raowaleedahmad
    This document discusses energy production and consumption in the world and Pakistan. It provides statistics on various types of energy resources like fossil fuels, renewable resources, and units of energy like joules and BTUs. It also shares data on per capita electricity consumption in different countries and the breakdown of Pakistan's energy consumption and coal consumption by sector from 2002-2008. The major findings are that worldwide 38.3% of energy comes from burning fossil fuels, and in Pakistan the largest energy consumer is the domestic sector at 45%. Coal use has declined in power and coke but increased significantly in cement.

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    A Report On Energy, Its Production and Consumption in World and Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    raowaleedahmad
    14 views5 pages
    This document discusses energy production and consumption in the world and Pakistan. It provides statistics on various types of energy resources like fossil fuels, renewable resources, and units of energy like joules and BTUs. It also shares data on per capita electricity consumption in different countries and the breakdown of Pakistan's energy consumption and coal consumption by sector from 2002-2008. The major findings are that worldwide 38.3% of energy comes from burning fossil fuels, and in Pakistan the largest energy consumer is the domestic sector at 45%. Coal use has declined in power and coke but increased significantly in cement.

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    Report 12

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    This document discusses energy production and consumption in the world and Pakistan. It provides statistics on various types of energy resources like fossil fuels, renewable resources, and units of energy like joules and BTUs. It also shares data on per capita electricity consumption in different countries and the breakdown of Pakistan's energy consumption and coal consumption by sector from 2002-2008. The major findings are that worldwide 38.3% of energy comes from burning fossil fuels, and in Pakistan the largest energy consumer is the domestic sector at 45%. Coal use has declined in power and coke but increased significantly in cement.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    14 views5 pages

    A Report On Energy, Its Production and Consumption in World and Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    raowaleedahmad
    This document discusses energy production and consumption in the world and Pakistan. It provides statistics on various types of energy resources like fossil fuels, renewable resources, and units of energy like joules and BTUs. It also shares data on per capita electricity consumption in different countries and the breakdown of Pakistan's energy consumption and coal consumption by sector from 2002-2008. The major findings are that worldwide 38.3% of energy comes from burning fossil fuels, and in Pakistan the largest energy consumer is the domestic sector at 45%. Coal use has declined in power and coke but increased significantly in cement.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    A report on energy, its production and consumption in

    World and Pakistan


    Energy
    Energy is the capacity of a physical system to do work. The common symbol for
    energy is the uppercase letter E.
    Energy is the property of every physical system ,describing its ability to perform
    work. When energy is released it is converted to either work or another form of energy
    such that sum of work and other forms of energy is conserved.
    Units
    Joule:-
    The joule (pronounced DJOOL) is the standard unit of energy in electronics and
    general scientific applications.
    One joule is defined as the amount of energy exerted when a force of one newton
    is applied over a displacement of one meter.
    One joule is the equivalent of one watt of power radiated or dissipated for one
    second.
    One joule is the work done need to lift a 1 kg mass to a height of 10.194 cm or
    work needed to bring to a halt of 1 kg mass moving at speed of 1 m/s.
    Erg :-
    The erg is the standard unit of energy in the centimeter-gram-second (cgs) or
    small-unit metric system.
    It is an amount of energy equivalent to that expended by a force of one dyne
    acting over a distance of one centimeter 1 erg = 10-7 J =1gcm²/s²
    Calorie:-
    It is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of distilled water by
    1 kelvin(K) at sea level and at normal temperature (15°) 1 cal = 4.184 J
    Btu:-
    It represents the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of
    one pound of pure liquid water by one degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which
    water has its greatest density (39 degrees Fahrenheit).
    A Btu is equivalent to approximately 1055 joules (or 1055 watt-seconds) and 252
    calorie.
    Tonne of oil equivalent:-
    The tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy the amount of energy released
    by burning one tonne of crude oil, approximately 42 GJ.
    1 toe = 7.4 barrel of oil equivalent (boe). This is a volumetric unit of energy.
    Tonne petroleum equivalent:-
    1 tonne petroleum equivalent (TPE) energy is equal to 45.217 GJ.

    Types of energy resources:-

    There are generally three types of energy or energy resources.


    i. Non-renewable energy resource
    ii. Renewable energy resource

    1. Non-renewable energy resource:


    An energy resource that is not replaced or is replaced only very slowly by natural
    processes is called non-renewable energy resource.
    Primary examples of non-renewable energy resources are the fossil fuels--oil,
    natural gas, and coal.
    Fossil fuels are continually produced by the decay of plant and animal matter, but
    the rate of their production is extremely slow, very much slower than the rate at
    which we use them. Any non-renewable energy resources that we use are not
    replaced in a reasonable amount of time (our lifetime, our children's lifetime,...)
    and are thus considered "used up", not available to us again.

