Mechatronics Handbook 2009
Mechatronics Handbook 2009
Mechatronics Handbook 2009
Table of Contents
Contacts .... 4 Mechatronics Engineering Undergraduate Course Structure... 6 First Professional Year Courses 7 Second Professional Year Courses .. 10 Third Professional Year Courses .. 14 Third Professional Year Project - Team Project . 18 Third Professional Year Project - Individual Project . 20 Other Requirements for the BE (Hons) Degree . 24 English Language....... 24 Practical Work Experience .... 24 Practical Work Reports .. 24 First Aid Training .... 25 Mechanical Workshop Training ... 25 Electrical Workshop Training ... 26
BE (Hons) Requirements Eligibility for Honours .. 27 Departmental Grading Practice . 28 What Happens if Courses are Failed? . 29 Regulations Relevant to all Courses 30 Coursework Requirements 30 Dishonest Practice . 30 Aegrotats . 31 Department Policy to Sit Tests etc on Other than Scheduled Dates . 32 Reconsideration of Grades ... 32
Enrolment Requirements 34 What to do if you have Problems .. 34 Report Writing .. 35 Postgraduate Study in Mechatronics Engineering 37 Laboratory / Workshop / Computing Facilities 39 Electronic Calculators for Use in Engineering . 39 Personal Computers 40
This booklet is published for the information of current students. All reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the information contained herein is correct at the time of going to press, however, the matters covered are subject to change. The Department reserves the right to make such changes as it may judge to be necessary. The University Calendar should be consulted to definitive details of regulations and prescriptions.
Contacts
All staff of the Departments are very willing to give advice on any general or specific matters relating to University study. There are some functions for which specific staff members should be consulted. For serious disputes or grievances concerning courses, lecturers, administrative practices, help can be directly sought from: A/Prof XiaoQi Chen Director, Mechatronics Engineering Programme xiaoqi.chen@canterbury.ac.nz Tel: (03) 364 2987 ext 7221 A/Prof Richard Duke Dean, the College of Engineering engineeringdean@canterbury.ac.nz Tel: (03) 3642 202
Relevant contacts in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (http://www.elec.canterbury.ac.nz), and the Department of Mechanical Engineering (http://www.mech.canterbury.ac.nz/) are listed below. Details of the contacts locations, email addresses and telephone numbers can be found on the departments websites. Department of Electrical and Department of Mechanical Computer Engineering Engineering Head of Department Prof Rick Millane A/Prof Milo Kral Prof Geoff Chase Kay Caudwell / Margot Beck Dr Alan Tucker Dr Mark Jermy A/Prof Susan Krumdieck Dr Mathieu Sellier Dr John Pearse A/Prof Susan Krumdieck Prof Geoff Chase Dr Dirk Pons Dr Shayne Gooch Mr Mike Flaws Mr Paul Southward Mike Flaws Labs/Workshop; Rodney Elliot / Julian Murphy Mechatronics; Julian Phillips / Gerry Kirk - Electronics Mr Scott Amies
Coordinator for Mechatronics Dr Paul Gaynor Administrator Undergraduate Studies / Teaching & Learning Director of Postgraduate Studies 1st Professional Year 2nd Professional Year 3rd Professional Year 3rd Pro Project Students with Disabilities Workshop Training Courses Practical Work Coordinator Safety Officer Computing Donna Cheal Dr Chris Arnold Dr Philippa Martin Dr Michael Hayes Dr Alan Wood A/Prof Neville Watson A/Prof Peter Smith Dr Chris Arnold Mr Mike Cusdin Prof Peter Gough Mr Mike Cusdin Mr Pieter Kikstra Mr Florin Predan Ken Smart Machines Randy Hampton Electronics Jac Woudberg - HV Lab Randy Hampton
Laboratories:
Student workshop:
Intermediate Year
Electives in recommended pathways ENEL351 -W Signals, Systems & Control ENEL353 -W Computer Hardware Eng 1
ENEL440 -W Signal Processing ENEL429 -W Computer H/W Engrg ENEL436 -W Power Electronics 2 ENEL434 -W Electronics 2 ENEL428 -W Software Engineering 2 ENEL438 -W Economics & Management
ENEL351 -W Signals, Systems & Control COSC361 -S1 Microprocessor System 1 ENEL333 -W Electronics 1, or ENEL323 -W Computer Software Eng1
ENMT463 -S1 Robotics Smart Prod and Systems electives ENEL429 -W Computer H/W Engrg ENEL436 -W Power Electronics 2 ENMT453 -S2 Advanced Control COSC428 -S2 Computer Vision
ENEL353 -W Computer Hardware Eng1 ENME333 -S2 Control Engineering ENEL333 -W Electronics 1, or ENEL323 -W Computer Software Eng1
ENME456 -S1 CA Prod Design ENMT463 -S1 Robotics ENME432 -S1 Vibration ENME474 S2 Aerodynamics
COSC361 -S1 Microprocessor System 1 ENME333 -S2 Control Engineering And two of the following three: ENEL333 -W Electronics 1 ENEL323 -W Computer Software Eng1 ENME224 -S2 Fluidic Mechanics A
Manufacturing & Design electives ENME440 -S1 Mech Sys Design (Process) ENME441 -S2 Mech Sys Design - (spec.Appl) ENME456 -S1 CA Prod Design ENME450 -S2 Industrial Management ENMT463 -S1 Robotics ENME43 2-S1 Mechanics of Vibration 2ENME474 S2 Aerodynamics
Compulsory: ENMT301 -W Mechatronics System Design EMTH391 -S2 Engr. Applied Math & Statistics Engrg Appl Maths and Statistics ENEL335 -W Power Electronics 1 -S1 Operations & Quality Mgm ENMT322 -S1 Operations & Quality Management ENME331 -S1 Dynamics Compulsory: ENMT401 Mechatronics Project ENME433 -S1 Modern Control Theory ENMT443 -S2 Measurement Technology
Note: ENMT443 and ENMT463 are late offerings for 2009. Students wishing to enrol these papers are advised to contact Programme Director for approvals.
In the second semester, students design and implement a control system for a 5-storey elevator which is modelled after the ones in Mechanical/Civil building. The winning team will be awarded the Elevator Action Cup.
PLC Pressure sensor input to PLC
System Tank
Manual Valve
The PLC setup in the 1st Pro Design Lab for sensor/actuator/control laboratories and Elevator Action Project
Students are required to implement closed-loop water level control using PLC.
