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Lecture09 Review

This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on solidification kinetics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It discusses how solidification rates are controlled by heat removal, and how solidification modes depend on factors like heat extraction rate and alloy content. It also describes how constitutional supercooling can lead to interface shape instability during alloy solidification, resulting in cellular and dendritic crystal growth. Dendrites tend to grow parallel within grains during solidification of a casting.

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Kanchan Kumari
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29 views1 page

Lecture09 Review

This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on solidification kinetics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It discusses how solidification rates are controlled by heat removal, and how solidification modes depend on factors like heat extraction rate and alloy content. It also describes how constitutional supercooling can lead to interface shape instability during alloy solidification, resulting in cellular and dendritic crystal growth. Dendrites tend to grow parallel within grains during solidification of a casting.

Uploaded by

Kanchan Kumari
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Department of Materials Science and Engineering


77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307

3.205 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of MaterialsFall 2006 November 28, 2006 Kinetics Lecture 9: Solidication

Lecture References
1. Balluf, Allen, and Carter, Kinetics of Materials, Section 20.3, Morphological Stability of Moving Interfaces, and Chapter 22, Solidication. 2. Porter and Easterling, Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Van Nostrand Reinhold (Interna tional), Wokingham, 1988, pp. 213222, on alloy solidication. 3. M.C. Flemings Solidication Processing, Mc-Graw Hill, 1974. This is a very good reference on solidication.

Key Concepts
Solidication rates are controlled by the rate of removal of latent heat from the solidifying material. Solidication modes are governed by a variety of factors, including the rate of heat extraction, alloy content, and available sites for nucleation of the solid. A typical solidication process involves heat extraction through a mold wall from liquid that is ini tially above its melting temperature. In pure materials, this will result in a stable solid/liquid interface shape. In alloy solidication, constitutional supercooling may occurparticularly when the temper ature gradient in the liquid is shallow. Solidication into an undercooled melt promotes interface shape instability, even in a pure material. Solid/liquid interface shape instability results in the formation of cellular and dendritic crystal growth forms. Dendrites have the shape of r trees, often with well-formed branches and sub-branches. In a given region of a casting, dendrites tend to grow parallel to one another in the same crystallo graphic orientation. When the region is entirely solidied, it forms a single grain. Thus, the grain size in a casting that solidies dendritically is much larger than the dendrite spacing within a grain. The solute segregation that occurs during dendritic alloy solidication remains in the resulting solid. If the alloy composition lies in a range where a single solid phase is stable, the material can be homogenized, typically by a combination of forging and annealing.

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