    2. Renewable energy resource:


    An energy resource that is replaced rapidly by natural processes. Some
    examples of renewable energy resources are sunlight, hydropower (water falling
    through a dam), solar energy, wave power and wind power .Water above the dam
    is continually replaced by rainfall.
    World production of electricity by source and consumption
    Per capita (in kwh)

    In the world 38.3% energy is obtained by burning of coal , wood and vegetation ,19%
    through hydro power , 17.5% by nuclear , 14.9% by gas , 9.9% by oil , 0.4% by wind ,
    solar etc.
    In USA 11753 kwh is the consumption per capita ,In JAPAN 6176 kwh , In
    SINGAPORE 889 kwh ,In MALYSIA 1146 kwh , In IRAN 724 kwh , THILAND 636
    kwh , In CHINA 448 kwh , In PAKISTAN 340 , In INDIA 292 kwh.
    There are 2.5 billion people in the world without access of electricity.
    Conclusion;-
    We have seen that as we move to the developed countries the electricity
    consumption is increasing per capita.
    The china has low consumption per capita due to its abundant population it does
    not mean that china is not developed. This is the same case for some other countries like
    India.
    Five Years of Energy Consumption by sector
    (2003-2008)

    The total energy consumption in the country during 2002-3 was 52655 GWH(Gega Watt
    Hour). Where as the total energy consumption during the year 2007-8 was 73400 GWH.
    The energy consume by the major sectors during the year 2002-3 and 2007-8 is tabled
    below,
    Sector 2002-3(%) 2007-8(%) Status(%)
    Commercial 6.1% 7.5% 1.4% (INC.)
    Industrial 30.7% 28.2% 2.5% (DEC.)
    Agricultural 11.4% 11.5% 0.1% (INC.)
    Domestic 44.9% 45.9% 1% (INC.)
    Bulk supplies 6.3% 5.9% 0.4% (DEC.)
    Others 0.6% 0.8% 0.2% (INC.).
    This table shows that we consume the major portion of energy for house hold purposes
    which is about 45%. Moreover it is increasing day by day.

    The others row shows energy consumed for street lights and for traction etc. which have
    been increased by 0.2% (from 0.6% to 0.8%).A number of roads and streets have been
    enlightened in this time interval.
    Agricultural which is participating abundantly in the GDPA of the country is consuming
    only 11.5% with a increase of 0.1% only.
    Our industry is consuming energy up to 28.2% with a decrease of 2.5%. The decrease
    in consumption of energy in industrial unit is due to wrong policies which our
    government has made. The new industrial units are not establishing due to these wrong
    policies.
    Five years of Coal Consumption by sector

    Coal is very important mineral source of energy. In Pakistan it is generally not of good
    quality. So it was firstly used in brick kilns for making bricks, but in recent it is
    frequently used in cement industry also. Infect more then 50% coal is used in cement
    industry. Detail consumption of coal in 2002-3 to 2007-8 is tabled below.
    Total coal consumption in 2002-3=4.89 million tone
    Total coal consumption in 2007-8=10.11 million tone

    Sector 2002-3(%) 2007-8(%) Inc./Dec. (%)


    Power 4.2% 1.6% 2.6% (DEC.)
    Coke use 22.9% 4.6% 18.3% (DEC.)
    Domestic 0% 0% 0%
    Brick kilns 53.3% 37.2% 16.1% (DEC.)
    Cement 19.6% 56.6% 37% (INC.)
    Conclusion:-
    It can be observed from above data that more then 93% coal was used in brick
    kilns and in cement industry.
    Its use for power production has been decreased up to 2.6% from the year 2002-3
    to 2007-8 due to the reason that some of the coal power stations were locked Due to its
    cheap quality and high production price.
    Petroleum products consumption by sector in 2007-8

    Total consumption=18.08 million tones


    Transport=51.9%
    Agricultural=0.6%
    Industry=5.9%
    Domestic=0.7%
    Power=39.2%
    Other Government=1.7%

    Natural gas consumption(by sector) in 2007-8


    Total consumption=1275 billion cu. Ft.
    Commercial=2.7%
    Domestic=16%
    Transport (CNG)=5.6%
    Power=33.7%
    Fertilizer (feed Stock)=3.1%
    Fertilizer (fuel)=12.6%
    Cement=1%
    General industry=25.3%

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