Engineering Mathematics Differentiation and integration of functions of several variables. Laplace transform methods. Applications to ordinary differential equations. Fourier series. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Options Calculus & Algebra Multivariate Calculus and Differential Equations Mathematical Modelling and Computation 2 Matrix algebra. User-defined functions. Surface plotting. Modelling projects. Engineering applications.
EMTH 271
Numerical methods.
ENMT 201
Introduction to Mechatronics Sensors, actuators, PLC, ladder logic programming, I/Os and signal conditioning, mechanical design, electrical design, electrical circuit theorem, control, project management.
ENME 222
Mechanics of Materials A Statics. Linear elastic stress and strain. Axial loadings. Torsion. Analysis of stresses and deflections in beams. Statically indeterminate problems. Mechanics of Machines Kinematics of mechanisms. Forces of machine elements, gears, balance of rotating and reciprocating machines. Friction devices. Engineering Thermodynamics A First law for closed and open systems. Second law, thermodynamic properties, ideal and practical heat engine cycles. Principles of Electronics Semiconductor devices. Electronic circuits. Transistor amplifiers. Operational amplifiers. Power supplies. Principles of Computing An introduction to computer programming in C, digital logic, computer architecture, microprocessor programming (assembler and C), embedded systems, and software engineering.
ENME 223
ENME 225
ENEL 203
ENEL 206
EMTH391-S2
0.100
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Signal Processing in the 3rd Pro. ENEL351 is the prerequisite for ENEL440 Signal Processing. It also meets the pre-requisite for ENME433. 3. Note: Students with a sufficiently high grade in EMTH204 may offer an alternative elective in lieu of EMTH391 subject to approval from the Head of Department. The 2nd Professional Year is extensively integrated with the backbone design course ENMT301 Mechatronics System Design, a double-weight whole-year course. The first semester of the course teaches design concepts, innovative design, mechanisms and transmission. It encompasses several design assignments. The second semester of ENMT301 is largely devoted to the Canterbury Robocup: Search and Rescue competition project. It challenges students knowledge of electro-mechanical and software design to accomplish a complex task involving a telerobot. The Canterbury RoboCup: Search and Rescue competition requires students, working in teams of three, to design and build a mobile robotic system capable of quickly locating and gathering objects within the field of play. No human intervention will be allowed once the mobile robot begins operation. Each team will be provided with a basic wheeled robotic platform and selection of sensors, actuators and fabrication materials. The teams are required to: 1. clearly identify the problem requirements, 2. generate and evaluate design concepts, 3. design and fabricate a manipulator for the mobile robot, 4. design and fabricate appropriate sensing mechanisms, 5. design control software to accomplish the prescribed tasks, 6. test and debug the system, 7. and document the design and results.
Mechanical manipulator picks up the target after a mobile robot detects it.
Second Professional Year Course Description Microprocessor Systems 1 Combinational and sequential logic, embedded processors and memory systems, microprocessor peripherals and interfacing, program development using interrupt and polling techniques, writing software for embedded systems using assembly language Engineering Applied Mathematics & Statistics Elementary probability and statistics, distributions, estimation and confidence intervals, goodness of fit tests. Partial differential equations, their use in modelling engineering applications, methods of solution and properties of these solutions.
COSC 361
EMTH 391
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ENMT 301
Mechanical Engineering Design A The design process, design concept, sensors & actuators, computer vision, digital data acquisition and processing, Java programming, system integration, Canterbury RoboCup: Search and Rescue competition design project. Operations and Quality Management Accounting, financial analysis, marketing, ethics, facility management, process analysis and selection, independent demand, MRP, JIT, scheduling, quality management, Taguchi Methods, SPC, DOE. Fluid Mechanics A Fluid statics, fluid dynamics. Bernoulli and momentum equations, laminar and turbulent flow. Dynamics Free and forced vibrations. Damped single degree of freedom systems. Transmitted forces and vibration isolation. Two degrees of freedom systems. Mechanics of Materials B Energy methods, axisymmetric stress analysis, stability of columns, the analysis of compound stress states, theories of failure. Control Engineering System modelling, dynamic response, feedback properties, root locus analysis, frequency domain analysis and design. Computer Software Engineering 1 Introduction to software engineering fundamentals. Programming in the C language Number representations. Data structures and algorithms. Abstraction, modules and objects. Designing for efficiency. Electronics 1 Audio and RF electronics: Biasing and stability. Actual circuits and noise, Tunedload, and differential amplifiers. Oscillators, mixers, modulators and demodulators. Low noise amplifiers. Power amplifiers. Phase-locked loops.
ENMT 322
ENME 224
ENME 331
ENME 332
ENME 333
ENEL 323
ENEL 333
ENEL 335
Power Electronics 1 Continuous transient behaviour of power electronic circuits. Energy transformations and their control. Analysis of rectifier, converter and chopper circuits. Introduction to the control of power electronic circuits.
ENEL 351
Signals, Systems and Control System Modelling. Analogue Signals. Convolution and correlation. Fourier and Laplace Transforms. Random processes. Sampled signals and systems. Discrete Fourier Transform. Z-transforms. Analogue and digital filters. Control strategies: open-loop, feedforward and feedback control systems. Stability, performance and sensitivity analysis. Lag and lead compensation. Frequency domain design. PID controllers. Elements of nonlinear control.
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ENEL 353
Computer Hardware Engineering 1 Digital logic. Data representation. Digital components and signals. Combinational and sequential logic design and realisation. Microprocessor system design and programming. Simple and complex programmable logic devices. Hardware description languages and introduction to VHDL. CPU design and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).
