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    Hatom

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    stosicdusan
    The document summarizes the probability distribution of finding an electron at a given distance from the nucleus in a hydrogen atom. It provides the probability function P(r) and asks to: 1) Plot P(r) and find its maximum, which corresponds to the radius of the first Bohr orbit. 2) Calculate the probability of finding the electron between 0 and 2 times the Bohr radius. 3) Find the radius where there is a 90% probability of the electron being within that distance. The response provides the solutions to each part through algebraic manipulations and plotting of the probability function P(r).

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    Hatom

    Uploaded by

    stosicdusan
    29 views3 pages
    The document summarizes the probability distribution of finding an electron at a given distance from the nucleus in a hydrogen atom. It provides the probability function P(r) and asks to: 1) Plot P(r) and find its maximum, which corresponds to the radius of the first Bohr orbit. 2) Calculate the probability of finding the electron between 0 and 2 times the Bohr radius. 3) Find the radius where there is a 90% probability of the electron being within that distance. The response provides the solutions to each part through algebraic manipulations and plotting of the probability function P(r).

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    hatom

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    The document summarizes the probability distribution of finding an electron at a given distance from the nucleus in a hydrogen atom. It provides the probability function P(r) and asks to: 1) Plot P(r) and find its maximum, which corresponds to the radius of the first Bohr orbit. 2) Calculate the probability of finding the electron between 0 and 2 times the Bohr radius. 3) Find the radius where there is a 90% probability of the electron being within that distance. The response provides the solutions to each part through algebraic manipulations and plotting of the probability function P(r).

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views3 pages

    Hatom

    Uploaded by

    stosicdusan
    The document summarizes the probability distribution of finding an electron at a given distance from the nucleus in a hydrogen atom. It provides the probability function P(r) and asks to: 1) Plot P(r) and find its maximum, which corresponds to the radius of the first Bohr orbit. 2) Calculate the probability of finding the electron between 0 and 2 times the Bohr radius. 3) Find the radius where there is a 90% probability of the electron being within that distance. The response provides the solutions to each part through algebraic manipulations and plotting of the probability function P(r).

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 3

    HATOM

    In the Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom the electron is in a circular orbit of radius rb, 4rb, 9rb,..................,
    where the radius of the first orbit is 52.92 pm. In the quantum theory the electron is not confined to
    particular circular orbits; instead there is a certain probability that the electron will be found between
    distance r and r+dr from the nucleus. For the ground state (lowest possible electron energy) this probability
    is given by P(r)dr=4rb^(-3)*r^2*exp(-2r/rb)*dr.

    (a) For a ground state electron, make a plot of the probability function P versus the distance r of the electron
    from the nucleus.

    (b) In order to find the most probable electron-nucleus distance r, differentiate P with respect to r and set
    equal to zero. How does the most probable value of r compare with the radius rb of the first Bohr orbit? Is
    your graph in agreement?

    (c) Calculate the probability of finding the electron between r=0 and 2rb .

    (d) Find the radius of a sphere which a ground state electron would spend 90% of its time inside

    Solution:
    > restart;

    Part A

    Probability function.
    > P:=4/(rb^3)*r^2*exp(-2*r/rb);
     r 
     −2 
    2  rb 
    r e
    P := 4
    rb3
    Substitute rb into P;
    > rb=5292*10^(-2);
    1323
    rb =
    25
    > P:=subs(rb=1323/25,P);
     50 
     − r 
    62500  1323 
    P := r2 e
    2315685267
    Plot graph of P vs r
    > plot(P,r=0..250,title=`Probability Function P vs Distance r`);

    Page 1
    Part B

    Find the derivative of P with respect to r.


    > der:=diff(P,r);
     50   50 
     − r   − r 
    125000  1323  3125000  1323 
    der := re − 2
    r e
    2315685267 3063651608241

    Set derivative equal to zero and solve for r.


    > sol:=solve(der=0,r);
    1323
    sol := 0,
    25
    > evalf(sol);
    0, 52.92000000

    Part C

    Find area under P(r) curve between r=0 and 2*rb.

    > rb:=1323/25;
    1323
    rb :=
    25
    > Prb:=int(P,r=0..2*rb);
    Prb := −13 e( -4 ) + 1
    > evalf(Prb); Page 2
    .7618966944

    Part D

    Find radius of sphere for which there is a 90% probability of finding the electron inside .

    > ans:=int(P,r=0..a);
     50   50   50 
     − a   − a   − a 
    1250  1323  50  1323   1323 
    ans := − 2
    a e − ae −e +1
    1750329 1323
    > fsolve(ans=.9,a);
    140.8285961

    Page 3

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