Necropsy Report

Killer Whale (Orcinus-orca) Kandu V

Age 15 yrs SeaWorld of California
Name: Kandu V (female) Species: Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Source: wild capture, 10-12-1977, Ingolfshofdi coast, Iceland, age: est. 3 yrs Deceased: afternoon, 08-21-1989, SeaWorld of California, age: est. 15 yrs Reported cause of death (per NMFS MMIR data): Hemorrhage; Maxillary Bilateral Fracture Necropsy info: Gross Summary- Jim McBain, DVM (1977): 1. Fractures of the maxillae and premaxillae. 2. Laceration of the mucosa of the left nasal passage. Tentative Diagnosis- Jim McBain, DVM (1977): Death due to hypovolemic shock resulting from nasal hemorrhage associated with fractures of the maxillae and premaxillae. Conclusions- Jim McBain, DVM (1977): (after histology & clinical pathology review) A review of clinical pathology and histology findings does not reveal any factors which would have predisposed to the death of this animal. The cause of death remains as stated in the tentative diagnosis. Gross Diagnosis- Kent G. Osborn, DVM (1977): 1. Death due to hypovolemic shock associated with maxilla and premaxilla complete, comminuted, closed fracture complicated by severe hemorrhage, following trauma by enclosuremate. 2. No signs of infection or other underlying disease. Necropsy Comments- Kent G. Osborn, DVM (1977): This animal died due to shock associated with the tremendous blood loss that occurred when the upper jaw was severely fractured. Major blood vessels and highly vascular tissue within the jaw were lacerated when the fracture occurred. The site of hemorrhage was inaccessible with regard to the possibility of anyone being able to stop the bleeding, even if the animal could have immediately been handled for possible treatment.

The Orca Project Corp

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Kandu V spouts blood from her blowhole as she slowly bleeds out. More information on the incident can be found here: http://timzimmermann.com/2010/09/14/doorcas-at-marine-parks-injure-one-another/ Video of the incident: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=pXLx1SgMn7o Additional footage can be seen in the documentary A Fall from Freedom: http://vodpod.com/watch/16168786-a-fall-from-freedom-the-untold-story-behind-the-captivewhale-and-dolphin-industry?u=theorcaproject&c=documentaries

Notes: Prior to reforms of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) in 1994, holders of marine mammals for public display were required to submit necropsy reports (animal autopsy reports) for deceased animals, making the documents available to the public and scientific community. Presently, marine mammal parks in the U.S. are only required to provide a cause of death to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) which maintains Marine Mammal Inventory Reports (MMIR). Details of marine mammal deaths are now a closely guarded secret at U.S. entertainment facilities. The Orca Project acquired the following documents from the National Marine Fisheries Service (U.S.A) via the Freedom of Information Act for deaths that occurred prior to implementation of the 1994 MMPA changes. For more information visit www.theorcaproject.com
Necropsy, Autopsy, Veterinarian, NOAA, NMFS, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, MMIR, Marine Mammal Inventory Report, MMPA, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Killer Whale, Orca, Shamu, Death, Die, SeaWorld, San Diego, California, Kandu V, Kandu 5

The Orca Project Corp

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September 11, 1989 Dr. Nancy Foster Director, Office of Protected Resources and Habitat Program National Marine Fisheries Service 1335 East-West Highway, Rm. 8268 Silver Spring, MD 20910 Dear Dr. Foster: As you know, an accidental death of a female killer whale, known as Kandu, occurred on August 21, 1989, at +Sea World of California. Kandu is the mother of a 12 month old calf who was not involved in the accident. During an afternoon show, Kandu and another female whale, Corky, were stationed with their trainers in the north back pool. Kandu was signaled by her trainer to swim into the main presentation pool. She turned, as if taking the signal, opened her mouth very wide and struck Corky broadside. The two adult whales made a fast lap of the north back pool. Kandu then swam into the main presentation pool with her calf. In the main presentation pool, Kandu remained motionless at the surface facing the south back pool through a gate. At this time there was no visible blood or any other physical indication of Kandu's injury. She did nc\t respozc! tc h e r trainers. Kandr?. and h e r c e l f rr.cve6 towards the north back pool meeting'corky as she entered the main presentation pool. Kandu and Corky stirred up white water and swam a fast lap. None of the trainers present believe that the two whales made contact in the main presentation pool during this behavior. Kandu returned to the north back pool, her calf following, and Corky remained in the main presentation pool. As Kandu returned to the north back pool, she took the first observed breath since the initial impact, exhaling large amounts of blood, alerting the trainers to her injury. The veterinary and animal care staff were immediately notified of the injury. Trainers at the north back pool monitored Kandu while trainers
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Sea World, Inc. 1666 ~onnecticut Ave. NW, Suite 300 Washington, DC 20009 (202) 387-3947

