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Molecules of Halogen Group 17 Elements

Group 17 elements are known as halogens. They exist as diatomic molecules that are non-metals with 7 valence electrons. Their atomic radius increases down the group as they become less reactive and electronegative. They are insulators, poor heat conductors, and have low melting and boiling points that increase down the group due to stronger intermolecular forces. They are chemically reactive but their reactivity decreases down the group. They react with water to form acids and with sodium hydroxide to form salts. Safety precautions are needed since they are poisonous gases.

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24 views5 pages

Molecules of Halogen Group 17 Elements

Group 17 elements are known as halogens. They exist as diatomic molecules that are non-metals with 7 valence electrons. Their atomic radius increases down the group as they become less reactive and electronegative. They are insulators, poor heat conductors, and have low melting and boiling points that increase down the group due to stronger intermolecular forces. They are chemically reactive but their reactivity decreases down the group. They react with water to form acids and with sodium hydroxide to form salts. Safety precautions are needed since they are poisonous gases.

Uploaded by

Syihan Manaf
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Molecules of Halogen

Group 17 elements

 Group 17 elements are known as halogens


 Exist as diatomic molecules (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 and At2)
 Non-metals
 Atomic radius (atomic size) – increases (going down the group)
 The outermost shell of the atoms (F, Cl, Br, I and At) have 7 valence electrons
 Good oxidising agents
 Very reactive – decreases (going down the group)
 Very electronegative – decreases (going down the group)

Element Electron arrangement of atom


Fluorine / F 2.7
Chlorine / Cl 2.8.7
Bromine / Br 2.8.18.7
Iodine / I 2.8.18.18.7
Astatine / At 2.8.18.32.18.7

Physical properties

 Non-metals
 Insulators of electricity
 Poor conductors of heat
 Low melting point and boiling point
 Melting point and boiling point increases (going down the group) – molecular size increases / forces of attraction
between molecules become stronger & more heat energy is required to overcome the stronger forces of attraction
(Van der Waals’ forces of attraction between molecules).
 Colour: F2 (pale yellow gas), Cl2 (greenish-yellow gas), Br2 (reddish-brown liquid), I2 (purplish-black solid)
and At2 (black solid – rarest naturally occurring element and extremely radioactive)
 Low density
 Density of element increases (going down the group) – increase in atomic mass

Chemical properties

 Chemically reactive
 Reactivity decreases (down the group) – how easily it can gain one (single) more valence electron to achieve
stable (octet) electron arrangement
 React with water – produce two acids
 React with hot iron – produce brown solids iron(III) halides
 React with sodium hydroxide NaOH solution – produce water and two types of sodium salts (sodium halide and
sodium halite(I))

Safety precautions

 Poisonous gas
 Wear safety goggles and gloves
 Handle in the fume cupboard

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