Digital Object Counter

DIGITAL OBJECT COUNTER
Digital Object Counter
ABSTRACT
As automation is the next leading step in changing the traditional techniques, the means of making these changes possible is currently in trend. Automating the whole system not only reduces time, but it also saves a lot of resources and man-power. Just assume if a company has a worker employed only for counting the finished products and if this worker is replaced by a digital automatic system, then the chances of false counting, errors, etc. factors are reduced. The digital system can be made with precision and high accuracy along with a high efficiency. It thus replaces the man-power used for the simple task and thereby reduces the problems the normal employee may create. The techniques of developing such a system which replaces the old traditional method of counting objects, are vivid. The developer has to take care of the nature and the environment for which he will be creating such system. One such system which has been designed or forecasted has been introduced in quite a few areas. The Digital Object Counter using LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is a simple system which can be made into use for counting objects in the product manufacturing area of an industry, etc. Two IC555 are used in Monostable and Astable mode for respective pulse generation. The counter IC7490 is a decade counter which is used for generating the 0-9 BCD code. The IC7447 is used for driving the 7 Segment Display as it is a BCD to 7 Segment Display. As the light is blocked, a pulse is generated and given to the decade counter. It increments and generates the code and the number is displayed on the 7 segment display. This constitutes the whole Digital Object Counter system and is a very low cost and effective product.
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DIGITAL OBJECT COUNTER INTRODUCTION
The digital object counter is a cost effective and a simple system. It overcomes the problem of manual counting of objects. Everything is digital, so the signals can be used for further analysis and is compatible with other digital devices. If this system is implemented, then automation in the product counting can be achieved. Also, there is no hazardous elements used in the circuitry and hence it can be used even at hazardous atmospheres in an industrial area. The very basic use of IC7490 decade counter plays the main role of generating the BCD count signals as per the input given. Timer IC555 are used in Monostable mode and Astable mode for providing the pulses as per the input from the LDR. The LDR detects the blockage of light and gives the equivalent triggering voltage to the monostable multivibrator. The generated pulse is given to the astable multivibrator as a triggering pulse and this completes the circuit of clock generation for the decade counter IC7490.
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DIGITAL OBJECT COUNTER BLOCK DIAGRAM
Power Supply
Light LDR
Monostable Multivibrator (IC 555)
Astable Multivibrator (IC 555)
BCD to 7 Segment Display
Decade Counter (IC 7490)
(IC 7447)
7 Segment Display
Counted Output
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DIGITAL OBJECT COUNTER BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

As per the block diagram Power Supply: It is a 6V DC battery used to provide the Vcc supply to the ICs. LDR: Light Dependent Resistors are used for sensing the light intensity. Monostable Multivibrator: IC555 is used in monostable mode for providing the initial pulse. Astable Multivibrator: IC555 is used in astable mode for generating the clocking signals for the decade counter IC. Decade Counter: IC7490 is a decade counter which counts from 0-9 and provides BCD output. BCD to 7 Segment Display: IC7447 is used to convert the BCD signals into the equivalent 7 segment display signals. 7 Segment Display: Used to display the number of counts.
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DIGITAL OBJECT COUNTER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
As per the circuit diagram, the LDR receives the light signal and acts accordingly. Whenever there is light blockage, the resistance increases and the triggering signal is given to the monostable multivibrator. The monostable mutivibrator generates a high signal which activates the astable multivibrator. This astable multivibrator and the other resistors provide the clocking frequency for the decade counter. The decade counter IC7490 starts counting the signals and provides the BCD equivalent output. This BCD output is given to the seven segment display and it thus displays the equivalent counts.
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COMPONENTS USED
1. Resistors - 1k , 330 , 100k , 47k 2. Capacitors 0.01uF, 10uF 3. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) 4. 6V Battery 5. Timer IC555 (2) 6. Decade Counter IC7490 7. BCD to 7 Segment Display IC7447 8. 7 Segment Display
DECADE COUNTER IC7490
IC 7490 is a decade counter which drives input by 10 and provides BCD outputs 0 to 9, this is also called as decimal counter. This counter comprises of a divide-by 2 and divide-by 5 counters. To use as decade counter we have to cascade divide-by 2 and divide-by 5. Outputs Q0 to Q3 are BCD outputs, inputs A and B are clock inputs to the, divide-by 2 and divide-by 5 counters respectively. R01 and R02 are the reset inputs, when these are activated counter
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DIGITAL OBJECT COUNTER output goes to 0000. S91 and S92 are the set inputs to the counter, when these inputs are activated counter output goes to 1001.
REFERENCE
[1] [2] [3]

[4]
http://www.circuitstoday.com/555-timer-as-monostable-multivibrator http://www.circuitstoday.com/555-timer-as-an-astable-multivibrator http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_Dependent_Resistor

http://www.datasheetarchive.com/IC+7490-datasheet.html
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Digital Object Counter

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DIGITAL OBJECT COUNTER