Dr. Nancy Foster September 11, 1989 Paqe Two

located at the main presentation pool asked Corky several breaches. Some observers construed activity as a continuation of the show in progress in fact, it was a necessary part of assuring the being of the whales. With Corky again mindful trainer, the show was ended.

to do this when, wellof a

The veterinary staff arrived within three to four minutes of the incident and suspected a serious traumatic injury deep within the skull because of the brighr color and volume of blood wnich. suggested arterial bleeding. Still accompanied by her calf, Kandu was directed into a specially designed medical treatment pool. The purpose of her placement in this smaller pool was to diminish her activity as a means of reducing her blood pressure to induce clotting. Sadly, her condition was irreversible. As Kandu began to lapse into unconsciousness the veterinary staff concluded that her calf would be safer if the two returned to one of the larger back pools. Kandu died in a back pocl shortly afterwards, with her calf nearby. Necropsy results revealed that the conditions peculiar to the impact placed upward and backward pressure 'on Kandu"s upper. jaw, causing fractures of the maxillae (both upper jaw bones). These fractured bones lacerated, large arteries as well as the membrane lining to the nasal passage. Bleeding was rapid, leading to shock and death about 40-45 minutes after the initial impact. The interaction of the type that resulted in Kandufs injury occur both in captive environments and in the wild. Killer whales live in social groups, usually led by a dominant female. In an erfort to establish and maintain dominance, animals nip or strike others in their group. The usual result of this ritualized interaction is that the subordinate animal indicates its submissiveness and the activity ceases. Teeth scars or ltrakel1 marks are frequently left on the submissive animals. There is abundant photographic evidence of rake marks on wild killer whales caused by such interactions. While the outcome in Kandufs particular case was tragic, the behavior was normal. In the nearly 25 years Sea World has maintained killer whales, none of these interactions have had . a fatal result. We are unaware of any similar fatalities in other marine zoological parks.

Dr. Nancy Foster September 11, 1989 Pase Three

Since Sea World was founded, we have recognized above all other things our responsibility to killer whales and other wildlife in our care...not only to provide them with a safe and healthy environment and the highest level of care.. .but also to acknowledge the special trust placed in us by the public. We have never failed to pursue this responsibility to our utmost ability, and will continue to regard this as our paramount obligation. Sincerely,

Barbara D. Heffer

Director, Government Affairs Sea World, Inc.

i -- - + -- I
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S E A WORLD G R O S S NECROPSY R E P O R T

FACILITY:

Sea World of C a l i f o r n i a
O r c i n u s orca SWC-00-77 06

PROSECTOR:

J i m M c B a i n , D.V.M.

GENUS/SPECIES : I D NUMBER: D A T E O F DEATH:

AGE:

adult

SEX:

female

8/21/89

DATE O F NECROPSY:

8/2.2/89

EXTERNAL MORPHOMETRI.CS: WEIGHT: 2 0 8 7 kq 536 cm 229 cm

( m e t r i c only)

TOTAL LENGTH: G I R T H A T ANUS:

G I R T H AT AXILLA: F L U K E WIDTH:

3 1 4 cm 142 cm

GIRTH AT UMBILICUS:

314 cm

DORSAL F I N H E I G H T :

