2011-02-17
2011-02-17
RULES OF ATTRACTION
How to Make a connection witH tHat special soMeone
@SOCIALMEdIAAddICT
# are students wasting too much time on the internet?
TABLE OF CONTENTS
* COvEr phOTO By JErry WANg
How we Met
hOW AN OLd-FAShiONEd SpOrT SpArkEd A mOdErN-dAy rOmANCE
5 6 10 13
UnHealtHy FoUndation?
BrEAkiNg dOWN myThS ABOuT mAkEup
02 17 11
CALENDAR
THURS | FEB 17TH THEoloGy on TAp Henrys on Eighth, 5:30 p.m. THE JunkyARd JAzz BAnd American Legion, 7 p.m., free ScARy lARRy kAnSAS BikE polo Edgewood Park, 7 p.m., free, all ages JAzz QuinTET Ingredient, 7 p.m., free, all ages ku SyMpHony oRcHESTRA Lied Center, 7:30 p.m., $5-$7 TEnniS, HolidAy SHoRES, SoFT REEdS Jackpot Music Hall, 8 p.m. cAMpuS MoviE TAnGlEd Woodruff Auditorium, 8 p.m., free-$3, all ages FRI | FEB 18TH
THE GlEAnERS, MEATFlowER Replay Lounge, 6 p.m. opEn Mic And JAM Cross Town Tavern, 7 p.m., free, 21+ JoSH RiTTER wiTH ScoTT HuTcHinSon (FRiGHTEnEd RABBiT) Liberty Hall Cinema, 7 p.m., $19-$21, all ages FRidAy niGHT AT THE kino: okno v pARizH (window To pARiS) Jayhawk Boulevard, 7 p.m., 18+ loAdEd FoR BEAR Lawrence Arts Center, 8 p.m., $6, 18+ vidEo JERRy/dJ JoHn Slow Ride Roadhouse, 9 p.m., 21+ FREE coSMic BowlinG Kansas Union, 10 p.m, free
SAT | FEB 19TH williAM inGES BuS STop Lied Center, 7:30 p.m., $10-$28, all ages lAwREncE JEwiSH FilM FESTivAl BlESSEd iS THE MATcH: THE liFE And dEATH oF HAnnAH SEnnESH Lawrence Jewish Community Center, 7:30 p.m. kpR JAzz concERT Pachamamas, 8 p.m., $10, 21+ loAdEd FoR BEAR Lawrence Arts Center, 8 p.m., $6, 18+ Gold lABEl Soul Eighth Street Tap Room, 9:30 p.m., $3, 21+ cAMpuS MoviE TAnGlEd Woodruff Auditorium, 8 p.m., free-$3
SUN | FEB 20TH GHoST TouRS oF kAnSAS llc, pSycHic Fun And FEAST Blind Tiger, 5 p.m., $50, 12+ ScARy lARRy kAnSAS BikE polo Edgewood Park, 7 p.m., free, all ages SMAckdown! Bottleneck, 7:30 p.m., free-$5, 18+
MON | FEB 21ST BAckuS lEcTuRE: FRoM diSBEliEF To dEniAl: wESTERn RESponSE To SoviET coMMuniST cRiMES, dARiuSz To Kansas Union, 7 p.m. FREE ARGEnTinE TAnGo opEn pRcTicA (pRAcTicE) Signs of Life, 8 p.m., free, all ages
TUES | FEB 22ND lonniE RAy opEn JAM Slow Ride Roadhouse, 6 p.m. FAnTASTic Slow cookER REcipES Bayleaf Culinary Center, 6:30 p.m., $45 ScARy lARRy kAnSAS BikE polo Edgewood Park, 7 p.m., free, all ages TuESdAy niTE SwinG Kansas Union, 8 p.m., free, all ages livE JAzz @ THE cASBAH Burger Stand at the Casbah, 9 p.m., free, 21+ MillionyounG Replay Lounge, 10 p.m.