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Required 3rd Pro Core Curriculum ENMT401-W ENME433-S1 ENMT443-S2 (1) Mechatronics Project Modern Control Theory Measurement Technology Sub-Total 0.200 0.100 0.100 0.40
The following elective list is broken into 3 mandatory focus streams, and students choose electives up to ~1.00 EFTS within one of the streams. Electronics Focus Stream (Choose 4 out of 7 electives) ENEL440-W ENEL429-W ENEL436-W ENEL434-W ENEL428-W ENEL438-W ENMT463-S1 (2) Signal Processing Computer Hardware Engineering 2 Power Electronics 2 Electronics 2 Computer Software Engineering 2 Economics & Management Robotics Total for Electronics Stream 0.160 0.160 0.160 0.160 0.160 0.160 0.100 0.98 1.04
Smart Products & Systems Focus Stream (Choose 5 or 6 out of 8 electives to make 0.985 EFTS or more) ENEL429-W ENEL436-W ENMT453-S2 COSC428-S2 ENME456-S1 ENMT463-S1 Computer Hardware Engrg Power Electronics 2 Advanced Control Computer Vision Computer-Aided Product Design Robotics 0.160 0.160 0.100 0.125 0.100 0.100
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Mechanics of Vibration Special topic: Thermo-fluids Aerodynamics Total for Smart Prod & System Stream
Manufacturing & Design Focus Stream (choose 6 out of 8 electives to make 1.00 EFTS) ENME436-S2 ENME456-S1 ENME450-S2 ENMT463-S1 ENME440-S1 ENME432-S1 ENME448-S1 ENME474-S2 Advanced Manufacturing Technology Computer-Aided Product Design Industrial Management Robotics Mechanical System Design - Process Mechanics of Vibration Special topic: Thermo-fluids Aerodynamics Total for Manufacturing & Design Stream 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 1.00
Notes: 1. ENMT443 Measurement Technology and ENME443 are restricted. Open to ME/ECE students. 2. ENMT463 Robotics is open to ME/ECE students. 3. ENMT443 and ENMT463 will take effect in 2009 subject to NZVCC CUAP approval due December 2009. 4. Students pick one of thee focus streams, and then a selection of electives within it. 5. In special cases, a combination of courses from different streams may be selected subject to HODs approval. The capstone of the three Professional Year Mechatronics Engineering training is ENMT401 Third Professional Year Project. The Mechatronics Engineering Programme offers students unparalleled advantages and flexibility in selecting mechatronics projects to suit their strength and interests. They can undertake team projects, which are administrated and supervised by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, or individual projects in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Third Professional Year Course Description Project All candidates are required to undertake project work, submit progress and final reports and present their work orally. The project work and the reports collectively carry the weight of one course.
ENMT 401
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ENMT 443
Measurement Technology Continuation of the study of Mechatronics Engineering as a discipline. Instrumentation and measurement techniques. In-depth and broad study of sensing techniques, supervisory control and data acquisition. Robotics Continuation of the study of Mechatronics Engineering in robotics as an important mechatronics element. In-depth study of robot kinematics, mobility, programming and control, robot applications. Team project. Computer Vision This course covers advanced techniques and algorithms used in real-time computer vision and image processing design. Mechanics of Vibration Vibration of discrete and continuous systems. Newtonian and Lagrangian equations of motion. Rayleigh's principle, The Rayliegh-Ritz method. Modern Control Theory State-space descriptions, modal equations, controllability, state feedback, pole placement, optimal control, digital implementation. Mechanical System Design - Process Design management and project engineering, the design process, creative design, engineering decision making, mechanical system design. Industrial Management Social and environmental impact of industrial operations, engineering ethics, organisations, marketing, finance, marketing, law and corporate strategy. Computer Aided Product Development An in-depth study of some of the advanced technologies being actively adopted by leading design and manufacturing industries worldwide, exploring rapid product development techniques and technologies aimed at reducing product development lead-time within a Design For Manufacture (DFM) context. Aerodynamics This course covers the elements of aerodynamics required to design ground and air vehicles, and industrial aerodynamic systems including turbines. Drag, lift, control and stability will be covered together with practical tools for aerodynamic design. Computer Software Engineering 2 Object oriented software design, implementation, and testing with C++ and Java. Team software specification and management. Cross-platform tools and development of graphical-user-interfaces. Advanced software algorithms and architecture. Software engineering practice and methods. Computer Hardware Engineering 2 Design and implementation of advanced logic systems. Computer, micro-processor and digital signal processor systems and their implementation. High level hardware design language. Practical issues in advanced digital hardware design.
ENMT463
COSC 428
ENME 432
ENME 433
ENME 440
ENME 450
ENME 456
ENME474
ENEL 428
ENEL 429
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ENEL 434
Electronics 2 Designing amplifier, oscillator and modulator circuits for high frequency operation using discrete components. Coupling of components and impedance matching with striplines. Analogue filter design. Principles of radio receiver design for low noise, high selectivity, and adjacent channel rejection. Instrumentation circuits. Designing for EMI suppression. Power Electronics 2 Analysis and design of high frequency switching converters, including magnetic circuit design. Semiconductor devices, drivers and protection. Motor control and drives. Economics and Management Business planning, financial analysis of investment options, marketing, basic microeconomics, management and organisation. Additional selected topics. Signal Processing Sampled and discrete signals, digital filter design, finite word length effects, transforms, random processes, statistical signal detection and estimation, adaptive filtering, multirate signal processing.
ENEL 436
ENEL 438
ENEL 440
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Laboratory Hours and Access During normal working hours students must obtain permission from their supervisor(s) and from the technician in charge of the work area, before commencing any work on projects. Access Outside Normal Working Hours Students may, in some circumstances, have access to laboratories after hours by completing standard authorisation form No. 4, obtainable from Administration on Level 5. Students must obtain an authorisation signature from their project supervisor and from the person responsible for the laboratory in question. Where machinery is to be operated or other hazardous operations are to be carried out, another person must be present in the laboratory. Special conditions may apply concerning safety or security. However, students are strongly encouraged to confine their activities in laboratories to normal working hours. Student Workshop Facilities Third Professional year students are permitted to use the machine tools and workshop equipment in room 156 for their project work if they have completed an approved 35 hour workshop training course or have been exempted from that course. The room is strictly for University work and is only available during normal working hours, i.e. 8.30 am to 5.00 pm Monday to Friday. Equipment must not be taken out of this room for use elsewhere. Any breakage or mishap must be reported to the Departmental Workshop Manager, Scott Amies. Purchasing After having first obtained authorisation from the project supervisor, equipment and materials for projects may be purchased through the following staff members: Ron Tinker, Kevin Stobbs, Julian Murphy and Scott Amies. Main Workshop Facilities Students who require the support of machine shop facilities for their projects must furnish correct working drawings of their requirements to their supervisor for approval. Upon receiving approval, they must consult the Technical Officer in charge of the Workshop facilities for allocation of a Workshop technician and Workshop time.