51 c m

O n t h e a f t e r n o o n of A u g u s t 2 1 , 1989, this animal initiated an altercation w i t h another f e m a l e k i l l e r w h a l e . She b i t t h e o t h e r f e m a l e over t h e back j u s t p o s t e r i o r t o t h e d o r s a l f i n . A f t e r biting the other a n i m a l , s h e began t o h e m o r r h a g e f r o m t h e b l o w h o l e . The h e m o r r h a g e persisted for 4 5 m i n u t e s u n t i l the a n i m a l died. HISTORY:

Code,

i n parentheses, f o r s a m p l e s t a k e n :
C = c u l t u r e ; V = virology; M = metals; P = p e s t i c i d e s ; E = e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p e samples

......................................................................
GENERAL EXTERNAL APPEARANCE: ( o r a l c a v i t y , e x t e r n a l n a r e s , s k i n , e y e s ) T h e r e i s a c u t a n e o u s a v u l s i o n about 6 c m i n d i a m e t e r o n t h e a n t e r i o r a s p e c t of t h e m a n d i b l e w h i c h i s t h e r e s u l t of agonal a c t i v i t y j u s t p r i o r t o death. T h e r e a r e no r a k e ( t o o t h ) m a r k s on t h e s k i n of this animal. THORACIC CAVITY: (pleura) 2 5 0 m l of c l e a r amber f l u i d i s p r e s e n t i n t h e thorax. U P P E R R E S P I R A T O R Y SYSTEM: ( n a s a l sacs, nares, larynx) T h e n a s a l passages c o n t a i n a l a r g e a m o u n t of s a n g u i n o u s f l u i d . A l a c e r a t i o n of t h e m u c o s a of t h e a n t e r i o r aspect of t h e l e f t n a s a l passage i s p r e s e n t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 5 c m v e n t r a l t o t h e d o r s a l bony r i m .

?AGE 2

I.D.

NO.

mc-00-77 06

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: ( t r a c h e a , bronchi, lungs, lymph nodes) Sanguinous f l u i d i s p r e s e n t i n t h e trachea and bronchi.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

(esophagus, stomach, i n t e s t i n e , rectum, cecum, lymph nodes) There i s a moderate amount of p a r t i a l l y digested f i s h p r e s e n t i n t h e f i r s t / and second g a s t r i c compartments.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

( t e s t i c l e s , ovaries) There i s one post pregnancy corpus a l b i c a n s i n t h e Several c y s t i c f o l l i c l e s a r e present i n both o v a r i e s .

left

ovary.

SKELETAL SYSTEM: There a r e comminuted f r a c t u r e s of t h e maxillae and premaxillae. The f r a c t u r e i s displaced a maximum of 0.5 c and forms a continuous l i n e m m t r a n s v e r s e l y a c r o s s the s k u l l 1 5 c a n t e r i o r t o the nasal passages.

PARASITE S M A Y : U MR N p a r a s i t e s found. o

G O S S M A Y 1. ~ r a c t u r e sof the maxillae and premaxillae. R S U MR: . 2 . Laceration of t h e mucosa of t h e l e f t nasal passage. DIAGNOSIS: Death due t o hypovolemic shock r e s u l t i n g from nasal hemorrhage a s s o c i a t e d with f r a c t u r e s of t h e maxillae and premaxillae.
TENTATIVE

CONCLUSIONS: ( a f t e r h i s t o l o g y & c l i n i c a l pathology review) review of c l i n i c a l pathology and histology f i n d i n g s does not reveal any f a c t o r s which would have predisposed t o t h e d e a t h of t h i s animal. The cause of death remains a s s t a t e d i n the t e n t a t i v e diagnosis.

DATE:

/c - &? -3

SIGNED :

Zoological Pathology Consult Kent G. Osborn, DUN P.O. Box 151135 San Diego, CA 92115-2646

ZPC # :69NMX. 06A C1ient:Sea World, I n c . , C/O D r . Necr-opsy D a t e : 8 - 2 2 - 8 4 Microscopic Exam D a t e : 9 - 3 0 - 8 9

J i m McBaln.