wED | FEB 23RD THE AMERicAnA MuSic AcAdEMy BEGinnERS JAM Americana Music Academy, 7 p.m., free, all ages BRAdEn R. AllEnBy: Mind, Body, MAcHinE: HuMAn dESiGn SpAcE 2 The Commons, Spooner Hall, KU, 7 p.m., free, all ages ABE viGodA/wild noTHinG/cvlTS Jackpot Music Hall, 8 p.m., all ages dollAR BowlinG Royal Crest Bowling Lanes, 9 p.m., $1, all ages noRTH MiSSiSSippi AllSTARS Bottleneck, 9 p.m., $16, all ages cASBAH kARAokE! Burger Stand at the Casbah, 10:30 p.m., free, 21+
THE BOTTLENECk 737 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST. THE JACkPOT MUSIC HALL 943 MASSACHUSETTS ST. THE JAzzHAUS 926 1/2 MASSACHUSETTS ST. THE REPLAY LOUNGE 946 MASSACHUSETTS ST. THE EIGHTH ST. TAPROOM 801 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST. LAwRENCE ARTS CENTER 940 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST.
THE GRANADA 1020 MASSACHUSETTS ST. THE POOL ROOM 925 IOWA ST. wILDES CHATEAU 24 2412 IOWA ST. DUFFYS 2222 W. 6TH ST. CONROYS PUB 3115 W. 6TH ST., STE. D HENRYS ON EIGHTH 11 E. EIGHTH ST.
I was at a bar several weeks ago talking with a group of people when a friend of mine after spotting a buddy of ours in need stopped the conversation we were having to rush to his aid. The problem that needed to be resolved? Our friend was standing aimlessly in the middle of a dance floor filled with beautiful girls, none of whom he would talk to or dance with on his own. Its wingman time, my friend announced as he put out his cigarette and took a swig of whiskey with the red-faced swagger of Winston Churchill at a Sunday brunch. He then disappeared into the crowd of gyrating hips, dancing to the R&B classics that have brought men and women together since R. Kelly discovered there was nothing wrong with a little bump n grind. The girls in our group looked puzzled. One of them asked, Whats the role of a wingman? It was a simple enough question. We tried our best to explain the importance of the wingman in situations like these:
A wingman is like the Samwise Gamgee of breaking the ice. Frodo may have the power of the Ring, but he cannot make the trek to Mordor alone... In all honesty, attraction and seduction are hard games to play. The wingman, or woman, helps create an opening for the friend to start a conversation with the person in whom they are interested. The history of the wingman probably goes as far back as ancient Greece when Hermes strapped on his wing-tipped shoes to inform mortal women that Zeus would be paying them a visit. Dont quote me on that though. All I know is that Icarus was a terrible wingman. My friend, however, offers proof that if done right a wingman can be a useful tool to help you break the ice with a potential new date. It took him less than 15 minutes to swing in, save the night and then back out so our buddy could dance with the girl he just met. By the time the bar closed, our friend had a new number in his phone. Becca Harschs feature, The Art of Seduction, starting on page 8, gives helpful advice and insight on how to act when introducing yourself to that crush youve had your eye on for awhile. And if you see your friend struggling to talk with someone he or she is interested in, finish that drink and strap on those wings.
THE STAFF
EDITOR // MOLLY MARTIN ASSOCIATE EDITOR // JONATHAN HERMES DESIGNER // ALExANDRA AvILA CONTACT // ALExANDRA ESPOSITO, CAROLINE KRAFT, LAURA ERDALL MANUAL // GABRIELLE SCHOCK, JENNIFER DIDONATO, LINDSEY SIEGELE NOTICE // BECKY HOWLETT, SARAH CHAMP PLAY // BEN CHIPMAN, MICHAEL BEDNAR, LINDSEY DEITER HEALTH // JUSTINE PATTON, ELLIOT METZ, JACK RAFFERTY CONTRIBUTORS // MIKE ANDERSON, MICHELLE MACBAIN, BRITTANY NELSON, SAvANNAH ABBOTT, CHANCE CARMICHAEL, LANDON MCDONALD, ALEx TRETBAR, ZACK MARSH, BRITTANY CLAMPITT, CHELSEA THENO CREATIVE CONSULTANT // CAROL HOLSTEAD
The university daily kansan 2000 dolE cEnTER 1000 Sunnyside dr. lawrence, kS 66045 (785) 864-4810
twitter.com/JayplayMagazine
BEcoME A FAn oF THE wEScoE wiT FAcEBook pAGE and your contributions could be published!