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Each student will complete a brief project proposal. The components of this proposal will be: 1 2 3 4 Restatement of the project description and goals in your own words. Brief outline of proposed approach, including major aspects or tasks to be completed. Components budget. Technical services budget.
Students will be notified if their budget is approved. If not, consultation with your project supervisor will be required so that the scope or approach of the project can be revised. The progress report is limited to 5 pages, including diagrams, graphs and charts. Page format as stated above must be adhered to. The purpose of the progress report is to ensure that you are making satisfactory progress towards the completion of your project. It should include information regarding tasks already completed (ordering of components, completion of circuit simulations, construction of prototype, initial testing, etc) as well as a description and schedule of remaining tasks. A good introduction for this report can often be included essentially verbatim in the final report. Marking of your report will be done by your project supervisor. The project inspection is a big event. A non-functioning project at this point can lead to considerable stress, reinforcing the need for significant effort to be allocated early on, as opposed to the last minute. Your supervisor along with two other members of staff will evaluate and assess your project. You will be expected to briefly explain your project, demonstrate it, and answer any questions the assessors may have. You must be fully prepared to start your inspection promptly as scheduled. The project report will be marked by your supervisor and one other member of staff. A report template will be distributed for you to follow. Reports not adhering to the guidelines will be assessed a penalty. All students enrolled in ENEL427 must attend the full day of oral presentations. Students unable to attend the full day of presentations must request permission in writing at least one week in advance, and the reason must be significant. Each student will make a 5 minute presentation, followed by a 5 minute question and answer period. The audience will be comprised of your fellow classmates, members of staff, visitors from local industry and research organisations, and 2nd Pro students. Every presentation must be made using PowerPoint, which must be submitted in advance. No changes to your presentation are permitted after submission. No other audio-visual aids are permitted. Key elements to convey include: 1 2 3 4 What your project was about; Significance/ importance of your project; Your approach; What was achieved.
Laboratory Access Work space will be arranged for you by your project supervisor. For safety reasons, no student may work alone in any laboratory or in the student workshop the only exceptions are DSL, CAE2 and the student Electronic workshop. Laboratory access is restricted to the following times: Monday 9 am to 12 pm, Friday 9 am to 1 pm, and Friday 2 pm to 5 pm unless your supervisor arranges other times for you. Failure to abide by laboratory rules may result in expulsion from the laboratory for the remainder of the academic year making it somewhat difficult to complete your work. Note that laboratories are generally not available during term breaks. Before the end of the scheduled time in any laboratory, you
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must clean your area and put away / return any equipment. This is particularly critical in any laboratory used for teaching. Staff do not expect to remain after 5 pm so plan ahead. Components Some projects (for example, purely software based projects) require essentially no budget and no components. Others rely quite heavily on access to the department store room A117, run by Mr Dudley Berry room A117b. Store hours for 3rd Pro students are 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday with assistance available Mondays from 9 am to noon, and Fridays from 9 am to 5 pm, with the store closed for lunch. It is the responsibility of each student to keep track of their project expenditure; projects will in general not be allowed to go over their approved budget. If you require components not stocked in the Store, you must obtain details of: price including freight, availability, supplier details, and complete a 2009 3rd Pro order request [available from the Store]. Hand this form to Mr. Berry who will arrange the ordering. Full instructions are posted in the Store. Students will not be reimbursed for out of pocket expenses under any circumstances. Students are not permitted to exceed their project budget by purchasing components themselves. It is not possible to purchase items from the store for personal use due to University regulations. Mechanical Work Students are expected to carry out all project work themselves, but in certain cases specific mechanical work (e.g. welding) must be completed by technical staff. Such work will be arranged through consultation with Mr Ron Battersby, who is also in charge of the student workshop. Electrical Work In the first instance, students requiring PCB fabrication should discuss their needs with the Electronics Workshop. All students performing practical work must provide their own hand tools (i.e. pliers, wire cutters, wire strippers, etc.). Instruments The department has an extensive inventory of electrical instrumentation which may be used through the Electronics, Machines and/or Controls Laboratories. Each laboratory supervisor can advise as to booking procedures. Any faults with equipment must be reported in writing at the time of return to avoid penalty. A few final pieces of advice, to take or leave 1. Define and agree with your supervisor on a list of objectives for your project. Be clear on the real purpose/intended function of your project. 2. Draw up and periodically update a schedule for your entire project. Define intermediate objectives and minor objectives on a day-to-day basis. Learn to set realistic goals based on your experience. 3. Plan your report early; it can be invaluable in setting goals. 4. Keep very detailed notes. Attach simulation results, plots, photographs, etc. in your notebook for easy reference when you go to write your report. Keep all data organised. If you refer to a book, article, or item on the web, write this source down clearly so you can find it again later. 22
5. Be wary of devoting too much or too little time to your project. It is only one aspect of your final year. Ignoring it will result in disappointment but too much attention at the expense of other papers will, too! 6. Are there any intellectual property issues for your project? Have you created something truly innovative, possibly with commercial potential? Feel free to discuss this possibility with your project supervisor if you feel it applies to you. 7. Meet with your supervisor regularly, even if youre stuck, have not made much progress (or any progress) since your last meeting, or feel you dont need any advice. An exception would be if you have contracted a particularly contagious cold. In that case, it might be better to phone or email from home. 8. Remember that your supervisor must be satisfied that you have been making a concerted effort throughout the year, and not just the last few weeks before project inspections. Meeting with her/him is the best way to do this. 9. Mentoring programmes Trained mentors are available to help students adjust to university life. Mentors are experienced students studying a variety of courses. Your mentor will work with you to help you find your way around the campus, give you lots of survival tips, answer questions about the university and its systems, advise you where to go or who to see, introduce you to other students, and make the place seem less isolating. Your mentor is a friendly face, someone to share worries and concerns with and to provide you with encouragement and support. For further information go to www.canterbury.ac.nz/sas/mentoring (includes a link to register for a mentor) or email mentoring@canterbury.ac.nz
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Important Dates for Practical Work 4 March Final date for completion of practical work (and First Aid requirements see below) for students wishing to graduate in April. Due date for submission of practical work reports for all other students. Due date for submission of applications for exemption of practical work. Final date for completion of practical work (and First Aid) requirements for students wishing to graduate in December.