ID Spec1es:Dt-clnus o r c a Common : h i l l e r w h a l e Breed : House :Kandu SW89079

Final Diaqnosek

Se>;:Female Age: Adu i t

1. E e a t h due t o h y p o v o l e m l c shocC. associated w l t h m a ? . l l i d arid compi l c a t e d b y p t - e m a > : ~al con p i e t e , comrnlr~clted, c l o s e d f r-ac t c l t - E l s e v e t e h e m o r r h a g e , f o l l o w l n g tr-duma b) enc l o s u t - e ~ ~ a t e .
3. L

uterbs)

endometrium,

edema,

mlnlmal

r ~ f u t t - c p h ii i !

l n f i lt t - a t e .

p r o b s b l y associated w l t h estrogenic

influence.

4. jEjunal 1ymph mode, chronlc 1 n f iarPmstlar,: ascocieted ~ l t p a r a s i t ~o v a c o m p a t l b i ~ l t h t r e m a t o d e o v a . l n c l d e n t a l f i ~ e i r ~ g . w

, ~ ~

5 . a d t - e ~ a lc o r t e ? . , 1 ~ 1 l l dy m p h o c y ~ l c i r , f 1 1 t r - a r e i ~ c l G e n t a if l r t d l n o . l
Nect-opsv N o t e s Gene;-al: T h l ~ r ~ m a l1 5 l r - I g o o d bodv c o ~ d l t l o r ~ T ~ E a . bod,. 1 s lrt t - l g o r . T h e r e 1 s a m i l d s u p e r - f l c l a i scrap^ or, t h e ! e f t c l a e o f t h e mEioo. p r o b a b l y a r s c c l a t e d h i t h p o s t mc~t-ternmanipulation c f t h e b o d v . The lowet- ] a h h a s a 6 . 0 cm o i a m e t ~ t - s c r a p e a t ~ t slp, t ~ e n t t - a l l y , exposlrig u n d e r 1y l n g p e t - l o s t e u m . No r a n e m a r k s a r e p r e s e n t fir, t h e sbln. 17 7 ' , r o s t r b m t o f iu1.e n z t r h ; b o d \ w e i g h t 15 4,600 ] D r .

Sl l n : She s b l n 1 s s h i r i y . Elilbbet- iayet- 1 s adeqaate 1 : amount. The b i u b b e t - 1 s f 1 1 - m apd w h l i e . No s c l b c u t a r ~ e o b s lesions a r e recognized.

Body Cab l t l e s : No l e s l o n s r e c o o n l i e d 1r1t h e a t l d ~ c r ~ ~ n .OF thorax. W l t h l n t h e thor-ax a r e a p p t - o ~ . l m a t e i ) 2 5 C m l o f c l e a t - p a l e amber f l u l d . A b d a m l n a l adipose t l s s a e 1 s Arr,+ivnd p* T+n OroimrJ*
\~n~nnr~*~n~rr,p~r~imp,*~r,~q

Kandu,

SW89079 l n m o d e r a t e amount.

present

Endocrine: T h y r o l d , No l e s i o n s recognized ( N L R ) . 6 0 0 g m . Parathyroid. n o t f o u n d A d r e n a l s , NLR. L e f t = 7 2 . 6 gm; R i g h t = 1 0 2 . 0 9m Fitultary, NLR. 9.0 gm.