02 17 11
Q. Ive been dating this girl for a little over a month now. Dates with just the two of us
have been amazing, but nights out with her friends have been a disaster. I dont think her friends like me. Should I be worried?
02 17 11
Contributed photo Town ball romance: After playing the historical sport together over summer, Miller and Somerhalder connected during a trip to Chicago. now. Even though it hasnt been that long, we already have a deep connection and have become very close with each others families, Somerhalder says.
// LAURA ERDALL
TASTE
// ALExANDRA ESpOSITO
02 17 11
HEALTH
> Sometimes its hard to tell.
> Dude...gross.
Makeup often gets a bad rep its oily, can cause horrible breakouts and even wrinkles. Joseph Gadzia, a dermatologist at Kansas Medical Clinic in Topeka, explains the truth behind these makeup myths. Makeup clogs pores and causes acne. Thats exactly what Tess Grohmann, Kansas City, Kan. senior, thought, even though she uses makeup almost daily. But this is only the case when women use oil-based makeup. such foundation clogs pores, allowing bacteria to build up and acne to break out, Gadzia says. nowadays, most makeup is non-comedogenic, which is dermatologist talk for makeup that wont clog pores. Makeup will cause skin to age faster. This couldnt be further from the truth. Many makeup products actually contain sunscreen, so instead of causing little crinkles and creases, theyre actually preventing them. Gadzia says if individuals are worried about looking older, they should avoid the sun, smoking and partying all night, every night.
Contributed photo Foundation myths: Most makeup products wont clog your pores but will help prevent wrinkles. Mineral makeup is healthier for skin. You dont need to fork over $30 for mineral makeup unless you absolutely need it. Gadzia says mineral makeup often doesnt contain some of the preservatives that are found in most makeup, so the odds of an allergic reaction are significantly lower. If thats not an issue, regular makeup works just fine. VErdiCT: Good for you // JUsTInE PATTOn
Whether youre shopping for a stocking cap to keep your head toasty this winter or a baseball cap for next spring, Melody Volek, a registered nurse, has some advice: Dont try it on before you buy it. The reason? You could get head lice. Annette Koland, Chapman senior, loves wearing KU baseball caps and says she never thinks twice about trying on a hat before she makes a purchase. I always just go into stores and throw them on my head, Koland says. Even though the words head lice may take you back to the days of swing sets and sack lunches, adults can still become infected by the little white parasites, Volek says. Most people dont realize they have head lice at first. The parasites are big enough to see, but are so quick that most people cant catch a glimpse as they creep and crawl through the scalp. Once they attach, they become almost invisible. Volek says symptoms could start with a single itch on the head not exactly the most obvious ailment. We all have itchy heads,
Contributed photo Hair-asites: Trying on hats increases your chance of getting a lice infection on your scalp. Volek says. However, as the louse lays eggs, more lice will soon call your scalp home and that single itch will get intense. Go see your doctor for a proper diagnosis. Luckily, head lice cant fly or jump. They can only be transported through direct contact. Volek says a few head lice hot spots for adults are the insides of hats and headrests of movie theater seats. // JUsTInE PATTOn
> Dude...gross.