1 April
1 November
First Aid Training At some stage before you graduate you are required to present to the College of Engineering Office a valid First Aid certificate, taught by a University approved organisation. Courses in First Aid are arranged through the College of Engineering Office and will be listed on www.engf.canterbury.ac.nz/practical/other.shtml. The College of Engineering Office has details of which certificates are approved. Mechanical Workshop Training In order to become familiar with workshop processes, methods, the use of hand tools, welding, lathes and other machine tools, you are required to undertake Workshop Training. The Department of Mechanical Engineering offers a 35 hour training course in the evenings or during the holidays. You may also complete this training at an approved establishment. Further information about cost and timetables can be obtained from the Department. This course is not available to Intermediate Year students. It is strongly recommended that first year students with little or no experience with engineering tools complete the Workshop Training Course before the start of the Second Semester. In any case Workshop Training should have been completed before enrolling for any subject in the 2nd Professional year. Exemptions may be given to students who have completed an appropriate indentured apprenticeship, or have completed appropriate work for a NZ Certificate of Engineering. Those wishing to apply for an exemption from undertaking workshop training should see the Workshop Training Supervisor.
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Electrical Workshop Training The electrical workshop training course is run by the department in the Electronics Laboratory on Level 2 and is repeated four times during the year. The course instructors insist that the courses start on time and therefore will refuse entry to any student arriving late. Electrical Workshop Dates Course E09/1 E09/2 E09/3 E09/4 E09/5 2009 Dates and Times Monday 6 & Tuesday 7 April Wednesday 8 & Thursday 9 April Monday 20 & Tuesday 21 April Wednesday 22 & Thursday 23 April Wednesday 8 & Thursday 9 July
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The number in brackets refer to the scale A+ = 9, A = 8, A- = 7, .........C = 2, D = 0, E = -1. NOTE: The GPA of Honours Class/Division may vary between departments. The ranges of GPA "cut-off" are set at the Examiners Meeting at the end of the year and may vary from year to year. It is stressed that the figures in the table above are only a guide and are NOT a rigid basis for determining which class of Honours a particular student may receive. In recent years, the GPA cut-off points in Mechanical Engineering mostly have been higher than those in the table above; but the proportion of students receiving each of the grades of Honours has not declined. Calculation Details In calculating the Grade Point Average for a particular professional year only "first attempt" grades are considered. Thus if a student fails a course with a D and in a subsequent year passes that course or another course to be offered in lieu of the failed course with a B, only the D appears in the calculation.
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If an examiner awards grades within a course such that the course GPA falls outside these guideline values by more than 0.5 (half a grade) in either direction, good justification for this deviation is required. In addition to the above guidelines on the overall GPA in each course, there is another set of guidelines (again, historically based) which enables examiners to determine if the distribution of grades about that average is appropriate. These guideline distributions (percentage of class in each grade) for each of the professional years are:
A+ 4 5.5 7.5
A 6 7.5 10.5
A 8 9.5 12
B+ 10.5 12 14
B 12.5 13.5 15
B15 15 14
C+ 16 14.5 12.5
C 17 14 10.5
D 7 5.5 3
E 4 3 1
When these distribution percentages are evaluated and summed in each professional year, the overall GPA guideline figures quoted above are obtained. It must be emphasized that all of these figures are guidelines only, based on averaging results over many years of analysis. They do not mean, for example, that 11% of the students in any 1st Professional course will receive fail grades, regardless of how well they perform. Nor do the figures mean that 7.5% of Third Professional students are guaranteed to receive A+ grades; there is some inevitable variation between courses within each year, and also from year to year. Rather than being slavishly governed by a set of inflexible numbers, examiners take significant notice of where gaps occur in the distribution of raw marks and often adjust their grade boundary points accordingly. Overall this is considered to be fairer to students than invoking a complex scaling system to adjust raw marks to fit to some pre-determined profile and then using a rigid percentage-to-grade conversion algorithm. As a consequence of all of this, and contrary to popular opinion, there is nothing sacrosanct about 50% being the Pass/Fail boundary, although often it will be somewhere around that value.
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1 Students with only one failed course may in exceptional circumstances be considered for the award of a pass in the examination as a whole (PEAW). To be considered for a PEAW, you must have, in the opinion of the Department, a good chance of completing the subsequent professional year without further failure. Current practice is that students with a D grade in the failed course; a weighted grade point average (GPA) in excess of a C+; and carrying at least 0.9 of a full course load are considered for the award of a PEAW. Students who have failed more than one course or who have an E grade in the failed course will not be considered for a PEAW. Note that the award of a pass in the examination as a whole is exceptional and students should neither expect nor rely on one being granted.
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There are severe penalties for handing work in late; typically 20% of marks are deducted for each day late. It is better to hand incomplete work in on time than complete work after the due date. Work handed in for assessment will only be accepted and marked if it has the appropriate Departmental cover sheet attached. On this sheet, you are required to tick one of two boxes (to indicate how you wish to have the marked work returned) and are also required to sign a declaration that it is your own work. Students unable to attend tests or hand in coursework by the due dates because of illness or similar circumstances or who believe their performance was seriously impaired, should consult the section on Aegrotats below. Students are cautioned that failure to submit coursework of a suitable standard by the due dates can result in their being refused permission to sit the end-of-course examinations. If you become involved in representing national sporting or cultural groups and clashes with coursework tests arise, it may be possible to make alternative arrangements for sitting the test/s. The circumstances under which this may be possible are described in Department Policy on Requests to Sit Tests etc on Other Than Scheduled Dates page 31. Dishonest Practice Although there are benefits to be derived from working with others, and this is recognised as part of the learning environment, all work submitted for assessment must be each student's own work. The only exception is where a lecturer has specified that the work should be done in groups. There has been evidence of increasing numbers of dishonest practices in recent years, and students are reminded of the seriousness of such practice, as stated in the University Calendar (General Course and Examination Regulations). Note that plagiarism (presenting the work of others [students or texts] as if it were your own) is a form of dishonest practice.
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Penalties range from receiving no credit for the work in question through to expulsion from the University, depending on the nature of the practice. Recent changes approved by the University Council mean that denial of credit for a course as a result of dishonest practice has the consequence of an X grade being recorded for that course permanently on the students academic transcript. The standard Departmental cover sheet clearly explains what represents dishonest practice. This sheet must be signed before handing the work in, acknowledging that it is your own work. No cover sheet: no signature: no mark!