C a r d l o v a s c u l at-: Perlcar-dlum, NLR, translucent, contains a p p r o x l m a t e l y 3C10 m l o f c l e a r s ~ t - c u cf l u l d . H e a r t , NLR. T h e r e 1 s a m o d e r a t e amount c f coronary groove adipose. The v e n t r i c 1 e s a r e l n d i a s t o l e , w l t h c l o t t e d dark r e d blood i n them. A o r t a , m a l o r v e s s e l s , NLR. No a t h e r o s c l e t - o s i s i s present. Resplra.tory: B l o w h o l e : P r e s s u r e on t h e b l n w h o l f sphincter 6 1 l o w s a l a r g e amount o f w a t e r y b l o o d t u come o u t . P e t - l n a s a l s a c s , NLR. N a s a l p a s s a q e : A f t e r t h e m e l o n , p e r l n a s a l s a c s and b l o w h o l e s p h l n c t e t - a r e dissected away, a f ~ 1 1 thickness l a c e r a t i o n c a n be p a l p a t e d l n t h e l e f t n a s a l p a s s a g e . 14 crr~ down f r o m t h e d o r s a l m a r g l n c f t h e m a x i 1 l a a t t h e b ! o ~ : h o l e associated w l t h a complete m a x i l l a r y f r a c t c r e (see Skeleton below). L a r y ~ x .l ~ i R T ~ a c h e a , b r o n c h l . N i F i , c o n t a l r , a s,3a! 1 arnmbfit o f b l o c 3 d y fluld. Lunqs, are somewhat turqld, molst on cut surface, w l t h b l o o d comlnq ft-om8 t h e s r r t a l i a l r w a y s and c u t s u r f a c e . L e f t l u n g = 1 7 . 7 4 ~ g , R l g h t l u n g = 21.56 k g . t-lematoi y m p h a t l c : Pharynqea! t o n s l l . i n c C n s ~ ; c ~ o ~ s Lymph n o o e g . NLR. a x i l l a r ) l y r ~ p h rsccie size 1 s It 1s uniformly medlum red on normal. capsular and c u t s u r f ace. The r r ~ e s e n t e t - l c l y m p h n u d e s c s n t a l n m u l t l p l e n o d u l e s , 1 . 0 crr, l n d i a m e t e r , t - e m l n l s c e n t o f t a p e wcrm n o d u le s usual l y present i n the perlanal blubber. S p l e e n , NLR, 1 s f i r m a n d medlcm r e d , w l t h n o l y m p h follicles a p p a r e n t on c u t s u r f a c e . 4.7E kg

Uroqenital: h l d n e y s , NLR. The c a p s u l e s t r l p s w l t h m o d e r a t e ease. L e f t kidney: 4 . 7 2 kg, Rlght Lldney:

Arc+iw&

P T+m :

mroip?

\nnhn~.*hm~rcpr5roi~c:.coq

4 . 8 6 kg. U r l n a r y B l a d d e - - N L R , m o d e r a t e l v f u l l o f light ye1 l o w c l e a r u r - l n e . Ovarles, NLR, one post-pregnancy corpus alblcans (CA) 1s present ~n the l e f t ovary. There a r e t h r e e c y s t l c f o l l l c l e c ~ n t h e l e f t The r a l s e d o v a r y , one s u b s e r o s a l , 2 r a l s e d . cm a n d 1.3 CP l n diameter, c y s t s a r e 2.5 respec t l v e l y . Fourcvstlc fclllcles are p r e s e n t l n t h e r l g h t o v a r y , on s u b s e t - o s a l an0 three ralsed. The r a l s e d follicles at-e 1.8 . cm, 1.0 c and 1.0 crr 1r. d l k n ~ t e r W l t h careful external r e s p e c t l v ~y. l posslb l e the ovarles, three e x a m l n a t l o ~ ~f o s l t e s o f n o n - p r e g n a n c y C A ' s at-e r e c o g n l z e d or, t h e l e f t Gvary and t w o o n t h e r l q h t o v a r y . The l e f t o v a r y w e l g h s 5 2 . 0 gm and m e a s u r e s 6.0 x 5.0 x 2.7 cn. The t - l g h t o v a r y w e l g h s 7 4 . 2 gm a n d m e a s u r e s 8.2 x 5 . 8 x 3 . 5 crr. U t e r u s , c e r v l x , v a q l n a , NLE, The u t e r u s 1 s n r - - 5 1 - a v l a . The h o r n s a r e Icng. The e n o c m e t r l u m 1s m l l d l y ? - ~ ~ ~ r e n ; l c . C~zestlve: Or-a1 cavity, t i , t h e r e is tr~:r~ a t e r y b l o o d w l n t h e mouth. E s o p h a q u s , NLR Stomach, NLR. The f o r e s t o m a c t - a n d q l a n d u l a r s t o m a c h t o g e t h e r c o n t a l n a p p r o x l m a t e l y 25 o r more p o u r ~ d s o f p a r t i a l l y d l q e ~ t e d f l s h . The hyperemlc. g l z r ~ a ~ l a t o m a c h mucosa 1 s m i : G l sr No u l c e r s z r e p r s s e q t . S r ~ a i : l r ~ t e s t l r ~ e o c o l o n . NLF. sn Cantents s r c = r r s i . ~ v , N i F . S L Z E a n d c o n s ; s t ~ r ~ c a t - e nor-ma1 y I t 15 rr.ed:c;~, :,red l n c c l o r an^ h a s r r : i C i v ~ l r ~l e r l ] S E E e c g e c . c : T ~ E o b u l a r p o t t ~ r r .i s ~ n c o n c ~ : c u c d s . 4 6 . 6 L g . l P s n c r e s s : r<LK