02 17 11
Fever? nausea? Vomiting? Diarrhea? How did this happen? You cant afford to get sick. Is someone from class to blame? The one who never covers his mouth when he coughs? Possible, but the culprit may not be someone from class but something inside your fridge. The Center for Disease Control estimates that each year roughly one out of six Americans gets sick from food-borne diseases. several factors contribute to bacterial contamination, including refrigerated foods that are not stored at the proper temperature or not reheated properly. For college students who eat out a lot, leftovers often end up in the fridge, a cold fortress where no germs can grow, right? not exactly. sally Brown, a registered dietitian from Overland Park, says timing and temperature are important. I would not recommend eating food after the 24-hour mark from when it was prepared, to be on the safe side, Brown says. Bacterial growth occurs within two hours if the foods temperature is within the danger zone, between 40 and 135 F. While we like to believe simply putting the food in the fridge will kill all existing bacteria, this is not true; the food must be heated to above 145 F to be safe to eat. Microwave ovens raise food temperature
Photo by Travis Young A side of bacteria, please: Food-borne diseases are more likely to occur after 24 hours. typically to 100 F, far short of the safe zone. Most students practice the look-and-smell test to determine if the food is edible. As long as it looks okay that is enough for me, sam Palm, Olathe sophomore, says. Because the symptoms of food poisoning resemble the common cold, many dont realize it was something they ate that caused the illness. Writing a throw-away date on the food can help you avoid illness; failure to do so puts you at risk for poisoning. This is something to remember the next time youre lying miserably in bed looking for someone to blame. // JACK RAFFERTY
NOTICE
You use it in the classroom, in the car, at the dinner table, at the bedside and even on the toilet. Social media is everywhere perhaps most prevalently in the way of homework and paying attention in lecture. As I write this very story, I find myself surrendering to the ding of my cell phone that urges me to check frivolous e-mails, text messages or posts on Facebook as though Id do anything to halt productivity. Since the birth of social networking in 2004 with Facebook, social media has exploded in popularity. Websites such as Twitter, Flickr and Tumblr have since joined Facebook in making social media, arguably, the greatest Internet phenomenon ever. As a great tool for both procrastinating and communicating, researchers have drawn a line between harmless use and harmful abuse, cautioning the potential of social media addiction. Last April, the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda (ICMPA) at the University of Maryland released a study suggesting college students are addicted to social media. The 200 students participating went without all forms of media for 24 consecutive hours and showed symptoms similar to alcohol and drug withdrawals. The notion that college students psychologically depend on social networking stirs debate among psychologists and students alike. Are we getting the best of the Internet or is it getting the best of us? Supporting the studys findings, Dr. Gregg Jantz, certified chemical dependency counselor, says college students heavy use of social media cannot only lead to addiction, but also harm academic performance and relationships. [Social media use] creates unreal relationships and a sense of selfimportance, Jantz says. We turn to social media in times that we want to feel validated instead of turning to real relationships. An avid user of social media, Megan Do, Wichita senior, doesnt use Facebook, Twitter and Tumblr to feel validated, but rather to stay connected with people. Do says social media could be addictive for users who lack self-control or timemanagement skills, but, knowing the benefits of social media, she says she hates to see it get a bad reputation. Im always learning new things from the interesting people Ive met through social media with the links, videos and articles they share, Do says. Social media has brought me closer to the people I know
SociaL meDia
obSeSSionS
Photo Illustration | Dalton Gomez Screen addiction: Are students psychologically dependent on social media sites like Facebook and Twitter? Recent studies show that users can go through media withdrawal symptoms. because were able to learn more about each other. Not ready to part completely with the benefits of social media, many users resort to temporarily deactivating their accounts or putting a friend in control of their passwords. To better fill the void of an anti-procrastination tool, software developers created the programs Anti-Social ($15) and Freedom ($10) in June 2010 that block social network websites for a given time period. In need of a social media intervention, Jason Charney, Overland Park junior, bought Freedom last fall. Like many college students, he would impulsively open up Facebook or Twitter instead of the work he intended to do. Charney says he isnt addicted, but that he wanted to better control his habit of social media wandering. Ive deactivated my Facebook for a week at a time before, but its such a vital communication tool that its hard to just go without it, Charney says. To have something that blocks those sites for however long I need helps me structure my work time, so Im a lot more productive. That very lack of structure is a common theme in the lives of college students. Dr. Kimberly Young, director of the Center for Internet Addiction recovery, says unstructured time causes a lot of addiction problems. She tells her patients, completely addicted or just distracted, to use productivity software to help stay in control. Young challenges the notion that anyone is addicted to social media. She says if its truly a matter of addiction, the user usually has other vices, too, not just social media. It is not just one thing a person becomes addicted to and it is not just going from procrastination to harmful addiction, Young said. I think the main element is when it becomes a problem when that use of the Internet is hurting a relationship, academic performance, relationships with friends, ability to stay engaged in social activities and on campus. Then it means that it is too much.
How to prevent
02 17 11
FEATURE
The arT of
seduction
What Men and WoMen Want, and hoW they get it
// BECCA HARSCH
I was standing in line outside a bar on a Thursday night, waiting for the bouncer to check my ID. Same old Thursday night. But this time, I met someone. I was having a conversation with my friends about seeing Trey Songz in concert, when this good-looking guy behind us joined the conversation. He told me he had seen Trey Songz in concert, too. That definitely earned my interest, and by the end of the night we had exchanged numbers. The next day he told me he hadnt seen the R&B crooner in concert, but thought it was a good opportunity to make conversation. Whatever he was trying to do, it worked. If you are willing to learn how love and attraction work, you can practice them as skills, says Angel Donovan, chief editor of the Dating Skills Review website. The great thing about this is that men and women alike are no
longer helpless with their love frustrations, he says. They can, and many do, choose to learn more about it and improve their dating, relationship and love skills.