WARNING Staff will not hesitate to take action if there is evidence of dishonest practice
Aegrotats If you are prevented from completing any major (worth at least 10%) item or items of work for assessment in a course, or you consider that your performance has been impaired by illness or injury or bereavement or any other critical circumstance, you may apply for aegrotat consideration for the work concerned. You may apply on the basis that disrupted preparation through one of these causes has resulted in impaired performance. Note: The Department will inform students of any item of assessed work or any course which is not available for aegrotat consideration. Application must be made to the Registrar no later than seven days after the due date for submission of the work concerned or, in the case of a test or examination, the date of the test or examination, or within such longer period as may be determined in a particular case by the Academic Board. The appropriate form can be obtained from the Registry or Student Health Centre. The application must be supported by satisfactory evidence. In the case of illness or injury to the student, satisfactory evidence must be a confidential report on the prescribed form from a registered medical practitioner, registered dental surgeon, registered midwife or a student counsellor approved by the Academic Board. You will be informed within fourteen days if the grounds for the application are accepted or not accepted, in the former case by the Head of Department and in the latter case by the Registrar. Note: Impairment is not in itself considered adequate grounds for absence from a test or examination. The Department has a system where Special Consideration may be given for items of work worth less than 10%. See your Director of Studies for details. Important Note:
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In order for an examiner to be able to judge the likely performance of a student in an assessment item, which has either been missed or has been completed by the student under some impairment, the examiner must have information of the student's performance in at least one other similar type of assessment in that course. Consequently, in order to be able to consider an aegrotat application for a missed examination, an examiner will need information on how the student performed in any in-course tests (and visa versa). If the student misses both the test(s) and the examination, and applied for aegrotats for both of these clearly important components of assessment, the examiner normally will be lacking sufficient information to be able to be satisfied that the student would have passed the course. For undergraduate courses taught in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, there will be no provision for any special assessment opportunities in circumstances such as this (unless the assessment information for a particular course clearly states otherwise). This notification of the fact that special assessment normally will not be conducted in this department satisfies the Department's obligations under Clause H6 of the General Course and Examination Regulations. Department Policy on Requests to sit tests etc on other than Scheduled Dates 1. Other than the University-wide constraints on when in-term-assessment may be scheduled, which are set by the Academic Administration Committee, any days within academic term time should be regarded as possible dates on which in-term assessment may take place. Any student who makes advance travel or other arrangements which would result in their absence from campus during term time should be aware that in so doing they may be depriving themselves of the opportunity to be assessed on any item(s) of assessment scheduled in that period. 2. Not withstanding 1. above, the University aegrotat procedures may be used for legitimate absences during term time in the same way as they apply for missed examinations or impaired performance in examinations. The focus of the procedures outlined here is circumstances other than those for which an aegrotat consideration might be possible. Requests from students to be allowed special circumstances for undertaking assessment which they would otherwise miss through non-aegrotatable absence will only be considered in the following cases: (a) Their absence will be as a direct result of some aspect of their professional engineering studies, or (b) Their absence will arise as a result of their selection for sporting, cultural, or artistic representation for their country. In both cases the Department would have to be satisfied in advance that every effort had been made by the student to circumvent the potential clash by exploring alternative dates for the activity which will necessitate their absence. Some examples of situations in which the Department would consider such requests from students would be: an essential and immovable out-of-town visit to a company with which a Final Year Project was being undertaken; an immovable interview for a position as an engineer upon graduation; selection as a member of a New Zealand rowing team heading to the World Champs; selection as a member of the New Zealand Youth Choir travelling to UK on a short tour. 5. If the Department is of the view that the circumstances presented by the student satisfy the above criteria, possible ways which might be considered for overcoming the clear disadvantage of the student being absent are: making arrangements for the test, etc. to be conducted at the scheduled time at another suitable venue under appropriate supervision; allowing the test or assessment to be 32
3.
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undertaken by the student in advance of the scheduled date, with a requirement that the student signs a declaration that under no circumstances will they discuss in advance, or disclose to any other student any information about the item of assessment; allowing the student to undertake an alternative and roughly equivalent assessment item either before their departure or after their return. 6. In any situation in which the students circumstances do not satisfy the criteria in 4. above, the lecturer may be prepared (but is not required) to allow the student to undertake an alternative and roughly equivalent assessment item either before their departure or after their return, not for actual academic credit but in order to have on record some additional information about the students ability in the subject material. This may be able to be used to the students possible advantage in the case of there being a legitimate aegrotat application for the final examination in the course, or there being a borderline Pass/Fail decision to be made. To ensure consistency in the application of the above procedures, all requests from students for special consideration of their circumstances (other than aegrotats, etc., as outlined in 2. above) must be made in writing normally at least 14 days prior to either the date of the scheduled assessment item or the date of the students departure (whichever is earlier), and through the Chair of the Curriculum Committee of the Department (currently Dr Alan Tucker). Note: The period of 14 days is to allow sufficient time for alternative arrangements to be set in place if approval is given for that to be done. "Normally" is included here to cover those situations in which the request cannot be made sufficiently far in advance due to circumstances beyond the students control. The written request should include the details of not only the test/assessment item (course, date and weighting) but also sufficient details of the circumstances behind the request to enable a fair judgement of its merit to be made. Footnote: Although this policy is at Departmental rather than University level, it is consistent with what has been general practice throughout the University for several years. It has been submitted to the Assistant Vice Chancellor (Academic) who has it on file as an example of "good practice" which other departments may choose to adopt. Reconsideration of Grades A student may, within 7 days after the result of a major test or other major work is released, apply to the Head of Department to have the mark reconsidered. A student may apply in writing to the Registrar within four weeks of the publication of final results for a reconsideration of a final grade. The application must be accompanied by the prescribed fee which will be refunded if the reconsideration results in a change of grade.
