Trends in Flight Operations. Future HCC vs. OCC
Trends in Flight Operations. Future HCC vs. OCC
Trends in Flight Operations. Future HCC vs. OCC
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Hub vs. Ops Control An Introduction Developments, Drivers & Future Challenges Best Practice Concepts An Outlook
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
Both Hub and Ops Control are responsible for the Airline Operation within the agreed Business Objectives
- Airline Flight Planning Process and Business Objectives -
Commercial Planning
6 months
Tactical Planning
28 days
Operational Planning
3 days
Operations / Production
Flight Planning
Business Objectives
Regularity
Punctuality
Safety
Profitability
Airlines Profitability is driven by operations which can produce the plan with a minimum of changes
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC -3May 08
In general the passenger journey is handled seperatly from the aircraft rotation
- Customer vs. Aircraft Journey -
B
The customer journey (typically controlled by Airline Passenger Services)
Check In
Customer boarded
Customer seated
Check In
Customer boarded
Customer seated
Check In
Customer boarded
Customer seated
The traffic flow (controlled by Airline Operations Control) Aircraft Load Depart Flight Arrive Unload Load Depart Aircraft Flight Arrive Unload
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
Independent from the airline network structure Ops Control responsibility is to supervice the network traffic
- Airline Network Types -
Point to Point
G I F H E K C D N E B O F G
Multi Hub
A B
Hub 1
Hub
C D C J I H
Hub 2
G
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
The central responsibility of Hub Control is the efficient passenger and baggage management
- Hub Control / Main Task & Handling Processes -
Inbound
Air
Touch Down
On Block
Off Block
Airborne
Outbound
Air
RunTaxiway
RunTaxiway
Position
Aircraft Handling
Position
Pax Transfer Management Inbound Bag Transfer Management A/C / Ramp Management Outbound
The responsibilities of HCC include tasks in the area of planning, control and support functions for other areas
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC -6May 08
Operations Controls focus is on irregularity management before departure and during flight
- Ops Control / Key Processes -
Airborne
In-Flight
Touch Down
On Block Air
RunTaxiway
RunTaxiway
Position
Position
Arrival
Turn Around
The responsibilities of OCC include tasks in the area of centralized management of all network operations, monitoring & predicting irregularities, execution of recovery plans, etc.
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC -7May 08
The turnaround of an aircraft is the result of a number of landside and airside processes
EK Outbound - Overview Turnaround Processes -
Crew Crew Transport Transport Flight Flight Dispatch Dispatch Cargo Cargo Loading Loading Fuelling Fuelling
Catering Catering
Inbound Flight
Outbound Flight
Ramp Ramp Services Services
Boarding Boarding
Check-in Check-in
Cleaning Cleaning
Landside
Airside Processes
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
During an aircraft turnaround Ops Control has to interact with Hub Control
- Overview Process Owners & Stakeholders -
GroundHandler Services
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
The Hub Control Center structure consists of 12 key s functions and consist of defined scope
- Hub Control Control Center Catering De-Icing Fueling/ Cleaning
Transfer Management
Maintenance
Handle all on-ground aircrafts securely and in time, as well as transport the passengers and their luggage as requested. This includes controlling- and scheduling functions as well as support functions, which serves as a basis for other areas. Make allowances for the traffic growth and to compensate for limitations in the infrastructure Manage all TARMAC / APRON traffic and optimisation of all ground processes Prompt and active controlling of A/C turn-around processes through customer oriented, efficient and timely communication
Yield Management
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Operations Control Center (OCC) consist of multiple stakeholders with a well-defined scope
- Integrated Operations Control Center -
Centrally manage all operations of aircraft, cargo, crews and across the entire network Close collaboration with Maintenance & Hub Control to ensure A/C availability to produce the Flight Schedule
Crew Control
Journey Management
Operations Control
Predict, and monitor potential flight & ground irregularities Implement crew, fleet and passenger recovery plans when needed Return the airline flight schedule to an s on-time state as quickly and efficiently as possible following major disruptions which occur
Flight Dispatch
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
With respect to the number of delays / cancellation different modes of operation are defined
- Mode of Operation & Responsibilities -
Line Management
2
Disruption
3
Incident / Accident
Crisis Management
1
Scheduled Operation Operations Control Processes P1 P2 Px
4
Major Thread
Operation is within normal bandwidth or disrupted because of major irregularities Scope of decisions are within Operations Control Line organisation is responsible for decisions
Any incident / accident or major thread for the company (Staff, Customer, etc.) Scope of decisions are mainly outside Ops Control Dedicated management team (Crisis Team) is responsible for decisions
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
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Hub vs. Ops Control An Introduction Developments, Drivers & Future Challenges Best Practice Concepts An Outlook
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
Over recent years, the European aviation market has witnessed rapid growth in the # of Available Seat Kilometers
- Airline Indicator Traffic GrowthTraffic Growth within Europe Comments / Constraints
Year
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
European airlines have witnessed a significant increase in Passenger Revenue related to this increase in ASK as well s
- Performance Indicator Revenue GrowthRevenue Development in Europe Comments / Constraints
25.000 Revnue US $ (in 1.000's) 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 Year 1999 2001 2003 Pax US$ cargo Total US$
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
U S cen t
150
100
50
0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
The % of flights delayed across Europe major hubs has s been steadily increasing
- Performance Indicator On-Time Performance Development of % of Flights Delayed within Europe
60,00