.-

I
I

P ~ ~ s c ~ l o s k e l e t a l : % u c c ] e : 1 h i 5 a r . l a ~ a li s v e t - y WE.: l C ~ L J C C ~ T ~ . E ~ ~ iTids~ l~i~ , v e r y dat-i: r e 6 Z I - O N ~ I . NLR. is a c o r , p l ~ ti t~ a c t u r e o f t h e l ~'c f27::: 5I:e;etor1: T n e * - ~ wit: a i!.? c c ~.er.t1-&1 r i g h t r r ~ a x il i a arid p t - e r ~ a x il la . d i s p l ac3ment across the r-ostrai s u r f ace. S e ~ . e ~1- e f t-aqrnents. c f bone a r e p r - e s e n t i n t h e p t - e m a x i 1 i a . This f t - a c t u t - e i s e v i d e n t w i t h i n t h e l e f t n a s a l bassage as we1 1 , 1 a c e r a t i r ; g t h e mucosa! s c : - f a c e a p p r o ? i r n a t e l ) , 14 c r d i s t a l t o t h e d c r s a i - c a u d a i r n a c c i n o f t h e f r ~ a xli i d . T ~ E f r a c t u t - e e>:tenCc f r c m s i d e - t 3 - s i d e ac?-05.5 t h e e . ' ; t i r e jaw. Net-vcus: B r a i n : PGLR. 5 . 4 2 k g . D r q ~ n s f Specizl S E ~ ~ E : o E y e s : NLR. The p u p l l s , a r e s y r n ~ e t t - i c a l .
.

/Jrc+iw& p T + Try_? : ~ mroip? COT \nnhn~.~hn~rcparoi~r,~.

1
!

Kandu,

SWB9079

Gross Diaqnosis 1. D e a t h due t o h y p o v o l e m i c s h o c k a s s o c i a t e d w l t h m a x i l l a a n d p r e m a x i l l a c o m p l e t e , comminuted, c l o s e d f r a c t u r e i o m p l l c a t e d h y s e v e r e h e m o r r h a g e , f o l l o w i n g t r a u m a by e n c l o s u r e m a t e . 2 . No s i g n s o f l n f e c t l o n o r o t h e r underlying d i s e a s e . Nec r o p s y Comments T h l s a n i m a l d l e d d u e t o shocC a S s D i l S t f d w l t h t h e t r e m e n d o u s b l o o d l o s s t h a t o c c u r - r e d when t h e upper- j a w was s e v e r e l y f I - a c t u r - e d . Pla-lor b l o o d b e s s e l s and h l g h l y v a s c u l a r t l s s u e w l t h l n t h e j a w w e t - ~ l a c e r a t e d when t h e f r a c ' t u : - e o c c u r r - e d . T h g s i t e c f he;ri~;-t-hagewas l n a c c e s s l b l e w l t h r e g a r d t o t h e p o s s i b l l l t \ , o f anyone b e l r i g a b l e t o s t o p t h e bleeding, e v e n if t h e a n l m a l c o ~ l dh a v e immediately been h a n d l e d f o r p o s s i b l e t r e a t m e n t .