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Enrolment Requirements
The Universitys two semester teaching year allows some flexibility in enrolment deadlines. While it is desirable that students have decided on the make-up of their complete year of study right at the start of the year, there are opportunities to fine tune the second semester courses later in the year. For all enrolment requirements please refer to page 5 of the student handbook or go to the handbook located on the website at http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/publications/enrolhandbook.shtml
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Report Writing
A major activity for a professional engineer is the writing of reports. Developing the ability to assemble information and present it in a clear, concise and unambiguous manner is therefore an essential and important part of an engineers training. During the three professional years of your B.E., written material in the form of reports and essays will represent at least one third of the basis for the determination of grades. The development of good report writing and presentation skills is therefore of obvious value. With the exception of the Final Year Project Report which must be typewritten, neat hand-written reports are acceptable for all other forms of submitted material. Increasingly, students are choosing to prepare reports on word processors and, while students are encouraged to make use of computer facilities for appearance and presentation, this cannot cover up inadequacies in grammar, technical content and layout. A neat, hand-written report having good content which is presented in a logical manner will be much more highly regarded than a flashy production of dubious content. Submitted work in which the grammar and/or spelling is poor will be penalised, or returned for rewriting and re-submission. There are a number of areas within the undergraduate training programme where report writing in some shape or form is required, and each of these areas is outlined below. Laboratory Reports The writing up of laboratory experiments in the form of a report is but one aspect of laboratory classes which, like reports themselves, are sometimes perceived by students as a burden to be avoided if at all possible. The broad purpose of laboratory work is to provide occasions and equipment for the beginnings of the actual practice of the profession of engineering through: * * * * applying and consolidating lecture theory; using and operating instruments, machines and computers; teaching a logical method of approach to investigational work and the analysing and interpreting of results; teaching how to present, summarise, analyse and interpret experimental findings in the form of a report which is consistent with engineering practice.
Recognising that the time required to prepare full formal reports on each laboratory experiment undertaken would be excessive, in many of the laboratories "short" reports are often called for, and these frequently can be completed before leaving the laboratory on the afternoon in which the experiment is conducted. The emphasis in such reports is on presenting the results obtained and demonstrating a good understanding of the experiment by discussing the significance of and trends in those results. A lesser number of full "formal" reports are required to be completed as well. For each course with associated laboratories (concentrated primarily in the 1st and 2nd Professional Years), specific instructions will be given to students on the number and form of reports required to be completed. Deadline dates and times are advertised and should be adhered to; late reports incur substantial penalties unless there are legitimate reasons for the delay. Design Projects Typically such projects require students to submit drawings (to a clearly prescribed level of detailed completion), supported by a report discussing and justifying the various design decisions made as well
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as presenting the design calculations on which the sizing of critical components has been based. Thus the assessment of design ability is much more than a judgment of a students skill in preparing drawings. The thinking and analysis that lies behind the final designed form must be able to be conveyed clearly and convincingly - again requiring the development and use of report-writing skills. Essays etc The written communication required of engineers does not always include masses of equations, tables and graphs. It is not unusual for examination questions to require candidates to write essay-type answers in which they are required to "Describe ..." or "Discuss ...", or even "Present arguments for and against ...". In some subjects, tasks for in-term assessment may be along similar lines. Such tasks may involve students in extensive use of the resources in the Engineering Library; for example, a critical survey of the literature relevant to a particular aspect of research. Practical Work Reports Another area in which students are required to prepare reports is in meeting the Practical Work requirements of the Bachelor of Engineering degree. Credit for the time spent in the two periods of practical work which most students must complete is conditional on a satisfactory report being written by the student on each period. Guide notes on what is required and expected in Practical Work Reports are available from the Office of the School of Engineering. Written component of Final Year Project Report Because the Final year project is a team effort, as part of meeting its requirements to be able to contribute to and/or coordinate the preparation of documents which are consistent, ordered, clear and coherent, despite having multiple authorship. This is representative of report writing tasks which can often arise within the engineering profession.
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4. 5.
6. 7.
8.
9. 10.
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11. 12.
Autonomous systems for difficult-to-automated operations such as underwater inspection, power line inspection, and vertical welding. Low Cost 3D Printer for Desktop Manufacturing of Bio-material Scaffolds, in collaboration with Bioengineering Research Centre (http://www.bioengineering.canterbury.ac.nz/)
All these projects involve mechatronics design, methods, and mechatronic control. Depending on the applicant's research interests and strength, we can scope a project that can be theoretical and algorithmic, applied, or a mixture of theory and application. The research activities are supported by state-of-art research facilities including 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. various design-and-build mobile robot platforms, precision Cartesian robot, micromanipulation robot, FPGA & embedded controller development tools, electronics design, wet process for PCB manufacturing, mechanical design (SolidWorks, ANSYS, COSMOS), and mechanical workshop, dSpace, MatLab, LabView, and the access to supercomputers on campus for complex modelling and visualisation.
For New Zealand residents and citizens, University scholarships and grants are available to qualified candidates. Having graduated with a good honours or masters degree, you may enrol for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. This usually involves three years full-time study. For further information about these degree programmes see Engineering website http://www.engf.canterbury.ac.nz/ or the UC Calendar at http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/appu/calendar.shtml International students may apply for UC Doctoral Scholarship, or Premier Scholarship offered by the Department of Mechanical Engineering on a competitive basis. Self-sponsored international PhD students pay the tuition fees as home students. In addition, competitive extramural research funding is being constantly sought after.
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Personal Computers
Students wishing to purchase their own personal computer are advised to consult the computer technicians. A number of attractive discount offers are available for desk-top computers, portable computers and software from Campus Computers provided that the student intends to use it for educational purposes only.
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Some departments list their specific safety requirements on their websites as follows: http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/organisation/committees/health+safety/ http://www.cape.canterbury.ac.nz/documents/lab_safety04.pdf http://www.cape.canterbury.ac.nz/about.shtml University policies on safety can be found at:
www.canterbury.ac.nz/hr/health_safety/specific_policies_and_procedures/policies_proced.shtml
Information on hazards associated with chemicals can be found at: http://chemwatch.canterbury.ac.nz Advice on what to do in various emergencies: www.canterbury.ac.nz/hr/health_safety/emergency_plan/emergencies.shtml All work places, including Education Institutions, must comply with the Health & Safety in Employment Act 1992. We are all required to ensure that what we do (or fail to do) does not cause harm to other persons or to ourselves. For students, this will involve the following: (a) being aware of, identifying, and managing the hazards in the area of work; (b) knowing about and using any protective safety equipment provided to minimise hazards, for example safety glasses. Safety glasses MUST be worn in the workshops. Although safety glasses are provided, personal ones may be purchased from the Departmental Workshop. (c) being aware of emergency procedures in the event of an accident in the area of work.