Comments / Constraints
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
The effect weather has played on the frequency of delays has been significantly controlled as of late
- Performance Indicator On-Time Performance% of Flights facing Weather Delays
18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 -2,0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Madrid Rome Munich Paris CDG Frankfurt Zurich Amsterdam London Heathrow Average
Comments / Constraints
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
Delays resulting from the inefficient handling of aircraft and passenger / cargo loads are increasing
- Performance Indicator On-time Performance% of Flights facing Delays from Inefficiencies in Flight Operations
10,0 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Madrid Rome Munich Paris CDG Frankfurt Zurich Amsterdam London Heathrow Average
Comments / Constraints
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
Delays are increasingly being attributed to late arriving aircraft requiring improvements in delay management
- Performance Indicator On-time Performance% of Flights facing Delays due to Late Arriving Aircraft
18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Madrid Rome Munich Paris CDG Frankfurt Zurich Amsterdam London Heathrow Average
Comments / Constraints
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
Delays resulting from the failures in the maintenance of equipment are again increasing
- Performance Indicator On-time Performance% of Flights facing Delays due to Equipment Maintenance Failures
6,0
Comments / Constraints
5,0
4,0
Rome Munich Paris CDG Frankfurt Zurich Amsterdam London Heathrow Average
3,0 2,0
1,0
0,0 1999 -1,0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
Delays resulting from Air Traffic Control (ATC) management of s airport operations have been significant and rising rapidly
- Performance Indicator On-time Performance% of Flights facing Delays due to ATC
20,0 18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Madrid Rome Munich Paris CDG Frankfurt Zurich Amsterdam London Heathrow Average
Comments / Constraints
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
Comments Rankings are based on IFR departures standing in terms of passengers would look significantly different Two dynamics influence the shuffling of airport rankings: airport capacity and stronger growth in Eastern Europe
Strong traffic growth as well as
solid national economic growth contribute to Prague, Dublin, Budapest and Warsaw advancing sharply in the rankings
*Datasource: EUROCONTROL Long-Term Forecast IFR Flight Movements 2006-2025
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
May 08
In the future some major challenges for airlines will include enhancing punctuality, passenger connections and smooth & efficient operations
- Future Challenges of an Airline -
Enhance punctuality, improve passenger connection at airline hubs and ensure smooth / efficient operations Integrate the Hub and Operations Control of the airline to manage disruptions / delays and provide efficient passenger re-accommodation and aircraft / crew recovery Ensure complete system coverage over an airline entire route network of international, s domestic, LCC and Cargo flights Employ systems / processes that ensure continuous liaison between the IT systems / personnel managing reservations, revenue management, scheduling, sales & marketing engineering and operations so to allocate appropriately range aircraft to routes consistent with fluctuating demand Optimize aircraft and related resource utilization with appropriate interfaces between the resource allocation systems and commercial and financial functions
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC - 24 May 08
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Hub vs. Ops Control An Introduction Development, Drivers & Future Challenges Best Practice Concepts An Outlook
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
As decision making shifts from OCC to HCC the question is how s s, airlines can best align their organization and various responsibilities
- HCC / OCC Business Model -
Business Processes
Hub Control Center processes & responsibilities Operations Control processes & responsibilities Collaboration with other departments from the organization Process Blueprints
IT Architecture IT Framework HCC / OCC IT System Vendors Physical layout of Command Control Center Performance Benchmarking
IT / Infrastructure
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
With a shift in control responsibility, OCC can focus on the outstations timely A/C turnaround and HCC on the Hub transfer management s
- Transition of Control from OCC to HCC & OCC-
1970
2005
OCC
OCC
HCC
OCC
Outstations
Hub
Outstations
Outstations
Hub
Outstations
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
General Structure of a Command and Control Centre including OCC and HCC
- Integrated OCC and HCC Model -
Airflow Display
HCC
OCC
Security Security
Engineering Engineering
Cleaning Cleaning
Catering Catering
Cargo Cargo
Connectivity Connectivity
As the visibility, outsourcing and option limitation of outstations continue to increase, utmost importance will concentrate around the Hub
- Shift of Majority Control from OCC to HCC -
Future
B C D H G F A E
HCC
OCC
HCC
OCC
HCC
OCC
HCC
OCC
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08
Possible Structure of a Future Command and Control Centre including HCC and OCC
- Integrated Model of a Majority Control Focused HCC with Support from OCC -
Airflow Display
HCC
OCC
Security Security
Engineering Engineering
Cleaning Cleaning
Catering Catering
Cargo Cargo
Connectivity Connectivity
Main challenges for Airlines decision making process in HCC/OCC for the future years to come
Airlines not Justified for Adopting this Concept While the concept of a more influential HCC is justified for airlines operating out of multiple hubs, single hub airlines would not notice valuable benefits Effect on Delays & Performance Trends Through its ability to more proactively partake and influence the decision making of an airline on the operational level, improvements within Turnaround, Transfer & OTP management could be achieved by an airline Continued Influence of Airport Infrastructure If an airline chooses to shift control from its OCC to even the most efficient and state-ofthe-art HCC, airlines operating out of hubs which have poor airport infrastructure will not see all if any of the many possible improvements
AGIFORS Airline Operations 2008 Amsterdam Trends in Flight Operations Future HCC vs. OCC
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May 08