Bharat Ratna

Bharatratna
Bharat Ratna (Jewel of India[1] or Gem of India[2] in English) is the Republic of India's highest civilian award, for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavour.[3] Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for the award. However the recommendations for Bharat Ratna are to be made by the Prime Minister of India to the President of India. [4] The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank 7th in the Indian order of precedence; however, unlike knights they do not carry any special title nor any other honorifics. History The order was established by Rajendra Prasad, President of India, on 2 January 1954.[5] While there was no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens, this seems to have been the general assumption. Of the 41 awards so far, there has been one award to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa (1980), and to two nonIndians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990). The awarding of this honour has frequently been the subject of litigation questioning the constitutional basis of such. In 2011, the Government of India modified the eligibility criteria to allow sportspersons to receive the award and opened the award for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavour from the earlier criteria for the highest degrees of national service. This service includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as "recognition of public service of the highest order." [6] [7] Indira Gandhi is the youngest person alive at the time of receiving the award (at the age of 54) and Rajiv Gandhi is the youngest overall to receive the Bharat Ratna (posthumously at the age of 47). Gulzarilal Nanda is the eldest person alive at the time of receiving the award (age 99) and Vallabhbhai Patel is the eldest overall (posthumously at the age of 116). Specifications The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the legend "Bharat Ratna" (in Devanagari) above and a floral wreath below. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon. There is no indication that any specimens of this design were ever produced and one year later the design was altered. The decoration is in the form of a peepal leaf, about 5.8 cm long, 4.7 cm wide and 3.1 mm thick. It is of toned bronze. On its obverse is embossed a replica of the sun, 1.6 cm in diameter, below which the words Bharat Ratna" are embossed in Devanagari script. On the reverse are State emblem and the motto, also in Devanagari. The emblem, the sun and the rim are of platinum. The inscriptions are in burnished bronze.
Awarded Person: 41 1st Person: 1954 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. V. Raman, C. Rajagopalachari Last Person: 2008 Bhimsen Joshi
Bharat Ratna Jawaharlal Nehru

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India was born at Allahabad on 14 November 1889. He was the only son of Motilal Nehru and Swarup Rani. From the age of 15 to 23 Jawaharlal studied in England at Harrow, Cambridge and the Inner Temple returning to India in 1912. Jawaharlal Nehru remained the Prime Minister of India for 17 long years and can rightly be called the architect of modern India. He set India on the path of democracy and nurtured its institution - Parliament, multi-party system, independent judiciary and free press. He encouraged Panjayati Raj institutions. With the foresight of a statesman he created institutions like Planning Commission, National Science Laboratories and laid the foundation of a vast public sector for developing infrastructure for industrial growth. Besides, developing the public sector, Nehru also wanted to encourage the private sector to establish a social order based on social justice he emphasised the need of planned development. Nehru gave a clear direction to Indias role in the comity of nations with the policy of non alignment and the principle of Panchsheel, the five principles of peaceful coexistence at a time when the rivalries of cold-war were driving the humanity to its doom. His vision was that of extensive application of science and technology and industrialisation for better living and liberation from the clutches of poverty, superstition and ignorance. Education to him was very important for internal freedom and fearlessness. It was Nehru who insisted if the world was to exist at all; it must exist as one. He was generous and gracious. Emotional sensitivity and intellectual passion infused his writings, giving them unusual appeal and topicality even today. He was awarded Bharat Ratna in
1955. He never forgot India's great cultural heritage and liked to combine tradition with modernity. Jawaharlal was a prolific writer in English and wrote a number of books like The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, his autobiography, towards Freedom' (1936) ran nine editions in the first year alone. Emotional sensitivity and intellectual passion infused his writings, giving them unusual appeal & topicality even today. He was awarded Bharat Ratna in 1955. Pandit Nehru loved children and they call him affectionately as Chacha Nehru. Hie birthday is observed as Children's Day. He believed that children are the future of the nation. Nehru passed away in 1964.
ECONOMIC POLICIES Planning commission of India which drew up the first Five-Year Plan in 1951. MIXED ECONOMY Manage strategic industries such as mining, Electricity and Heavy industries, Serving public interest. LAND DISTRIBUTION To build irrigation canals, dams and spread the use of fertilizers to increase agricultural production. EDUCATION AND SOCIAL REFORMS He passionate the advocate of education he too believes that it essential for India's future progress. EDUCATIONALS INSTITUTIONS ESTABLISHMENTS: All India Institute of Medical Science(AIIMS) Indian Institutes of Technology(IIT) Indian Institutes of Management(IIM) compulsory primary education to all of India's children Which makes several changes in the life of the Indians who are they below the POVERTY LINE. The provision of Free Milk and Meals to Children. To reduce the MAL NUTRITION among the LEARNING STUDENTS. Now which is Implemented across the India. Reforms in Civil and Law Enacted many changes to Hindu law in our Indian parliament not only in India. He is also fought for the caste discrimination throughout the world through his remarkable public address. A system of reservations in government services and educational institutions.
To Eradicate the Social Inequalities and Disadvantages Scheduled Tribes (S.T). National Security and Foreign Policy
Scheduled Castes(S.C) and
POLICIES
Non-Alignment
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Non-Aligned Movement
U.S and U.S.S.R
DEFUSE THE NUCLEAR WEAPON TREATS And wars

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Bharatratna

Bharat Ratna Jawaharlal Nehru

Scheduled Castes(S.C) and

U.S and U.S.S.R

DEFUSE THE NUCLEAR WEAPON TREATS And wars

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