Elastic Response Spectia

ByNewmarksMethod

Carleton University
Mostafa Tazarv
uiauuate Stuuent
Version 1.0 (May 2011)



Cite as: Tazaiv, N., Elastic Response Spectia foi Response Spectium
Analysis of Stiuctuies, available online at: http:alum.shaiif.euu~tazaiv

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Introduction
To design a structure against earthquake, one of the most recommended methods by design
specifications is response spectrum analysis in which rather than time history analysis,
maximum responses are estimated by this method. To do so, first, natural frequencies (or period)
should be obtained by means of modal analysis of desired structure. Then, we need a curve
which covers all the possible frequencies versus maximum responses called response
spectrum. Specifically, this curve represents the maximum responses of several structures (each
frequency represents a structure) under an earthquake. Response can be displacement, velocity or
acceleration. However, for response spectrum analysis, displacement spectrum is of interest.
Finally, for each mode maximum values can be estimated by this curve and by an appropriate
combination rule such as SRSS or CQC, maximum responses of the structure can be obtained.
The main goal of the posted function (SPEC) is to generate elastic response spectra including
displacement, pseudo velocity and pseudo acceleration spectra needed in the response spectrum
analysis of structures. Under an earthquake, for desired range of period (or frequency) Eq. 1 will
be numerically solved by Newmark linear method. Maximum displacement will be captured for
each period (T) and finally, plot of these maximum displacements versus period will be
displacement spectrum (S
d
). Based on this spectrum, pseudo velocity spectrum (S
p
) and
pseudo acceleration spectrum (S
pu
) can be obtained by Eq. 2 and Eq. 3.

g
u u u u & & & & & = + +
2
2 (1)
where
(=
2n
1
) is natural frequency,
c is damping ratio and
u
g
is ground motion acceleration of the earthquake.

S
p
= S
d
(2)
S
pu
=
2
S
d
(3)






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FunctionHelp:SPEC
This is a self-explanatory function indeed. However, there is an option to control end period of
spectra called endp. For example, you may need the spectra up to 4 second then please set this
factor to 4.

[ T, Spa, Spv, Sd] =SPEC( dt , Ag, zet , g, endp)

% I NPUTS:
% dt : Ti me I nt er val ( Sampl i ng Ti me) of ear t hquake accel er at i on
gr ound mot i on
% Ag: Gr ound Mot i on Accel er at i on i n g ( a vect or )
% zet : Dampi ng Rat i o i n per cent ( %) ; e. g. 5
% g: Gr avi t at i onal Const ant ; e. g. 9. 81 m/ s/ s
% endp: End Per i od of Spect r a; e. g. 4 sec

% OUTPUTS:
% T: Per i od of St r uct ur es ( sec) ( a vect or )
% Spa: El ast i c Pseudo Accel er at i on Spect r um ( a vect or ) i n g
% Spv: El ast i c Pseudo Vel oci t y Spect r um ( a vect or )
% Sd: El ast i c Di spl acement Spect r um ( a vect or )

NOTE:
If you dont like to have the plot of spectra, please delete lines 62-74.
If g is in m/s
2
, then S
pv
will be in the unit of m/s and S
d
will be in the unit of m.

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Example1:ResponseSpectraofElcentroEarthquake
It is desired to obtain the elastic response spectra of N-S component of 1940 Elcentro earthquake
(Fig. 1) with 2% damping ratio up to 5sec. This record is also attached to the submitted files.
First column is time and second column is acceleration in g. Jt is 0.02sec. Please call the
function as follows:

Hinttoloadthisrecordinworkspace: l oad el cent r o. dat
Hint: g i s 9810 mm/ s
2

[ T, Spa, Spv, Sd] =SPEC( 0. 02, el cent r o( : , 2) , 2, 9810, 5)

Fig. 2 and 3 show the spectra. Since g is in mm/s
2
, S
d
will be in mm as well.

Figure 1- Ground Motion Acceleration of N-S Component of Elcentro Earthquake in g




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Figure 2-Pseudo Acceleration Spectrum of N-S Component of Elcentro Earthquake with I = 2%

Example2:VerificationofSEPC
In this section, I will compare the spectra generated by SPEC with well-known software
SeismoSignal. Selected earthquake is again 1940 Elcentro N-S component. However, damping
ratio is 5% and end period was set to 4 sec. Fig. 4&5 compare the acceleration spectrum and
displacement spectrum by these to programs.
Figure 4-Comparison of Pseudo Acceleration Spectrum of N-S Component of Elcentro Earthquake with
I = 5%
Figure 5- Comparison of Displacement Spectrum of N-S Component of Elcentro Earthquake with I = 5%


0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
S
p
a
(
g
)
Period (s)
SeismoSignal
SPEC
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
S
d

(
m
m
)
Period (s)
SeismoSignal
spec
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Example3:VerificationofSEPC
Another comparison has been made. However, selected earthquake is one of the recorded ground
motions of March 11, 2011 destructive earthquake in Japan (M9.0). Fig. 6 shows the site location
and name (IWT006). You can download the uncorrected record form http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/.
Damping ratio is 5% and end period was set to 10sec. Fig. 7&8 compare the acceleration
spectrum and displacement spectrum of corrected record by these two programs.
Figure 6-a) Japan Earthquake Network b) selected ground motion is IWT007


Figure 7-Comparison of Pseudo Acceleration Spectrum of N-S IWT006 of March 2011 Japan Earthquake
with I = 5% (limited to 4sec)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
S
p
a
(
g
)
Period (s)
SeismoSignal
SPEC
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Figure 8- Comparison of Displacement Spectrum of N-S IWT006 of March 2011 Japan Earthquake with
I = 5%


I hope this function helps you in your future study, research and design project. If you are
interested, I have posted another function which can carry out time history analysis of MDOF
structures by mode superposition method under either earthquake or time-variant loading on
DOFs. You can find it in MATLAB central called Modal Time History Analysis of Structures
(NM.m) available online at (MATLAB may change the address):
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/30866-modal-time-history-analysis-of-structures


Reference
1. Humar J. L., Dynamic of Structures, Prentice Hall, 1990
2. Chopra A. K., Dynamic of Structures, Theory and Application to Earthquake Engineering, Prentice
Hall, 1995
3. MATLAB, The MathWorks Inc., 2009
4. SeismoSignal, SeismoSoft Ltd, 2011. (http://www.seismosoft.com/en/HomePage.aspx)
5. National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention of Japan, http://www.k-
net.bosai.go.jp/


0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
S
d

(
m
m
)
Period (s)
SeismoSignal
spec