02 17 11
FEATURE
Its really about beIng comfortable In your own skIn. about the way you make someone feel about you.
> Marni Kinrys, attraction coach
Photo Illustration | Jerry Wang Making the connection: Find ways to interact comfortably and positively. Showing warmth and happiness are attractive qualities to people.
we respond to in only the first five seconds upon meeting someone. Ultimately, its about the way you make someone feel about you. To make yourself more attractive, you must first engage in introspection, says Constance Dunn, author of Practical Glamour: Presenting Your Most Beautiful & Polished Self to the World. Think about any feedback you have received in the last year from your friends and family. There might be something to the fact that four of your friends have told you that your habit of swearing loudly in public embarrasses them, or that youd look fantastic if you dressed your fine figure in something other than a standardissue uniform of scuffed Uggs and baggy sweatpants, Dunn says.
to help him attract the attention of another girl in their class with whom Kris was interested. Kris says he ended up going out for drinks with both of the girls.
Women dont always like bad boys or players. Women dont sit around with hopes of meeting an unreliable jerk who has no direction and plays games. Women want a man, not a boy. A man is a male who is selfassured, calm, cool, collected, comfortable and has the ability to lead. A genuine, authentic character will trump looks and bad-boy qualities in nearly every situation.
2 Make the first move:
There is never a bad time to approach a woman. Women want to be approached, as long as its by the right person. You could come up with a million reasons why a woman might not be interested, but you will never know for sure until you approach her. The only way to get what you want is by asking for it. Stop making excuses and just approach a woman.
3 Speak with character:
There is not one right pickup line to say to a woman. But there is a right way to speak to a woman. If you line up 10 men and have them say the same pickup line to a woman, will that woman be attracted to all 10 men? Probably not. She will be attracted to the man that said the line the right way. Shell notice the way he presents himself, his intentions and his character.
02 17 11
library card
Textbooks are a serious investment, and tickets to the movies, even with that student discount, are expensive. What if you could get most of your media for a more reasonable price? How about free? The Lawrence Public Library, 707 Vermont St., offers all Lawrence residents the opportunity to check out books, audiobooks, CDs and DVDs without charge assuming they return them on time. All they have to do is get a library card. Virgil Farrill, a regular at the library, mostly uses his library card to check out science fiction books. He visits the library at least every couple weeks, and most of his friends are library regulars as well. He says the public library is a great resource for all Lawrence residents. Ready to sign up? Amanda Lynn McConnell, Lawrence Public Librarys Circulation Coordinator, says signing up for a library card is easy. Youll need to bring a photo ID (preferably a drivers license) and proof of Lawrence address (such as a recent bill) to the front counter at the library. There, a library worker will give you
Contributed photo Free rent: Signing up for a library card is free, easy and allows you to check out books and movies. a short form to fill out, and youll be receive your shiny new library card and a mini card to attach to your keys. Library cards are especially convenient because the Lawrence Public Library has an Express Lane checkout, where you can use your card to check out your own media (similar to the self checkout lanes at grocery stores). So give your bank account a break this month and go where the entertainment is free: the public library. // LINDSEY SIEgELE
Between dodging rain puddles and trudging through six inches of snow, the shoes we wear take a beating. Ive only had these since Christmas, Kelsey Beller, Olathe freshman, says referencing her Ugg boots. But theyve already gotten pretty bad. Ive been meaning to do something to take care of them. For suede shoes: Bellers suede Ugg boots already show signs of discoloring, not only because of snow and water, but also because of the salt used to keep sidewalks from becoming slick. Wetting the shoes before wearing them outside will help prevent any staining or fading, Scott Ogilvie, sales associate at Browns Shoe Fit Co., says. Either simply using water or a water-based stain protector made especially for suede products will help preserve the color and make them last longer. A stain protector for suede is easy to find and inexpensive, with most costing under $5, Ogilvie says. For leather shoes: If youve been wearing
Contributed photo Perfect suede: Stain protectors and leather conditionder can help your shoes weather the winter. leather boots this winter, or if youre looking forward to leather shoes in the spring, invest in a bottle of leather conditioner. A leather conditioner is not only going to make a leather shoe softer, but also more durable, Ogilvie says. Plus, itll make it look nice. Protecting your shoes can prolong their lifespan. Beller says shes going to start protecting her shoes to prevent any further damage. If I dont do anything now, theyre just going to get worse, Beller says. // gABRIELLE SCHOCK
COMING SOON
02 17 11
10
MANUAL
Photo Illustration | Ben Pirotte Environmental convenience: Signing up with a curbside recycling company is an easy way to get rid of those extra bottles lying around your house. Just take it out like you would the trash.