P I I C R O S C O P I C EXPM NOTES
M l c r n s c o p l c Summary ( s l l d e number I n p a r e n t h e s e s ) The f o l l o w l n g t l s s u e s wet-e e x a m l n e d mlc r - o s c o p l c a l l y and f o u n d t o be essentially n o r m a l : l u m b a r s p l n a l c o r d (I,?), t h o r - a c l c s p l n a l c o r d ( 3 ) ,l n t r a v e r t e b r a l r e t e l a m l r a b l l l a ( r e t f s p l n a l e ! , t h y r o l d ( 6 1 , a d r e n a l s ( 6 , 7 ) , p l t u l t a r y ( 7 ) , u r - l n a r - y b l a d d e r - ( 1 8 ) . pancr-eac ( 20, 2 4 1 , f u n d l c 5 tomac h ( 23 1 , py 1o r - l c s t o m a c h ( 2 3 j , ouoaenum ( 2 4 ) , c o l o n ( 2 5 ) , s m a l l l n t e s t l n e ( 2 6 1 , mammary g l a n d ( 3 1 1 , c l . l n and biubbet- ( 3 2 ) . L e s i o n s a n d / o r n o t a b l e m l c r o s c o p l i m o r p h o l g g y at-e p r e s e n t 11 r t h e f o l l o w l n ~t l s s u e s : I adr-e~al ( 6 , T ) : The!-e at-E scattel-ec loose. m i il' l n f l! r a t e s o f 1 ymphmcytes l n t t , e d e e ~ d t - ~ n a lc a t - t e k s r , ~ t a meciu i 1a . Ds: a d r e a a i c c r t e x , m 1 l d l v m ~ " o c \ t l ; l r ~ f t ! - ; t ~ i l comaent: cause arid 5 1 0 r t i f i z ; ~ , ; ~ C? t h l ~ the ~ n1 1 t t - a t e 1 s n a t apaaw-ent. f Eased s n anlma: c c l l n l c a l s t a t e . ~t 1 s an i r i ~ l d e r ~ t a i f lndlng.
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p t - e s c a p u l a t - l y m ~ hn o d e ( 5 1 : NiF. Tho C E ! l u l a ! - l t y i s There 1s a mild f ~ l l i c u l a r reactic-, wlth goo'd 1 - e l a t i v e l y i n a p ' p ; ? t - e n t f 0 1 1i i i l l s r - c e n t e r s i n t h e t - ~ s c t i v e f o l lit I p s . I ' l ~ s t f c l l i i i e s at-E ~ C : ' ; - - ~ Z C ~ ~ V E .

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j e j u a a l l y m p h n o d e ( 1 0 , 1 1 ) : I n b z t h s s c t i o n s t h e r e i: f i b t - a s i s and i n f l a m m a t i o n a s s i ~ ca t e d w i t h 1st-ge ;~;!-!.r.be:-s i o f p i g r r ~ : e n t e deggs.. The e g g s b!a\:e ar! nper-cuiuir! a t o > e p o l e and, a t h i c k l::ncib on t h e s t h e r . The i ~ lammatct-.:; f i n f i t : - a t e i n c 1 ~ d e s ~ e a . t t - ~ p h i ! y m p h + ).. t e s a n d - ~ a s m a 1 r is, r i ce! i s . These e g g s may be i n m e d u l l a ! - y - s l n u s e s o f t i l e
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1ymph node, c ht-onlc ~ nl afm m a t l o n , with parasite ova compatible wlth t r e m a t o d e o v a , incidental f i n d l n g .

c l u n q ( 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 4 j : The m a j o r f e a t u r - e 1~ t h ~ s ~~ t l o n c 1 s a moderate, patchy dlstrlbutlon of blood w l t h l n a l r w a y s and a l v e o l l . The s p e c t r u m o f involvement r a n g e s f r o m n o b l o o d I n sclme a r e a s t o e t - l a t - g e amounts o f blood I n others. S e c t l o n 1 2 h a s relatively l l t t l e b l o o d . No lnflammatlon 1s present. BI-or~h l o l e c a s s c ~ ca t e d l lynipt~old t l s s u e 1s m l l d l y aLparerlt, w l t h no r e a c t l v e

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t h o r a c i c l v r r ~ p hnode ( 1 5 ) : .NLR. The c e l l u l a r i t y i s good. There 1s no o r minimal f o l l i c u l a r r e a c t i o n . Lldney 1 6 : There 1s some varlable (mlnlmal t o m o d e r a t e ) t h l c b e n l n g o f t h e basement membrane o f Bowman s c a p s u l e l n m o d e r a t e n u m b e r s o f t h e glomeruli. O c c a s l o n a i g l o m e r u l a r adhesions a r e p r - e s e n t , a n d occasional p a t - l e t a l e p l t h e 1 l a 1 h y p e r t r o p h y 1s p t - e s e n t l n s c a t t e r - e d g l o r n e r u l 1 .

