EXECTUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The process of development requires growth in flow rates of materials and energy consumption. With increasing urbanization , there is increase in production demand & resource construction. The brick making industry (BMI), though a small scale industry, is an important component in this regard with about 8% of total coal consumption (24 million tonnes annually), employing 60-80 lakh people and rapidly consuming best soils for agricultural produce in India(4-8 ha fertile land per kiln annual). This industry affects the social aspect (labour and poorwork conditions), depends upon age old technology and thrives as a function of growth of the city. Hence there is a need to recognize its environmental implications bearing in mind the productivity and regenerative capacity of the region supporting the BMI. The aim of this thesis is Environmental Management and Planning of Brick kilns and Surrounding Areas. The case study area is peri urban fringe of Jalandhar city, Punjab. Four objectives have been identified for the study as follows: 1. To analyse pattern of natural resource exhaustion in the various types of brick kilns. 2. To conduct Environmental Assessment of brick kilns. 3. To propose efficient resource utilization and suggest measures to mitigate environmental pollution from the kilns. 4. Suggest planning criteria for management of defunct Kilns (Alternative use of these sites in Master Plan) and location of new brick kilns. The various Urban Development Components, for which data base (primary and secondary) has to be collected is discussed under the section Field Surveys. The report has been organized in parts. Part one comprises of chapters, giving the Data Analysis of various aspects. The chapters are further supported by appendices giving Survey Formats & Terminology. Chapter 1 gives an Introduction to the concept of Outline Development Plan and Aim and Objectives of this exercise. Under the Chapter 2 Location of the town, its Historical Background Regional Setting, Topography and Land Utilization, Linkages & Demographic Characteristics have been discussed. The Importance of Lonavala in its Regional Settings and its contribution has been studied. Chapter 3 discusses Demography and Socio- Economic Indicators

Chapter 4 gives detail of Trade, Commerce and Industries under characteristics of Formal Sector and Informal Sector. The main trade of the city is tourism. Chapter 5 gives account of History of Landuse, Evolution of City Structure (Phasewise -from 18101860, 1890 1940 & 1950 2000), Existing Landuse, Landuse Pattern under Residential, Commercial, Institutional, Public Semi Public, Transport, and Recreation. 40.38% of the area is under Residential use , 4.07% is commercial, 4.66% is under Industries, 23.23% is public and semi public, 26.42% under

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transportation & 17.24% under recreational areas. A Sector wise analysis is given for land utilization pattern in the town. Chapter 6 deals with Housing Typology, Planned development, Unplanned development, Housing Scenario , Housing Stock, Housing Shortage, Residential Area Sector Wise, Housing Density Pattern, Housing and Prevailing Land Values, Housing Tenure Status, Housing Typology and Transformation, Housing Structural Condition, Age of the Structures, Housing Suppliers of Lonavala, and Case Studies of three Housings in different areas of the town. Collection of primary data was then undertaken to study the subsystems and survey was done in the form of questionnaires, discussions, interviews and observations. The unique character of the town is the trend of weekend homes, generally owned by residents of Mumbai and Pune. Under Chapter 7 the Social and Physical Infrastructure has been discussed. Water supply, Water Sources and Capacity, Detail of Water Connections (in House hold, Bunglows, Trade and Commerce, Offices, Trusts),Quality of Water Supplied, Town Level Analysis, Source of Water at Household Level, Quality of Water, Sewerage, Solid Waste Disposal, Composition of Household Solid Waste, Electricity, Education( detail of schools, institutes, colleges) Health (Hospitals, Dispensaries, Veterinary Clinic), Public & Semi Public (Post Offices, Police Station) , socio-cultural facilities (Cremation Grounds, Multi-Purpose Hall, Library), Commercial Facilities (Markets, Cinema halls) , Recreation (Parks, Playgrounds, Open Spaces) Chapter 8 deals with Traffic and Transportation, Connectivity by Air, Road and Rail . A detail of the Primary Surveys (Reconnaissance Survey, Road Network Inventory and Cross Sectional Elements, Classified Traffic Volume Survey, Parking, Speed and Delay Survey, Pedestrian Survey) and Secondary data (Road inventory for major roads, Route and trip generation details for bus terminals , Vehicle registration, Public Transport route and traffic flow detail with fair structure, Accident data) has been given. Network Characteristics at various Nodes and Intersections have been mentioned. Traffic and Travel Characteristics includes study of Traffic at Outer Cordons & Traffic Flow at the Mid Blocks. Classified Traffic Volume Survey has been conducted at outer and inner cordon points. Observation of the Origin-Destination surveys has been mentioned with the details of the survey. Chapter 10 gives account of the Environment Status in Lonavala, Topography and Landscape, Geology and Soil Condition, Soil Conditions, Vegetation, Surface Water bodies, Regional Perspective, Urban Environment of different sectors, Environmental Protection, Environmental Thresholds and Environmental hotspots of the Town, Land Suitability Analysis. Chapter 11 gives an insight of Tourism, Urban design and Conservation details of Lonavala, purpose of Visit of the Tourists, the relevance of Lonavala as a town in the regional context in comparison with cities like Mahabaleshwar, Panchgani& Matheran. A detail about various Tourist spots, their History has been given and a ranking of these Places of interest has been given on basis of a Primary Survey. Tourist spots within the Municipal Limits are Rajmachi point, Duke's nose, Sunset point, Kune falls point, Shooting point, Ryewood Park, Walvan dam, Lonavala lake, Tungarli lake. Lonavala has tourist potential in context of the region with Karla and Bhaja caves, Lohgarh Fort, Visapur Fort , Tung and Tikona Fort nearby. The kind of accommodation & existing tourist circuits (one day and more than one day ) with preferred routes of tourists is described. Urban Structure, Urban Form, Pattern and character
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of The Nodes ( Entry/ Exit points ), Landmarks ( Religious, Historical ) and Districts ( commercial) has been discussed. The main activity in the town is related to Tourism and Weekend houses. There is mention of Conservation of Natural and Built Environment. The Image of the city has also been discussed. Part 2 of the report comprises of Problems and Potentials of Lonavala under different aspects. The major Problems are poor Infrastructure, Parking Problems , high variation in the Grain of the city, unauthorized Construction in the Core areas , Housing Shortage & economic benefit to Non Residents .The Natural Setting of the town , its scenic Beauty is the biggest asset of the town which makes Tourism a potential trade. If the resources are efficiently tapped, the town has good economic potential. Part 3 describes the City Vision Eco Sensitive Vision for Lonavala 2027. Equitable distribution of all the services and extending services into the underdeveloped areas should be the primary concern for boosting development of the city. Part 4 gives the detailed Sectoral Projections, Requirements and Proposals for Demographic Indicators, Trade, commerce and Industry, Landuse, Infrastructure, Housing, Traffic and Transportation, Environment and Tourism, Urban design & Conservation. The final concept and proposal is discussed in form of a Landuse Plan for the year 2027 where the shortcomings of the town have been dealt with.

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