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You will be instructed in the safe operation of equipment and processes involved in your laboratory work by the academic or technical staff concerned, or by laboratory demonstrators if appropriate. If you are about to introduce new hazards notify the technician responsible for the area. A record of student training is kept in the laboratory. The Department has a Department Safety Officer, and a Safety Committee. Anything related to the safety of the environment in which you work within the Department should be brought to their attention. General Safety Rules * * * * * * * * * You must complete the Safety Hazards Sheet prior to undertaking any work in laboratories, including supervised teaching laboratories. Be aware of the location of exits, telephones and safety equipment. If you find something that looks to be unsafe do not ignore it! Do not use it if it appears to be unsafe in any way. Try to minimise the hazard to others if you can do so safely. Tell the person responsible. All accidents or near misses must be reported. You must also be aware of and follow any additional safety rules which apply to individual laboratories and departments. If in doubt, ask.
Access rules * * * * Where you have swipecard access, you may not use your card to admit anyone else. You may not enter a lab or workshop unless you have specific permission or are in the company of an authorised person. You may not invite any visitors into laboratories or workshops without permission. After hours, you may not work in laboratories or workshops without specific individual permission.
Electrical Safety All items of mains electrical equipment used in the Department should carry a label, usually close to the plug, indicating that they have been tested for electrical safety. Before using electrical equipment check that the label is current. If the test date on the label has expired, or there is no label ask the technical staff in the electronics workshop to test the equipment. Occupational Overuse Syndrome (OOS) All people who use computers for more than three hours total per day are considered at risk of getting OOS. It is important to realise that the onset of severe OOS can occur very quickly after the first minor pains are noticed. It can be very disabling and recovery is very slow. It is therefore important to adopt correct work techniques so as to prevent OOS rather than hope for a cure. Information about OOS and appropriate keyboard and mouse techniques to prevent it are displayed in the computer laboratories. All students should study this information and ensure they adopt safe working practices.
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Fire If you discover a fire: (a) Raise the alarm immediately by operating the nearest fire alarm. (b) Notify the Fire Service by calling 111. (c) Close down potentially dangerous processes or machinery if possible to do so safely and with no delay. Leave lights on. (d) Leave immediately by the nearest escape route. (e) Report to your designated assembly area. Earthquake (a) It is usually safer to remain inside a building in all but a major earthquake. Move away from windows that may break or anything that may fall. Take shelter under solid furniture or in a doorway. (b) Do not start evacuation until major shaking has stopped. When the evacuation alarm sounds, follow the normal evacuation procedure. (c) Be aware of possible after shocks. (d) In libraries, move clear of bookshelves. (e) If outside, keep clear of buildings. (f) Those trained in First Aid should help casualties. (g) DO NOT REMOVE any unconscious or seriously injured victims unless they are in immediate danger of further injury by fire, falling debris, etc. Stay by them and call for help. Accidents Incidents, Accidents and Near Misses In case of a minor accident you should seek help from trained first aiders, as listed in the front of the manual, or from the University Health Centre (364 2402). Workplaces throughout the College are equipped with adequate first aid cabinets for dealing with minor injuries. (a) In the event of an accident in any of the laboratories, immediately switch off the relevant machine and/or electrical supply. Students should know the locations of the controlling switches, and in the main corridor, the positions of emergency trip switches controlling the main switchboard. (b) In the case of injury, notify the nearest member of staff at once. If resuscitation is necessary remove the injured person to safety and begin resuscitation immediately. Do not delay. Call for assistance if necessary. (c) The Security Centre is staffed 24 hours a day, dial 6111. If medical or emergency (Ambulance, Fire Service) aid is required, dial 111. (d) First aid kits are located in three areas: one next to the Heat Treatment Laboratory, one half-way down the Laboratory wings main corridor and one by the store at the north end of the Laboratory. Reporting Accidents University policy requires all accidents or near misses to be reported. You should report these to Department Safety Officer.
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Specific safety rules N.B. If you do not observe these rules you will be excluded from the workplace * * * * * * * * You may not enter laboratories with bare feet or open shoes. Smoking is prohibited anywhere in the building. Eating or drinking is prohibited in labs and workshops. Do not run when inside buildings. You must wear personal safety equipment which is appropriate to the task you are undertaking. You may not use any chemical without appropriate training. Do not plug in or use any electrical equipment (including your own) without checking that it has a current safety certificate. You may not use any laboratory equipment, workshop tools or machinery until you have been trained in its safe use.
Fieldwork Fieldwork within the College includes any organised off-campus trips, from industrial site or visits to work in the backcountry landscapes. While on fieldwork you must listen to and follow any instruction given regarding health and safety. Drugs and Alcohol The use of drugs and alcohol, even if consumed off-campus, can lead to impairment while learning. Poor concentration, carelessness, risk-taking behaviour and errors in judgement can occur, all of which can result in injury to yourself and/or others.
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General
Class Reps Class Reps are recruited by the Director of Studies for your year at the start of each year. Class Reps are invaluable in being a link between students and the lecturer and help sort out issues or problems that may arise in a course that affect the class. Class Reps are expected to attend training, and are invited to attend the UCSA Council of Class Reps once per term. The UCSA has further details about the Class Rep system and a searchable database for finding the class reps of any specific course. Laboratory Attire For safety reasons the following dress standards are required in laboratories. Bare feet and jandals are not allowed in laboratories. In all workshops, eye protection and shoes must be worn, long hair tied back and loose clothing such as ties must be covered. Laboratory supervisors will outline any special dress requirements. They have the power to ban inappropriately dressed students from the laboratories. Mechatronics Programme Notices The Programme notices are displayed on noticeboards on the 2nd floor of the Mechanical/Civil building, as well as a mirror site on the 2nd Floor of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. It is important to check these noticeboards regularly. The Programme noticeboards will also be complemented by electronic notices. Students are encourage to check their mail boxes regularly. Smoking All University buildings are "No Smoking" areas. Lecture Times and Punctuality All lectures before 1pm start promptly on the hour, ie 8.00, 9.00, 10.00, 11.00am and noon. Those after 1.00pm start at ten minutes past the hour, i.e. 1.10pm, 2.10pm etc. Most laboratories start on the hour, usually at 2.10pm. Please arrive punctually for lectures and laboratories. Late arrivals distract students and lecturers and may result in exclusion from the lecture or laboratory. Care of the School Generally, the School is a pleasant place in which to study and work. Please help to keep it so by taking care of School property, and by not leaving litter around.
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