// BRENNA LONG
pick up
The eight recycling bins at the Olive House, a student housing cooperative, sit on the curb every Wednesday morning and are magically empty and neatly stacked by the time Sam Greenberg returns from class in the afternoon. It wouldnt be unreasonable for us to take it to the recycling center, but this is just easier, Greenberg, a senior from Highland Park, Ill., says. The convenience of curbside recycling keeps the eight housemates paying their monthly bill to Tree Hugger Recycling to have their recyclables hauled away. Every day the average American generates 4.3 pounds of trash, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Collectively, thats almost one ton, or the weight of a Volkswagen Beetle. Thats a lot of trash, and only 30 percent of it gets recycled. Curbside recycling is a portion of that 30 percent and offers an easy and beneficial option for people concerned about the environment. People have become more conscious about recycling, Jim Tuchscherer, owner of Home
11
02 17 11
PLAY out & About // If you could eat only one kInd of
food for the rest of your lIfe, what would you pIck?
> Random people. Random answers. breAnnAh PetrAk
OLAthe | freshmAn
Chips and salsa. Its salty and spicy everything you need bundled up into one care package. MArion Schulz
OLAthe | freshmAn
Cheese and crackers preferably Wheat Thins. There are so many different kinds of cheese; you can pick whatever youre in the mood for. kAtie SoMMerfeld
sPringfieLd, mO. | sOPhOmOre
Mexican. I dont have to think about it. Everything is all tortilla, meat, cheese and veggies. I could never get enough of that. StePhAn Metzger
OskALOOsA | sOPhOmOre
Crunchy chicken cheddar wraps. Id be dead in a week, but it would be a very happy week. chriStinA gArciA
kAnsAs CitY, kAn. | seniOr
My moms enchiladas. Cant get them like that anywhere in Kansas City. No one makes them like her. MAtt lAnning
shAwnee | seniOr
Wings. You can do a million different flavors with them and theres never a bad time for wings.
// miChAeL BednAr
EVERYDAY
02 17 11
SAKE BOMBS
12
Hailing from Los Angeles, four-piece alternative outfit Abe Vigoda began in 2004 as a group of high school friends covering Smashing Pumpkins songs. Now on tour supporting their third full-length album Crush, the band has carved out their own dynamic sound, chock full of reverb and electronic evolution. Self described as new wave post-punk, Abe Vigodas latest release has a heavy synthesizer presence, making it dancier than the bands earlier stuff. We try to take a new direction with every album, and with Crush we had the idea to venture into more electronic territory, guitarist Juan Velazquez says. Citing Kate Bush and Arthur Russell as influences on their new sound, the addition of
// MICHAeL BeDNAR
Contributed photo Fair trade: The Mirth Caf offers a quiet place to study or meet up with friends for a meal and some coffee. The caf also hosts open mic poetry readings and showcases work by local artists.
A L L Y O U C A N E AT
CARAFES OF PA I S A N O S
13
02 17 11
Contributed photo Spot-on: Animal print is everywhere this season, but dont overdo it. Let the print pop by keeping the rest of your outfit simple. mure outfit. Secondly, do not combine prints. This move is solely reserved for the very famous, the very avant-garde or the very stupid. Pairing a leopard print skirt with a striped top should be done with caution. With that being said, go and find out your print persona. Are you the type to sport a waist-length blazer or would you rather wrap yourself in a spotted scarf? // cHELSEA THEnO
White Chocolate
(785) 856-9246 | 933 Massachusetts Street
15
02 17 11