Beginners Linux Cheat Sheets

Beginners Linux Cheat Sheets

List of topics: This document wants to be a rst aid for new Linux user. A google search will produce a huge number of link to cheat sheets, tutorial, guide and often is difcult to nd that basic command you need. This is not a tutorial nor a guide and is far to be a complete linux user reference. Is just a starting point, something you can use when you are sit in front of your terminal and you have no clue on whats next. I have decided to introduce four topics: bash, vi/vim, gnuplot and queuing systems on remote clusters. This because this collection of basic cheat sheets has been written to help visitors coming in our laboratory for a short staying. In particular for those who are not familiar with linux and computational chemistry. Bash VI/VIM

Beginners Linux Cheat Sheets Bashs basic cheat sheet mkdir - make a directory make dir more / cat / tail - display content le more le cat le tail le tail -n 20 le tail -f le > < | - operators cat le > newle cat le >> newle command < le grep string | more : display content of le bit by bit : display content of le all at once : display last 10 lines of le : display last 20 lines of le : display last 10 lines of le each time le is updated

: create dir in the current dir

cd - change dir cd / cd : go to home dir cd path/of/the/dir/u/want/to/go : move to the specied directory cd .. : go to the parent directory rm - remove rm le rm -r dir rm -f

: delete le : delete directory : delete without asking conrmation

mv - move / rename mv le newle mv le new/path mv le new/path/newle mv -f cp - copy cp le newle cp le new/path cp le new/path/newle cp -f ls - list le ls ls -l ls -a ls /other/path ls le

: redirect output of cat to newle (overwrite if newle exists, otherwise newle is created) : append output of cat to newle : redirect le into a command (e.g. a program) : use the output of grep as input of command more

: rename le in newle : move le in the specied dir : move le as newle in the specied dir : move without conrmation if overwriting

: copy le in newle : copy le in the specied dir : copy le as newle in the specied dir : copy without conrmation if overwriting

? * - wildcards rm -rf * mv le* /new/path rm -f le_00?.com

: remove all les and dirs in the current dir : move all les whose name starts for le in new/path : ? stays for every character in that position

: list content current dir : list content current dir in a detailed way : list hidden les in the current dir : st content of another dir : check if le is present in the current dir

tar / zip / gzip - archives zip/unzip le.zip gzip/gunzip le.gz tar cvf le.tar * tar xvf le.tar tar czvf le.tar.gz (or .tgz)

: create/extract compressed zip archives : create/extract compressed gzip archives : create non-compressed tar archived named le.tar of all the les and dirs in the current dir : extract tar archives : create compressed tar archives (same as gzip le.tar)

Beginners Linux Cheat Sheets tar xzvf le.tar.gz : extract compressed tar archives (same as gunzip le.tar.gz) for /do /done - do something over a loop for f in scan.*; do analyze $f -k le.key e >> anen.out ; done : perform a tinker energy analysis on all les scan.* and append the results in anen.out

ssh / scp - connect to remote server (all commands given from local server) ssh user@server : connect to server (server can be the name or the IP address) ssh -XY user@server : allows export graphical display scp le user@server:/path : copy le from local to remote server scp -r dir user@server:/path : copy dir from local to remote server scp user@server:/path/le . : copy le from remote server to local dir grep - nd a string in les grep string_to_search le : search the string in le grep -R string_to_search * : search the string in all les and directories grep -c string le | nl : search string in le and return the number of lines containing string. The output of grep is suppressed by the ag -c df - disk usage df -m

useful combination of commands commands: cp $(ls | egrep -v ^#) /where/to/copy

: copy all les except those starting with # in the specied location

&, ctrl+z, bg and fg - run in background molden & : start and run molden in background ctrl+z : suspend a running program bg : send in background a suspended program fg : bring in foreground a program running in bg && - and make all && make rename the ctrl+t - ip last two characters typed teh ctrl+t : you get the

: display disk usage in MB

: execute two commands one after other.

sed - stream editor sed 's/day/night/' <old >new paste - paste two le paste le1 le2 > out man - get help man command

: search all words day in le old and replace them with night in the new le new

: paste le1 and le2. Usefule to create multicolumn le by merging two input les. : display help for command

Bash: advanced use The bash shell is not only a place where type commands, but is a powerful and exible environment that allow you to create scripts and programs. Here some examples:

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Beginners Linux Cheat Sheets VI /VIMs cheat sheet vi is a widely used text editor, extremely powerful but usually lack of a graphical interface, which make things a little bit complicate for new user. There are two operating modes in vi: edit mode and command mode. When vi starts, you are in command mode: type i to go in edit mode and start to write. Press the escape key to return in command mode. Please, forget your mouse ;) from command mode you can go to insert mode with: i : start editing from the current position of the cursor a : start editing from the position next to the current position of the cursor shift+a : start editing from the end of the line o : insert a newline below the current line, and start editing shift+o : insert a newline above the current line, and start editing some commands in command mode: x : delete current character n dd : delete n lines starting from (and including) the current one (dd to delete 1line) shift+g : jump to the end of the le n+shift+g : jump to the nth line 1+shift+g : jump to the 1st line ctrl+g : info about le (name, current line, total line, ...) n shift+y : yank n lines starting from (and including) the current one (Y to yank 1 line) p : past yanked or deleted lines below the current line shift+p : past yanked or deleted lines above the current line . : repeat last command or text entry u : undo last command /string : search string in le. type n to jump to the next occurrence, shift+n to jump to the previous occurrence :1,$s/string/string2/ : replace string1 with string2 in all the le :n,ms /string/string2/ : replace string1 with string2 from line n to line m :sp : split horizontally the current vi windows in two :vsp : split vertically the current vi windows in two ctrl+w up/down/left/right : change active window (if window has been split) :e le : open a le /create new le save, quit, open (command mode): :w : write (save) :w! : overwrite an existing le :q : quit :q! : quit without saving :wq : save and quit visual block (command mode) ctrl+v : select part of a le (move with the cursor) and then you can use dd, Y, x, ... Ask google to tell you more about vi, or ask man, or have a look into the doc directory of your crunchvm.

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