Dx: k id.ne); minima3,/mi 15 1 membranous glomerulonephritis, irtcidental finding.

u t e r u s ( 1 7 ) : The u t e r i n e s t r a t u m spongicsclrn i s e d e m a t o u s , w i t h patchy vascelat- d i l a t a t i o n . Mild/minimal neutrcphil i n f i l t r a t i o n i s p r - e s e n t i n t h e i s m i c a p r - z p t - i a 2nd i n scatter-eci glandular- lurner~s. Pic l u m i n a : e p i t h e l i u m I s p r e s e n t ir! t h e s e s e c t i o n s . The g l a n c i u l a r e p i t h ~ i i i l nis ~ t a l l columnar t y p f . I):< u t e r - u s . , e n d o m e t r - i u m ? ede~?!a,m i c i m a i r i e d t r-opbii 1 i c : i n f i1 t t - a t , probably ac.soc i a t e d i.:iti-i e s i r - o g ' e n i c influence. comment: T h i s a n i m a l may h a v e been i n e s t r o u s : based on t h e e n d o m e t r i a l a p p f a t - a n c ~ .

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esophaque, (21): T h i s s e c t i o n o f esophagus i n c l u d e s b o t h i ~ . mucosal and submucosal 1yrriphaid t'lksue that reminiscent of t o n s i l l a r tissue. The :\jir:phoid p c p u i a t i ~ r i ir. nor-ma1 NiR.

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f o r e s t o m a c h ( 2 2 ) : A s w i t h t h e e s o p h a g u s sec t l o r t , t h e r e 1 s an e x t e n s i v e m u c o s a l l y m p h o l d i n f l l t t - a t . Many r ~ f NLR. t h e s e c e l l s a r e plasma c e l l s . heart, papillary muscle (27;, l e f t semilunar v a l v e (28,291, r l o h t s l d e o f 1V s e p t ~ t ~ and ,

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pulmonary o u t f l o w ( 3 0 ) : There i s moderate v a r l e t i o n i n m y o c a r d i a l f i b e r n u c l e a r s i z e , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n the' l e f t ventricular sections. Comment , The c a u s e o f d e a t h r e m a l n s a s d e t e r - m l n e d a t t h e t l m ~o f necropsy. T h e r e a r e a few l n c l d e n t a l f l n d l n g s , b u t t h e s e a r e n o t s l g n l f l c a n t e n o u g h t o h a v e c a u s e d a n y c l l n l c a l l y a p p a r e n t pr-otrlems. The r e n a l c h a n g e s a r e p r o b a b l y a g e r e l a t e d . T h~ t r-emat o d ~ - t ;p ~ a. a l n t h e j e j u n a l l y m p h n o d e a r e an l n t e r - e s t l n g f l n d l n g . 1 w l l l have t o d o some r-efer-ence c h e c k l n q t o s e e what s p e c l e s o f p a r a s l t e t h l s m l g h t be. T h e r e a r e n o 5 1 g n s o f t h e a d ~ l twar-,TIC. The a d r e n a l c h a n g e s ar-E. s u b t l e . Changes l n t h e e r ~ d o m e t r - l u ma r e s u g g e c , t l ~ eo f estrus. W l c r o s c o p l c e k a l u a t l o n o f t h e br-aln h ~ l 1 o l l o w I n an f 3 T t ~ r - 1 t r s , ~t e s 7 i a t b l ~ t a c u t t h e b r - a l r ~ l t - I w l t h LIT-. Sar, R i d g w a y and h i s s t a f f ' . Flnal

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